航空航天用多功能SiC/Al复合材料研究进展(英文)

Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction （55%-57%） of SiC particles are produced with the new pressureless infiltration fabrication technology. X-ray detection and microscopic observation display the composites which are macroscopically homogeneous without porosity. The investigation further reveals that the SiC/Al composites possess low density （2.94 g/cm^3）, high elastic modulus （220 GPa）, prominent thermal management function as a result of low coefficient of thermal expansion （8 × 10^4 K^-1） and high thermal conductivity （235 W/（m.K）） as well as unique preventability of resonance vibration. By adopting a series of developed techniques, the multi-functional SiC/Al composites have managed to be made into near-net-shape parts. Many kinds of precision components of space-based optomechanical structures and airborne optoelectronic platform have been turned out. Of them, several typical products are being under test in practices.     

微量Al 掺杂对2D C/ SiC 性能的影响

以二维编织碳纤维碳布为预制体,采用聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)为聚合物前驱体,应用化学气相渗透(CVI)结合聚合物浸渗-裂解(PIP)工艺制备微量Al掺杂2D C/SiC复合材料。研究微量Al掺杂对C/SiC微观结构、力学、热膨胀和氧-乙炔焰烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明:掺杂微量Al未改变C/SiC的微观结构和热膨胀性能,也未降低其韧性和强度;但微量Al掺杂提高了C/SiC的抗烧蚀性能,含微量Al的SiC氧化形成微量Al熔于SiO2的固熔体,微量Al提高了SiO2的黏度和致密度,减小SiO2挥发,较未掺杂Al的C/SiC相比,线烧蚀率降低了26%。     

界面相对3D-C/SiC复合材料热膨胀性能的影响

利用减压化学气相浸渗（LPCVI）技术制备了3D C/SiC复合材料,从热解碳（PyC）界面相厚度对界面结合强度和热应力的影响出发,研究了界面相对复合材料热膨胀性能的影响。结果表明:①界面相厚度对3D C/SiC复合材料热膨胀性能的影响主要归因于其对界面结合强度和脱黏面上的滑移阻力的影响。在一定厚度范围（约70～220nm）内,材料的热膨胀系数随热解碳厚度的增加而逐渐降低;②热处理可提高材料的热稳定性,并通过改变材料内部结构,使热应力重新分布,对复合材料的高温热膨胀产生显著影响,但是,并没有改变基体裂纹的愈合温度（900℃）。     

SiCp/Al复合材料在太阳电池阵展开机构上的应用

介绍了SiCp/Al复合材料的机械性能、热力学性能、加工性能，以及在太阳电池阵展开机构中的应用情况。分析认为采用SiCp/Al复合材料，充分发挥了其高比模量、高比强度和良好的耐磨性能，其管材、型材已达到了应用阶段。     

熔铝氧化渗透合成SiC_p/Al_2O_3-Al复合材料的微观结构分析

以低成本的熔铝氧化渗透合成新方法制备了SiCp/Al2 O3 Al复合材料。借助X光电子谱 (XPS)、光学金相显微镜、透射电镜 (TEM)、X射线衍射 (XRD)等手段研究了该种复合材料的微观结构 ,并分析了影响微观结构的主要因素及其影响规律。结果表明 ,Al2 O3 和Al作为复合材料基体呈双连续分布 ,它们各自的含量可在较大范围内受SiC颗粒的粒度所控制。在熔铝氧化渗透合成的SiCp/Al2 O3 Al复合材料中 ,各组成相之间无界面反应 ,也无晶间相 ,Al2 O3 在SiC颗粒表面二次形核并直接生长的现象普遍存在 ,并由此形成了具有良好物理冶金结合的Al2 O3 SiC一体化陶瓷骨架     

碳化硅纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的发展现状及其在航空发动机上的应用

碳化硅纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC/SiC CMC)具有低密度、高强高模、耐高温抗氧化、抗蠕变、抗热冲击、耐腐蚀、材料热膨胀系数小等性能优点,在航空发动机上具有巨大的应用潜力。从碳化硅纤维、制备工艺、界面相和涂层等方面综述了国内外SiC/SiC CMC的发展现状,并基于SiC/SiC CMC的性能特点对其在航空发动机燃烧室火焰筒、混合器、涡轮罩环/静子叶片/转子叶片、喷管调节片等热端部件上的应用情况进行了介绍。     

Simulation of temperature distribution and discharge crater of SiCp/Al composites in a single-pulsed arc discharge

SiC_p/Al composites are difficult-to-cut materials. In recent years, electrical arc discharge machining has been developed to improve the machinability of these materials. However, there is a big challenge to build a satisfactory heat transfer model of SiC_p/Al composites in the arc machining. This is not only because of the material property difference between the reinforcement and matrix material but also because of the micro-dimension SiC reinforcements. This paper established a new heat conduction simulation model considering the SiC particle-Al matrix interface and the phase change effects in a single-pulsed arc discharge of SiC_p/Al composites. A novel SiC particle-Al matrix cell geometric model was designed firstly. Then, the temperature distribution at a different depth from the workpiece surface was analyzed, the influence of sic volume fraction on temperature field was studied, and the contribution of the interface thermal resistance and latent heat were explained. To demonstrate the validity of the new numerical model, comparisons and verifications were employed. Finally, the method of improving the model was proposed and the machining mechanism of arc discharge of SiC_p/Al matrix materials was discussed. It was found that high temperature is prone to concentrate on the surface layers of the workpiece especially when the SiC fraction is high, also, the temperature fluctuates respectively at the evaporation point of aluminum and SiC, and the SiC-Al resistance has less influence on temperature distribution compared to latent heat, etc. The model build in this work improves the simulation accuracy observably compared to the previous model, and the simulation work will help to acquire a detailed mechanism of material removal of SiC_p/Al composites in the arc discharge machining.     

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

C／SiC复合材料与CVDSiC涂层的结合性能研究

采用先驱体转化法(PIP方法)制备C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料,通过调整多孔预制件的体积密度制备出不同组分比的C/SiC复合材料。结果显示,C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数随着复合材料中SiC含量的增加而增加,其与CVDSiC涂层之间的热匹配也相应增加,通过CVI方法制备梯度过渡层,在C/SiC复合材料表面制备出致密度较高的CVDSiC涂层。     

C/ SiC 材料在国外空间光学系统上的应用

C/SiC复合材料具有高的比强度、低的热变形敏感度以及在高低温环境下的适应性,这使其成为目前最具前途的空间光学系统应用材料.本文总结了国外一些国家C/SiC的制备方法及其在空间技术上的具体应用.     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料高温压缩界面研究

采用无压浸渗制备出高体积分数SiCp/Al多功能复合材料。对该复合材料进行了高温(高于基体熔点)压缩实验。利用XRD和TEM观察了SiCp/Al复合材料的界面结构,分析了高温压缩对复合材料界面的影响,研究了复合材料的复合机理。结果表明:高温压缩后的SiCp/Al复合材料的界面过渡层连续且厚度均匀,过渡层宽度减小了一个数量级;复合材料SiCp/Al界面结合机制包括扩散、位向和反应结合机制,复合材料SiCp/Al界面的这些结合机制,导致了增强相与基体之间很强的界面结合;复合材料的断裂方式为颗粒断裂,SiC增强颗粒与Al基体结合良好。     

SiCp/Al复合材料加工损伤及刀具优选研究进展

SiC_p/Al复合材料中增强相SiC颗粒的存在降低了该材料的加工性能,使得其切削加工时产生一系列加工损伤。本文综述了SiC_p/Al复合材料的加工缺陷类型、缺陷形成机理、缺陷控制策略和切削刀具的磨损机理与优选策略,并对今后SiC_p/Al复合材料加工损伤研究进行了展望。     

液相法制造C/Al复合材料

 采用液相浸渗法制造C/Al复合材料,研究了液相浸渗工艺参数对复合材料浸渗过程和组织性能的影响。液相浸渗压力是浸渗工艺的保证,纤维预热温度是关键。实验取得C(SiC)/Al复合材料液相浸渗最优工艺条件,所获得的复合材料抗拉强度高达908MPa.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

加热方式对C／SiC复合材料结构与性能的影响

利用化学气相浸渗法制备了 C/ Si C复合材料 ,研究了两种加热方式 (电阻加热和中频感应加热 )下 Si C沉积物形貌、沉积机制以及复合材料结构和性能。结果表明 :电阻加热时沉积单元为高温熔滴 ,Si C沉积物为卵石形貌 ;感应加热时沉积单元为 Si C固体粒子 ,Si C沉积物为粒状形貌。电阻加热时高温熔滴易于渗入纤维束内部 ,复合材料结构均匀 ,致密度高 ;而感应加热时 Si C固体粒子多以团聚体的形式沉积在纤维束表面 ,难于渗入纤维束内部 ,复合材料结构均匀性差 ,难以致密。沉积机制的差异导致两种复合材料的结构差异 ,使得复合材料的力学性能不同 ,电阻加热时复合材料弯曲强度、断裂韧性和断裂功较高 ;感应加热时复合材料性能较低     

高体积分数颗粒预制件及其复合材料的制备

研究了高体积分数颗粒预制件制备工艺及其对复合材料复合质量的影响。用超声分散工艺获得了不同粒径颗粒分布均匀的预制件。用单一粒径多种粒径制成的预制件的最大体积分数分别为５３％和６６％。采用改进的压力浸渗工艺制备了宏观、微观质量较好的ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ复合材料。     

SiC颗粒影响SiCp／Cu复合材料物理性能的研究

运用多元回归分析方法,研究了ＳｉＣ颗粒含量、粒度及纯度对ＳｉＣｐ／Ｃｕ复合材料热膨胀系数和导热率的影响规律。研究表明,影响材料热膨胀系数和导热率的主要因素为ＳｉＣ颗粒含量。随着ＳｉＣ颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的热膨胀系数和导热率降低;ＳｉＣ颗粒越小,热膨胀系数越低,而导热率越好;适当增加杂质含量有利于获得较高的导热率。     

单向C/SiC复合材料热残余应力数值模拟研究

连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料制备过程中因纤维与基体线胀系数失配会产生热残余应力,从而导致纤维脱粘、基体开裂等现象,严重影响复合材料力学性能。本文针对CVI工艺制备的单向C/SiC复合材料,建立"纤维-界面-基体"单胞物理模型,基于细观力学分析方法对热残余应力分布规律进行预测,采用ABAQUS对材料制备过程进行数值模拟,揭示了界面厚度、纤维体积分数、制备温度等参数对纤维、基体热残余应力分布的影响规律,分析了热残余应力对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果能够为C/SiC复合材料的设计、分析及微纳力学性能试验提供理论支持。     

铝基复合材料在惯性导航仪表中的应用分析

根据惯性仪表的特性，对技术较成熟的碳化硅增强铝基复合材料的稳定性、精密加工性能等进行了分析。指出该材料在惯性仪表中应用的技术条件已经成熟。     

CVI工艺对CVI—SiC基体及C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

通过SEM和XRD分析研究了在不同条件下反应生成的SiC基体的微观结构和组分。结果表明，反应温度对沉积SiC晶体的取向有很大的影响，温度在1100℃以下沉积SiC为单一取向(111)(2θ≈35°)面，温度在1100℃以上，沉积SiC主要有两种取向(111)面和(220)(2θ≈60°)面，还有少量的(311)(2θ≈70°)面。不同条件下生成的SiC晶粒的堆积方式有所不同，这直接影响了SiC基体的性能，从而影响了其复合材料的性能。此外反应气体流量也对SiC基体和复合材料性能有很大影响。本文进行了沉积温度和气体流量对SiC基体性能影响的研究，优化了CVI—SiC工艺。