基于鲁棒协同控制方法的多航天器交会问题

提出一种解决多航天器交会问题的协同控制算法。首先应用图论中邻接矩阵及拉普拉斯矩阵的定义及其相关性质,描述了多航天器之间的通信拓扑关系;其次对目标航天器轨道为椭圆形情况下的交会问题进行构建,并设计了相应的协同控制算法;最后利用李雅普诺夫函数证明该系统的稳定性,并且能够保证消耗的能量最优以及最大推力受限。仿真实验表明:提出的方法可以实现多航天器的协同交会,验证了该方法的有效性。     

非合作机动目标交会的相对位置控制

研究目标航天器存在机动的情况下追踪航天器与目标航天器的交会问题.只利用两航天器之间的相对位置测量信息,考虑目标机动、外部干扰以及状态耦合,提出一种改进的特征压缩方式并建立相应的解耦特征模型,基于该特征模型设计解耦的自适应控制方法实现追踪航天器与机动目标航天器的交会.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性,并表明其优于传统的PD控制方法.     

连续常值推力机动分析与应用

连续常值推力机动是空间飞行常用的轨道机动方式。其中,小推力适合于地球轨道航天器交会机动,而切向或周向推力以及较大的正径向推力可用于脱离地球引力场的逃逸飞行,执行星际交会使命。应用常推力作用下的质心运动方程,对机动推力的量值没有限制;在航天器交会应用中,对相对距离也无要求。这种方法可直接获得向径、轨道速度等参数随时间或极角(绕地心的转动角)的变化,便于分析轨道转移与逃逸运动,有助于飞行使命与运动轨迹的设计。特别是,若机动转移的初轨为圆轨道,在推力较小、飞行时间不长的情况下,应用量纲1形式的运动方程,可获得具有工程应用价值的近似解。     

飞行器轨道交会的H_∞次优控制问题

研究了近圆轨道上两个飞行器轨道交会的控制问题。通过对最优控制理论设计最优交会轨线的研究 ,提出了利用 H∞控制理论设计实际控制器的方法 ,给出了仿真结果 ,验证了这种方法的正确性。说明了该方法具有鲁棒的控制效果以及次优的轨道特性。     

组合体航天器姿态的智能自适应控制方法

研究了交会对接后组合体航天器构型变化带来的姿态控制问题,对执行机构在控制量受限时的控制能力进行了分析,应用基于特征模型的智能自适应控制方法,设计了能适用于不同构型的姿态控制器,分别对组合体在直线构型和L构型对接情况下进行了数学仿真,仿真结果验证了智能自适应控制方法可行并且具有一定的优越性。     

航天器交会远程快速自主制导方法

针对近地近圆轨道航天器交会任务,设计了基于经典轨道要素的远程快速自主制导算法.对于任意初始纬度幅角偏差的远程导引,通过建立纬度幅角偏差与半长轴偏差的关系,将远程导引段分为初始轨道飞行、调相轨道飞行和调整轨道飞行3个阶段.初始轨道飞行进行轨道共面修正和调相机动;在调相轨道飞行期间,进行自然调相以及调相轨道到调整轨道的机动;调整轨道飞行阶段进行追踪航天器的远地点高度和近地点高度的修正,以及再次共面修正.所有变轨机动都以制导脉冲的形式给出,并都在轨道特殊点执行.精确轨道仿真验证了远程快速自主接近制导算法的可行性.     

Deorbiter CubeSat mission design

This paper presents the mission design for a CubeSat-based active debris removal approach intended for transferring sizable debris objects from low-Earth orbit to a deorbit altitude of 100 km. The mission consists of a mothership spacecraft that carries and deploys several debris-removing nanosatellites, called Deorbiter CubeSats. Each Deorbiter is designed based on the utilization of an eight-unit CubeSat form factor and commercially-available components with significant flight heritage. The mothership spacecraft delivers Deorbiter CubeSats to the vicinity of a predetermined target debris, through performing a long-range rendezvous maneuver. Through a formation flying maneuver, the mothership then performs in-situ measurements of debris shape and orbital state. Upon release from the mothership, each Deorbiter CubeSat proceeds to performing a rendezvous and attachment maneuver with a debris object. Once attached to the debris, the CubeSat performs a detumbling maneuver, by which the residual angular momentum of the CubeSat-debris system is dumped using Deorbiter’s onboard reaction wheels. After stabilizing the attitude motion of the combined Deorbiter-debris system, the CubeSat proceeds to performing a deorbiting maneuver, i.e., reducing system’s altitude so much so that the bodies disintegrate and burn up due to atmospheric drag, typically at around 100 km above the Earth surface. The attitude and orbital maneuvers that are planned for the mission are described, both for the mothership and Deorbiter CubeSat. The performance of each spacecraft during their operations is investigated, using the actual performance specifications of the onboard components. The viability of the proposed debris removal approach is discussed in light of the results.     

Optimal guidance and collision avoidance for docking with the rotating target spacecraft

The guidance and control strategy for spacecraft rendezvous and docking are of vital importance, especially for a chaser spacecraft docking with a rotating target spacecraft. Approach guidance for docking maneuver in planar is studied in this paper. Approach maneuver includes two processes: optimal energy approach and the following flying-around approach. Flying-around approach method is presented to maintain a fixed relative distance and attitude for chaser spacecraft docking with target spacecraft. Due to the disadvantage of energy consumption and initial velocity condition, optimal energy guidance is presented and can be used for providing an initial state of flying-around approach process. The analytical expression of optimal energy guidance is obtained based on the Pontryagin minimum principle which can be used in real time. A couple of solar panels on the target spacecraft are considered as obstacles during proximity maneuvers, so secure docking region is discussed. A two-phase optimal guidance method is adopted for collision avoidance with solar panels. Simulation demonstrates that the closed-loop optimal energy guidance satisfies the ending docking constraints, avoids collision with time-varying rotating target, and provides the initial velocity conditions of flying-around approach maneuver. Flying-around approach maneuver can maintain fixed relative position and attitude for docking.     

Optimal spacecraft rendezvous using the combination of aerodynamic force and Lorentz force

This paper presents a propellantless spacecraft rendezvous method by using the optimal combination of aerodynamic force and Lorentz force. Aerodynamic force is provided by the rotations of the plates attached to the spacecraft, and Lorentz force is achieved by modulating spacecraft's electrostatic charge. Considering the limitation of the charging level of the spacecraft and physical constraints of the plates system, an optimal open-loop rendezvous trajectory is designed, which aims to minimize the energy consumed to actuate the hybrid system. The rotation rates of the plates and the electrostatic charge are constrained in the optimization problem, which is solved via the Gauss pseudospectral method. To track the open-loop trajectory in the presence of external perturbations, a novel adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is designed. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov-based method. Several numerical examples are conducted to verify the validity of both the open-loop and closed-loop control strategy.     

常推力作用下飞行器固定时间最优交会

研究了在常推力作用下,两个空间飞行器的固定时间最省燃料交会问题。通过对飞行器交会过程中最优推力弧段的研究,给出了关于飞行器的最优推力弧段的几个性质。这些结果为空间飞行器交会对接的工程设计提供了理论依据。     

空间交会策略回顾及自主快速交会方案研究

介绍了已实施的几种典型的空间交会策略.通过分析现在的2~3d交会方案以及国外最新发展的4圈快速交会方案,总结了实现快速交会所要解决的主要技术问题.针对中国空间交会技术的发展需求,提出了一种自主快速交会方案.对比现有的4圈快速交会方案,该方案所允许的追踪航天器和目标航天器的初始相位角范围大大增加,但燃料消耗基本保持不变,这对开展实际工程有较好的指导意义.     

天舟二号货运飞船全相位自主快速交会对接技术和在轨验证

介绍天舟二号货运飞船全相位自主快速交会对接技术和在轨飞行结果.介绍21世纪以来交会对接发展的两个趋势：自主和快速；给出天舟二号货运飞船全相位自主快速交会对接方案，以及主要技术特点；给出天舟二号货运飞船5~8 h飞控实施方案和推迟一天发射的飞控实施方案，以及在轨执行效果.天舟二号货运飞船入轨自主快速交会对接是世界上首次进行的全自主快速交会对接任务，为我国空间站工程后续任务奠定了坚实的技术基础.     

天宫一号目标飞行器GNC分系统容错策略设计

天宫一号目标飞行器是中国研制的新一代专门用于交会对接的大型载人航天器.为保证其长期在轨安全可靠运行,顺利完成与载人飞船的交会对接任务,以及单体飞行和组合体飞行期间的姿态和轨道控制任务,要求GNC分系统设计充分的容错策略.对GNC分系统软硬件平台进行介绍,对敏感器、执行机构以及控制器的软硬件容错策略进行详述.该策略在实际应用中得到验证,结果表明设计合理,可以有效提高GNC分系统的系统性能和可靠性.     

航天器控制若干技术问题的新进展

航天器姿态和轨道控制技术是航天器研制中的关键技术,对实现复杂航天器的控制以及未来复杂的飞行任务都具有非常重要的作用。文中通过一些飞行实例概述国内外航天器控制技术的发展,论述了航天器控制技术在编队飞行、自主交会与对接和复杂对象控制中的进展。文章通过揭示航天器控制技术领域的研究和发展趋势,为我国航天器制导、导航与控制技术的发展提出建议。     

空间交会中多圈Lambert变轨算法研究

用两个位置和飞行时间来决定轨道的问题 ,即Gauss问题 ,是航天动力学中的一个基本问题。而Lambert交会问题是Gauss问题在航天器空间交会领域的具体化。文中提出了一种新的算法 ,解决了航天器多圈Lambert变轨的求解问题 ,由此来寻求在飞行时间较长的情况下 ,航天器的Lambert交会燃料最优轨道 ;并由算例验证了这种算法的正确性和鲁棒性     

Lambert转移中途修正的全局概率最优策略

应用Monte-Carlo法和遗传算法的联合仿真求解Lambert转移中途修正的全局概率最优策略.首先推广限制性三体问题中求解周期性特解的微分修正算法构造出考虑J₂项摄动下的Lambert转移轨道并以此作为参考轨迹,则中途修正策略仅需针对导航误差、初始偏差修正的控制偏差等进行补偿.应用微分修正算法导出的单值矩阵,设计出3类线性和非线性中途修正策略,以适应不同的精度需要.随后应用Monte-Carlo和遗传算法的联合仿真,可以得到实现代价函数(落点误差最小)在概率意义下的最优解.与直接利用优化算法寻优需要已知各种误差量不同,得到的最优修正策略更具有普适性.     

航天器交会中的Lambert问题

应用Lagrange转移时间方程研究空间交会中的Lambert问题,包括经典Lambert问题(飞行弧段不足一圈的椭圆型轨道转移)与多圈Lambert问题(飞行圈数超过一圈的轨道转移),阐述转移轨道的几何特性与转移轨道类型,分析转移时间与转移轨道参数及变轨速度增量之间的关系。对航天器交会中常用的圆轨道之间的双冲量转移,给定转移角与转移时间,阐述最小变轨速度增量所对应的转移圈数与轨道参数的求解方法,提出满足最小变轨速度增量要求的轨道转移的图解法。对给定的初始分离角与交会时间,按最小变轨速度增量要求,确定航天器交会的初始漂移时间、双冲量轨道转移时间与终端停泊时间。     

High performance two degrees of freedom attitude control for solar sails

The purpose of this paper is to present a high performance solar sail attitude controller which uses ballast masses moving inside the sail’s booms as actuators and to demonstrate its ability of performing time efficient reorientation maneuvers. The proposed controller consists of a combination of a feedforward and a feedback controller, which takes advantage of the feedforward’s fast response and the feedback’s ability of responding to unpredicted disturbances. The feedforward controller considers the attitude dynamics of the sailcraft as well as the disturbance torque due to the center of pressure offset to the center of mass of the sailcraft. Additional disturbance torques, like those coming from the environment or from asymmetry of the spacecraft structure, are then handled by the feedback controller. Simulation performance results are finally compared against results available in the literature.     

Robust fault-tolerant saturated control for spacecraft proximity operations with actuator saturation and faults

In this paper, the motion control problem of autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target in the presence of unknown model parameters, external disturbances, actuator saturation and faults is investigated. Firstly, a nonlinear six degree-of-freedom dynamics model is established to describe the relative motion of the chaser spacecraft with respect to the tumbling target. Subsequently, a robust fault-tolerant saturated control strategy with no precise knowledge of model parameters and external disturbances is proposed by combining the sliding mode control technique with an adaptive methodology. Then, within the Lyapunov framework, it is proved that the designed robust fault-tolerant controller can guarantee the relative position and attitude errors converge into small regions containing the origin. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.     

Constant thrust fuel-optimal control for spacecraft rendezvous

In this paper, constant thrust rendezvous is studied and the optimal rendezvous time is calculated by using continuous genetic algorithm. Firstly, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, the results of the calculation of constant thrust rendezvous is founded by processing with multivariate linear regression method. Next, a new switching control law is designed based on the thrust acceleration sequence and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters.