Electrical power distribution on space based radar satellites

The radar payload on a space-based radar (SBR) satellite could require tens of kilowatts of power distributed to many small loads over a large area. This poses special problems for the power distribution and control system (PDCS). A study that examined the power requirements of an SBR spacecraft is reported. A baseline prime power system, generating about 30 kW, was derived. The proposed distribution network would transmit 240 V at 20 kHz. The voltage would be downconverted in one converter for about 100 transmit/receive modules. The design considerations are discussed, and the baseline PDCS is described     

认知无线电网络中基于几何规划的分布式功率控制

功率控制对于允许次用户和主用户之间频谱共享的认知无线电网络来说是关键的,针对具有干扰限制的认知网络最大总容量得到一种最优的分步式功率控制策略,对于系统效用的非凸性,引入几何规划把非凸最优化问题转换为凸最优化问题,引入辅助变量和额外等式约束,把效用之间的关联转化为约束之间的关联,提出了功率控制策略的解决方法,显示了整体最...     

飞机用开关磁阻起动/发电系统负载影响研究

组合起动/发电(IS/G)系统是多/全电飞机(M/A EA)的关键子系统,而开关磁阻电机(SRM)被认为是实现飞机IS/G系统的首选机型。研究了负载对开关磁阻起动/发电(SR S/G)系统电能质量及稳定性的影响。针对多电飞机电气系统的特点,所涉及的负载被划分为三类:传统负载、特殊负载和恒功率负载,给出了突加、突卸负载时SRM的输出电压和相电流曲线。同时,对恒功率负载下系统的稳定性进行了理论分析和仿真验证。     

TWT Reliability in Space

The question of Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) reliability in space poses some unique problems. First, since tube reliability has a tremendous impact on system design and overall cost, if problems do occur, they are highly visible. Second, attaining high reliability is made difficult by small production runs and short delivery schedules. Finally, the now-common 10 year life specification is combined with state-of-the-art performance requirements, forcing design changes and adding risk. To meet these requirements, we emphasize certain design and manufacturing ground rules. When orbital TWT problems do occur, our experience is that they are usually caused by infant mortality, not wearout. Data based on operation in space show that with close attention to the details of design and manufacturing, reliability exceeding the 500,000 hours MTBF normally specified is achieved. Traveling Wave Tube reliability and overall performance have a tremendous impact on system design and the overall cost of a satellite. TWT reliability determines the amount of redundancy needed to meet a given satellite mission objective. Increased redundancy means increased complexity and weight of the spacecraft. The TWTs, with their Electronic Power Conditioners, also dissipate over 80% of all spacecraft power. Increased tube efficiency will therefore simplify matters all around. Because of the critical impact of tubes, if technical problems do occur, they are highly visible at the system level, where rumors of failure spread like wildfire in the fairly small space community. Attaining high reliability is difficult because of the many conflicting requirements.     

受面内非均匀分布载荷的矩形板屈曲分析

薄板线性稳定性分析进行了很多年,发展得较为完善并且有手册可方便查阅。受非均匀面内分布载荷的板因为解析解不易求出,在分析中一般假设应力与边缘处的作用力分布规律相同。实际上此时板内的应力分布却与边缘处的不一样,而且还会产生另外两个应力分量,其影响取决于边界条件。采用有限元法分析非均匀载荷作用时薄板的稳定性问题,给出多种边界条件下的板的屈曲载荷,还给出了相应的基于受均匀载荷薄板屈曲载荷的当量因子。同时发现《飞机设计手册》中薄板受某线性载荷作用时的临界载荷因子不够精确。研究结果为承受非均匀面内分布载荷的板结构设计提供参考依据。     

基于TTP协议的飞机配电系统通信仿真研究

针对飞机配电系统典型单元,建立基于时间触发的四节点控制与通信模型;实现系统典型节点的信号交互,并进行实时控制与仿真分析。以供电系统处理机(PSP)、发电机控制器和汇流条控制器的组合(GCUs+BPCU),某个负载管理中心(ELMC)、以及多个固态功率控制器(SSPCs)为四个典型节点,在研究模型节点内部控制与逻辑关系、建立消息时刻表的基础上,仿真了配电系统在双发、单发、应急情况下,汇流条和负载的自动管理。仿真结果表明,信号严格按照确定的消息时刻表传送,通信具有较高的实时性和可靠性。研究结果为时间触发协议在航空器领域的应用提供了参考。     

复合材料曲板缺陷及安装误差对屈曲性能的影响

复合材料曲板的屈曲行为对缺陷十分敏感,研究数值模拟及试验中缺陷对屈曲性能的影响对复合材料曲板的工程应用具有重要意义。应用数值模拟方法研究了常见典型缺陷及缺陷所引起的安装误差对复合材料曲板屈曲性能的影响。建立了理想曲板模型和考虑安装误差的含缺陷曲板模型,缺陷类型包括复合材料曲板在制造过程中易产生的缺陷,如倾斜、厚度不均、翘曲。计算了模型在轴压载荷下的屈曲载荷及应变分布情况,并将含缺陷模型计算结果与理想模型进行比较。研究表明：倾斜对受载曲板的应变分布改变较大,会使试验件屈曲载荷大幅下降;翘曲对受载曲板的应变分布影响不大但会使试验件屈曲载荷大幅下降;厚度不均的缺陷对曲板屈曲性能影响较小。与含典型缺陷的曲板轴压试验结果对比,试验结果与理论研究结果一致。     

Aircraft Power System Harmonics Involving Single-Phase PFC Converters

AC-DC converters with active power factor correction (PFC) are replacing uncontrolled diode rectification circuits on commercial jet airplanes in order to meet harmonic distortion limits imposed by new airborne electrical system power quality standards. The high line frequency of airborne AC power systems presents a major challenge for the design of PFC converters capable of meeting these standards. This paper investigates a new source of harmonic current distortion and the resulting system power quality problems related to dynamic interactions between PFC converters and the AC source. Experimental results are first presented to demonstrate the existence of such interactions and their effects on system power quality. Analytical and numerical simulation results are then presented to explain why such dynamic interactions can lead to significantly increased harmonic current distortion in steady state operation. Elimination of undesirable system interactions through proper damping of the PFC converter input filter is also presented and its effectiveness experimentally validated.     

Direct drive options for electric propulsion systems

Power processing units (PPUs) in an electric propulsion system provide many challenging integration issues. The PPU must provide power to the electric thruster while maintaining compatibility with all of the spacecraft power and data systems. Inefficiencies in the power processor produce heat, which must be radiated to the environment in order to ensure reliable operation. Although PPU efficiencies are generally greater than 0.9, heat loads are often substantial. This heat must be rejected by thermal control systems which generally have specific masses of 15-30 kg/kW. PPUs also represent a large fraction of the electric propulsion system dry mass. Simplification or elimination of power processing in a propulsion system would reduce the electric propulsion system specific mass and improve the overall reliability and performance. A direct drive system would eliminate all or some of the power supplies required to operate a thruster by directly connecting the various thruster loads to the solar array. The development of concentrator solar arrays has enabled power bus voltages in excess of 300 V which is high enough for direct drive applications for Hall thrusters such as the Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT). The option of solar array direct drive for SPTs is explored to provide a comparison between conventional and direct drive system mass     

270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electric power generating system technologydemonstrator

The approach, system architecture, instrumentation, and performance of a technology demonstrator system for the application of 270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electrical power generation and distribution to future military aircraft are examined. The design has focused on assembling a highly flexible test system. The loads are typical of those in a hybrid electrical system. The system consists of a single 3-phase, 115-VAC electrical generator whose output is rectified, filtered, and supplied through DC contactors to both a 270-VDC load bus and to the input of an inverter, which supplies a 400-Hz, 115-VAC load bus. A variable-frequency, 115-VAC bus is also available directly from the generator. A prototype variable-speed constant-frequency 120-kVA generator is used. The test facility is designed to provide loads to all power types capable of being produced by the system. The system has provided particularly good insight into various aspects of 270-VDC/115-VAC hybrid systems and their components     

同步发电机整流系统带恒功率负载的稳定性分析

 在现代飞行器电源系统负载中,功率变换器和电动机驱动装置大量增加,所表现出的负阻抗特性对系统稳定性产生十分重要的影响。采用状态空间平均法对同步发电机整流系统带恒功率负载(CPL)的稳定性进行了分析研究。建立了同步发电机整流系统同时带阻性负载和恒功率负载时的小信号数学模型,通过讨论负载参数对系统稳定性的影响,得到系统带恒功率负载时的极限值和稳定工作区域,所设计的串联校正环节在一定程度上改善系统响应快速性的同时,使系统的相角裕度增加了53°,有效地提高了系统的稳定性。     

激光器驱动干涉型光纤陀螺光源相位调制技术研究

激光器驱动干涉型光纤陀螺的优点是潜在精度高、标度因数稳定性好等,在飞机、舰船惯性导航以及其他高性能领域具有广泛的应用前景。当然,干涉型光纤陀螺采用高相干光源面临诸多技术挑战,如相干瑞利散射、Kerr效应、偏振交叉耦合、Faraday效应等引起的漂移和噪声。采用宽线宽激光器可以抑制这些误差。针对激光器驱动干涉型光纤陀螺中加宽激光器线宽、降低激光器相干性的几种相位调制技术以及线宽加宽抑制噪声的效果进行了理论分析和评估。     

超声振动切削对耦合颤振的影响

以耦合颤振为研究对象,通过理论分析和实验测量,研究了超声振动切削(UVC)方法对其影响及机理。超声振动切削可以通过控制系统能量摄入抑制耦合颤振。一方面,确定系统发生耦合颤振具有临界能量阀值,系统摄入能量为瞬时切削功率在净切削时间内的积分;建立的临界切削深度模型,表明超声振动切削可以增大临界切深,这表示系统具有更大的切削功率阀值,其原因是超声振动切削方法净切削时间减少,从而在一定切削时间内维持系统能量摄入总量不变,保证切削系统的稳定。另一方面,在相同条件下,超声振动切削可以有效降低平均切削力,减少系统摄入的能量,从而减弱耦合颤振的振动幅度,对其进行抑制。使用自行研制的弱刚度镗杆进行了对比实验,实验结果表明:超声振动切削可以增大临界切削深度且临界切深与占空比成反比;在相同条件下减小了系统振动幅度,获得了更好的加工质量。     

普通高校党政管理干部队伍建设的思考

当前我国高校党政管理干部队伍存在的主要问题是：干部队伍数量偏大，人浮于事；干部素质参差不齐，且不注意加强学习；缺乏符合高校特点的考核评价机制，激励不足。对此，文章提出了三点改进措施：加强管理干部队伍数量建设，使其与学校规模、在校学生人数相匹配；重视干部队伍质量建设，努力提高其政治素质、管理水平和个人修养，形成自我加压、积极进取的氛围；建立健全考核评价机制，通过考核和考核结果的使用，营造“公开、平等、竞争、择优”的用人环境，促使干部队伍自觉朝着提高工作绩效和工作水平的方向发展。     

Investigation of rotor control system loads

This paper concentrates on the aeroelasticity analysis of rotor blade and rotor control systems. A new multi-body dynamics model is established to predict both rotor pitch link loads and swashplate servo loads. Two helicopter rotors of UH-60A and SA349/2, both operating in two critical flight conditions, high-speed flight and high-thrust flight, are studied. The analysis shows good agreements with the flight test data and the calculation results using CAMRAD II. The mechanisms of rotor control loads are then analyzed in details based on the present predictions and the flight test data. In high-speed conditions, the pitch link loads are dominated by the integral of blade pitching moments, which are generated by cyclic pitch control. In high-thrust conditions, the positive pitching loads in the advancing side are caused by high collective pitch angle, and dynamic stall in the retreating side excites high-frequency responses. The swashplate servo loads are predominated by the rotor pitch link loads, and the inertia of the swashplate has significant effects on high-frequency harmonics of the servo loads.     

企业盈余管理行为分析

企业盈余管理是公司管理当局为实现自身效用或公司价值最大化等目的，进行会计政策的选择，从而调节公司盈余的行为。企业治理结构的缺陷、会计准则的不完善和会计信息的不对称为企业会计政策的自由选择提供了可操作的空间，相应的，它们也逻辑地构成了盈余管理的前提条件。企业盈余管理是客观存在的，我们既不能对它放任自流也不能完全杜绝。正确的做法应该是，在完善具体会计准则和信息披露制度的同时，加强外部监督，主要是证券监督管理部门的监督和外部审计监督。     

火箭发动机喷管非定常侧向力和流固耦合研究进展

为了提高现代火箭的运载性能,发动机趋于采用大面积比喷管。然而,大面积比喷管由于低空高背压会产生过膨胀现象,导致喷管内部流动分离的非定常和非对称特性,并且发生显著的侧向载荷问题,巨大的侧向载荷又引起喷管的流固耦合现象。总结了喷管流动分离的研究现状,阐述了不同时期喷管侧向载荷的研究目标及成果,并分析了引起喷管侧向载荷的因素。在侧向载荷分析基础上,进一步分析了喷管流固耦合问题的研究进展及方法,最后指出了所存在的科学问题,剖析了喷管侧向载荷设计的关键力学问题,并对今后喷管侧向力问题的研究方向提出了设想。     

Tangling and instability effect analysis of initial in-plane/out-of-plane angles on electrodynamic tether deployment under gravity gradient

The space debris occupies the orbit resources greatly, which seriously threats the safety of spacecraft for its high risks of collisions. Many theories about space debris removal have been put forward in recent years. The Electro Dynamic Tether (EDT), which can be deployed under gravity gradient, is considered to be an effective method to remove debris in low orbit for its low power consumption. However, in order to generate sufficient Lorentz force, the EDT needs to be deployed to several kilometers, which increases the risks of tangling and the instability of the EDT system. In the deployment process, different initial in-plane/out-of-plane angles, caused by direction error at initial release or the initial selection of ejection, affect the motion of EDT system seriously. In order to solve these problems, firstly, this paper establishes the dynamic model of the EDT system. Then, based on the model, safety metrics of avoiding tangling and assessing system stability during EDT deployment stage are designed to quantitatively evaluate the EDT system security. Finally, several numerical simulations are established to determine the safety ranges of the initial in-plane/out-of-plane angles on the EDT deployment.     

无人机地面控制站 应急电源逆变控制系统设计

为了给地面控制站提供安全可靠的应急电源,文章主要根据由DSP数字技术+脉宽调制SPWM驱动+IGBT+隔离滤波为一体化设计发展起来的一个新型UPS电源系统,并对逆变控制系统进行了硬件和软件设计。通过对控制系统的仿真验证,得出所需的稳定的三相交流电,说明该电源逆变控制系统可以为无人机地面控制站提供安全可靠的应急电源。