转速比对双转子系统非线性动力学特性影响

以航空发动机双转子系统为研究对象,考虑挤压油膜阻尼器以及中介轴承的非线性力,通过有限元法和固定界面模态综合法建立了双转子系统的耦合动力学模型。利用仿真计算分析了转速比对转子系统非线性响应特性的影响。研究表明:响应中能观察到较明显的交叉激振现象;响应中除了内外转子的不平衡激励频率之外,还出现了两者的组合频率,但不同转速比情况下的组合频率不同;同向旋转情况下的临界转速均不小于反向旋转;转速比对转子系统的轴心轨迹和运动的周期性有较大影响。最后,通过试验验证了本文建模和仿真结果的正确性。     

Rubbing-Induced Vibration Response Analysis of Dual-Rotor-Casing System

Considering gyroscopic effects caused by rotational speed,torsional vibration as well as coupling effects among inner rotor,out rotor and casing,a dynamic model of the dual-rotor-casing system is established using finite element(FE)method.By comparing the natural characteristics obtained from MATLAB and ANSYS,the developed model is verified.Then rubbing-induced vibration responses in dual-rotor-casing system are analyzed.The effects of rotational speed and speed ratio on rubbing vibration responses of the system are discussed.Results show that different combined frequency components will appear in the spectrum except two unbalanced excitation frequencies and their multiple frequency components,and these frequencies can be used as the dual-rotor aero-engine rubbing failure diagnosis frequencies when rubbing occurs.Besides,the amplitude of torsional vibration is larger than that of lateral vibration under the same working condition,and speed ratio has a great impact on the periodicity of the system rubbing-induced motion trajectory.The amplitude of rubbing-induced responses under counter-rotation is less than that under co-rotation with the same parameters.     

Optimizing Control for Rotor Vibration with Magnetorheological Fluid Damper

The aim of this work is to analyze and design a control system for vibration reduction in a rotor system using a shear mode magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper. A dynamic model of the MRF damper-rotor system was built and simulated in Matlab/Simulink to analyze the rotor vibration characteristics and the vibration reduction dfeet of the MRF damper. Based on the numerical simulation analysis, an optimizing control strategy using pat- tern search method was proposed and designed. The control system was constructed on a test rotor bench and ex- periment validations on the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy were conducted. Experimental results show that rotor vibration caused by unbalance can be well controlled whether in resonance region （70~） or in non- resonance region （30 ~）. An irregular vibration amplitude jump can be suppressed with the optimization strategy. Furthermore, it is found that the rapidity of transient response and efficiency of optimizing technique depend on the pattern search step. The presented strategies and control system can be extended to multi-span （more than two or three spans） rotor system. It provides a powerful technical support for the extension and application in target and control for shafting vibration.     

高速滚动轴承-转子系统的摩擦阻尼减振

为了抑制高速滚动轴承-转子系统在通过临界转速时的过大振动,本文采用了摩擦阻尼弹性支承结构.分析了该支承的减振机理和支承特性,设计了摩擦阻尼器,研究了其对转子系统不平衡响应的影响.结果表明,采用适当的机械结构,阻尼器的刚度因子和摩阻因子只与内环的锥角和接触面摩擦因数有关.通过改变这两个参数和外壳轴向刚度,可改变其刚度和阻尼特性.在转子系统支承中引入摩擦阻尼器能够降低支承刚度,从而降低系统的临界转速,避开工作转速.此外,还可增大支承阻尼,抑制临界振幅,减小系统的振动外传力.     

某小型高速转子临界转速分析

针对某一小型高速转子的实际结构，利用传递矩阵法计算了该转子在不同支承刚度条件下和不同跨度下的临界转速，分析了采用弹性支承与改变支点跨度对转子临界转速的影响。分析结果表明，由于小型转子本身结构特点和尺寸的限制，航空发动机中经常采用的弹性支承（加挤压油膜）结构措施，在小型转子中的应用将会遇到很多困难；而在条件许可下，利用改变支点跨度来调整临界转速是行之有效的     

挤压油膜阻尼器对耦合双转子轴间力的影响分析

建立带挤压油膜阻尼器耦合双转子系统的动力学模型,分析挤压油膜阻尼器对双转子系统稳态不平衡振动的影响以及临界转速下阻尼器对不平衡振动的控制效果。结果表明,挤压油膜阻尼器能显著降低临界转速附近时双转子系统的振动幅值;阻尼器不仅能改善系统的稳定性,而且能使轴间的耦合作用力变化趋缓,轴承工作平稳,有利于延长其工作寿命。     

Blade-Loss-Caused Rubbing Dynamic Characteristics of Rotor-Bladed Disk-Casing System

Considering the elastic supports,the finite element model of rotor-bladed disk-casing system is established using commercial software ANSYS/LS-DYNA.Assuming that broken blade is released from the disk,the complicate rubbing responses of unbalanced rotor-bladed disk-casing system are studied under different operational speeds.In addition,influences of both plastic deformation of blade and casing failure are analyzed.The results show that there exist some multiple even fractional frequencies in the transient and steady vibration responses of unbalanced rotor.Besides,one nodal diameter vibration of bladed disk coupling with the lateral vibration of the shaft as well as the first order bending vibration of blade can be excited under low operational speed,while the first order bending vibration of blade coupling with the lateral vibration of disk-shaft is easily excited under high operational speed.During rubbing process,three distinct contact states can be observed:broken blade-casing contact,broken blade-blade component-casing contact and broken blade-casing contact/blade component-casing contact/blade selfcontact.It is worth noting that the third contact state is related to the operational speed.With the increase of operational speed,self-contact in the blade may occur.     

小型低温风洞压缩机转子结构设计

低温风洞的轴流压缩机是整个风洞的动力装置,具有温度范围宽广、运转速度较高等特点。本文围绕低温压缩机的转子结构设计,论述了压缩机主轴-轮毂连接、轮毂-叶片连接、轴承的选取、轴承的润滑、密封结构形式以及轴系热防护方案等关键技术,针对弹性支承下的转子动力学校核以及转子热应力计算等内容开展了仿真研究。计算结果表明,转子第一阶临界转速远高于最大转速,降温结束时推力轴承座圆锥面内侧的最大应力值约170MPa,安全系数大于1.5。压缩机组和小型低温风洞进行了联合调试,当总温降至110K时,轴承温度大于5℃,轴承振动在全转速范围内小于3mm/s。各项性能指标均满足使用要求,调试结果验证了该压缩机转子系统设计的可靠性。     

一种新颖的电磁式同步电机力矩控制方案

对同步电机直接力矩控制作了进一步的研究，从理论上分析同步电机转矩的产生，并将直接力矩控制思想延伸到电磁式同步电机，讨论了电磁式同步电机直接力矩控制的实现，仿真分析了电磁式同步电机直接力矩控制系统，并阐述了电磁式同步电机直接力矩控制方案较永磁同步电机方案具有的优点；定于磁链幅值不受转于磁链大小的限制，转矩－力矩角曲线线性度更好，转矩变化更快，动态性能更优；转子信号可测，无需复杂的运算和额外的装置辨识初转子磁极位置，仅靠转子激磁电流变化，从定子感应电势即可得到转子位置。此外，采用直接力矩控制更易于实现电机系统的无速度传感器运行。仿真结果表明了系统的可行性和的动态性能。     

氢涡轮泵转子非线性振动

弹性支承设计应该满足临界转速与工作转速间离和转子定心两方面要求。试验和分析结果表明，眼位器的非线性效应使临界转速增大，可能使临界转速与工作转速靠近，此外还可能诱发转子次谐波振动，因此限位器不适于氢涡轮泵转子定心设计。     

新型无铰式旋翼气弹综合分析的全本征方程方法

针对新型无铰式旋翼构型存在的大变形几何非线性及根部多路传力的特点,并考虑非定常气动载荷作用,建立了无铰式旋翼气弹综合分析的全本征方程。发展了高精度的伽辽金法变阶有限单元,利用Newmark平均速度法和牛顿松弛迭代,实现了旋翼动力学与气动力的紧耦合求解。经过算例的对比验证表明,本文方法能够准确模拟新型无铰式旋翼根部多路传力条件,并在稳态气弹响应、振动载荷以及气弹稳定性计算等方面具有较好的精度。     

悬停状态直升机剪刀式旋翼的试验研究

为了研究剪刀式旋翼的气动特性 ,在 2m直升机旋翼模型试验台上进行了试验研究。试验中采用了新研制的高精度旋翼天平和扭矩天平测量系统以及动态数据采集和处理系统 ,以确保试验结果的可靠性。作为对比 ,笔者首先针对普通尾桨进行了试验 ,给出了旋翼拉力和扭矩随总距角变化的试验结果。然后 ,着重进行了剪刀式旋翼的试验 ,测量了旋翼的拉力和扭矩随不同的剪刀角的变化 ,并对不同旋翼间距对旋翼拉力和扭矩的影响进行了对比。结果表明 ,剪刀式旋翼的剪刀角和旋翼间距影响尾桨拉力大小 ,但对扭矩的影响不大。     

探针支杆尾迹对压气机转子叶片振动特性的影响研究

针对某轴流压气机试验中出现的第一级转子叶片振动应变信号突增现象,开展了不同构型探针支杆尺寸对压气机转子叶片振动特性影响的对比试验.通过对比不同构型探针支杆尺寸、不同安装布局下转子叶片振动信号的变化,证实了进口探针支杆尺寸是诱发转子叶片异常振动的主要原因.同时采用流固耦合数值模拟方法,分析了探针支杆尾迹诱发转子叶片共振的...     

共轴高速直升机振动载荷计算分析模型

共轴高速直升机上下旋翼之间存在强烈的气动干扰现象,这对旋翼的气动特性影响较大。本文根据这一特点并考虑气弹耦合计算效率,利用单旋翼自由尾迹模型的尾迹几何和固定尾迹计算的初始诱导速度分布作为共轴双旋翼预定尾迹模型的初始迭代值。与Leishman-Beddoes非定常动态失速模型、Pitt-Peters动态入流模型、共轴直升机上下旋翼桨叶全本征动力学方程及弹性桨叶与变距轴承边界约束条件等计算模块相结合,建立了一种考虑上下旋翼之间气动干扰及耦合迭代的共轴双旋翼振动载荷计算模型。为验证本分析模型的计算精度,以西科斯基公司的验证机XH-59A为研究对象,与国外风洞试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。     

旋翼转速变化对直升机需用功率、配平、振动及噪声的影响分析

建立了适用于变转速旋翼直升机的综合分析模型,该模型可用于综合分析直升机稳态飞行时的旋翼需用功率、全机配平操纵、旋翼桨毂振动水平与旋翼气动噪声。并且使用UH-60A"黑鹰"直升机的飞行试验数据及相关研究结果验证综合分析方法的准确性。在此基础上,分析旋翼转速变化对旋翼需用功率、全机配平操纵、旋翼桨毂振动水平与旋翼气动噪声的影响,从而为转速优化设计提供依据。结果表明,改变旋翼转速会导致上述4个特性同时发生明显变化,而在本文算例中适当地降低旋翼转速可最多降低19.2%的旋翼需用功率与6.7%的旋翼气动噪声,但是却会造成旋翼操纵受限和旋翼桨毂振动增加的不良后果。     

弧面分度凸轮廓形铣削加工系统的动力学分析

以弧面分度凸轮廓形铣削加工系统的分析与简化为基础,建立了动力学模型,利用M atlab6.0对加工系统进行了动力学仿真与分析。在凸轮切削加工过程中,振动最强烈的区域发生在切入阶段和切出阶段;与凸轮非分度区廓形加工相对应的扭振振幅小且稳定;切削用量对加工系统的动力学响应有明显的影响,工件进给速度、刀具轴向最大切削深度越小,系统的振动越弱,刀具(主轴)转速提高,工件子系统振动减弱,刀具子系统的振动增强;生产效率相同时,刀具轴向最大切削深度减小,更能有效地减弱切削加工系统的振动。     

采用磁流变阻尼器的直升机"地面共振"分析

针对磁流变阻尼器的非线性特性，采用能量法得到了磁流变阻尼器的等效线性阻尼。建立了机体平面二自由度和刚性桨叶的“地面共振”分析模型，得出了直升机“地面共振”的稳定性区域。通过分析计算可以得出，磁流变阻尼器能在不同情况下提供“地面共振”所要求的阻尼，达到抑制“地面共振”的目的。     

微型共轴双旋翼气动性能数值模拟与试验分析

为研究悬停状态下旋翼的间距对微型共轴双旋翼气动性能的影响,文中通过搭建试验平台对间距比h/r分别为0.32、0.38、0.45、0.51、0.58、0.65和0.75下的共轴双旋翼进行气动性能测试,以测量不同旋翼转速下所得共轴双旋翼的拉力和功耗对共轴双旋翼气动布局进行优化,试图找出具有最佳气动特性的共轴旋翼布局。另外,通过试验误差分析确定了相应的拉力系数、功率系数和功率载荷,且试验误差均小于2%。同时,为更直观得到不同间距下气流干扰对旋翼系统气动性能的影响,文中采用数值模拟得到了不同间距比下旋翼的流线分布和压力分布。最后,对比试验结果,综合分析旋翼间气动干扰的影响,最终得到间距比h/r为0.38时的共轴双旋翼具有最佳的气动布局。研究结果表明,悬停状态的共轴双旋翼可以通过改变间距大大提高气动性能,且同一间距下转速越大虽然旋翼间干扰越强烈,但此时开始出现耦合,使得系统的气动性能可能更好,同时,由于上下旋翼间的相互诱导,虽然转速较低时升力较小,但是功耗明显低于高转速,使得系统具有更大的功率载荷。     

独立桨叶变距对旋翼振动载荷影响规律分析

独立桨叶控制技术(Individual blade control,IBC)能够改善旋翼气动环境,降低桨毂振动载荷。本文采用Leishman-Beddoes动态失速模型和动态入流模型计算旋翼非定常气流下的气动响应;通过动力学软件ADAMS建立旋翼气弹动力学模型计算桨毂载荷;在周期变距基础上施加二阶和三阶谐波变距进行控制仿真,研究独立桨叶高阶谐波变距对桨毂载荷减振作用的规律。仿真结果表明,通过改变相应变距谐波的幅值和相位,能够使得振动水平大幅降低并达到最优。     

Parametric Study of Low Frequency Broadband Rectilinear-to-Rotary Vibrational Energy Harvesting

A parametric study of a high-power-density dual resonator for achieving low frequency broadband electromagnetic energy harvesting is reported.The dual resonator consists of a rectilinear oscillator(R_LO)performing magnetic levitation and a rotary oscillator(R_TO)performing electromagnetic coupling through a stator and a rotor.Both oscillators,coupled by magnetic forces generated by a set of arc permanent magnets,radially magnetized and centro-symmetrically fixed onto the R_LO and the rotor of the R_TO achieve the reciprocating-to-rotary motion conversion and frequency up-conversion.Specifically,the dual resonator is able to convert stochastic reciprocating motion into controllable rotation,provide intrinsic frequency up-conversion,use non-contact magnetic coupling to provide near loss-free energy transfer and be configured into specific applications to obtain and maintain high-energy orbits of multi-stable energy harvesting.While solely focusing on developing a dual resonator provides substantial benefits,its dynamic behavior is unclear,thus electromagnetic-dynamic governing equations are derived,and a curve fitting model of restoring torque of R_TO under different repulsive magnets configurations are developed to predict key characteristics and to improve performance of the electromechanical system.Power analysis is carried out for providing aquantitative guidance of customizing the harvester to achieve an optimal power density.