A parallel computer architecture for continuous simulation

A parallel computer specifically designed for the solution of ordinary differential equations is described. The first version of the machine contains thirty-two processors, running in an asynchronous multiple-instruction/multiple-data mode, communicating with high-speed parallel busses. Synchronization is accomplished by a microprogrammable communication controller. A number of processors have been designed and built for the machine. The processor types offer a wide variation in solution speed and accuracy. To permit easy comparisons with analog and hybrid systems, performance is measured by finding the highest frequency sine wave which can be integrated in real time with an accuracy of 0.1% or higher. Using this performance measure the performance limit of the current machine is 2000 Hz. The structure is capable of solving systems described by differential equations up to order sixty-four at these performance limits     

A Comparison of Numerical Methods for Solving Optimal Control Problems

Linear systems with quadratic performance criteria typically lead to two-point boundary value problems. The numerical solution of such problems is often difficult because of roundoff and truncation errors. In this paper numerical methods for digital computer solutions are considered for a system described by a given second-order linear differential equation and the results are compared. The results show that where accurate analytic solutions cannot be obtained, the invariant imbedding technique yields more accurate results, for a given integration grid interval, than the other methods considered.     

多余度飞控计算机系统分级组合可靠性建模方法

系统可靠性是决定飞机飞控计算机系统(FCCS)体系结构选型的重要依据,可靠性建模技术(SRMT)是定量评价系统可靠性的关键。目前有可靠性框图(RBD)、故障树分析(FTA)、Markov随机过程和Petri网等多种系统可靠性建模方法,由于求解的途径不同,各种方法都具有优缺点。文章综合静态和动态系统可靠性建模方法特点,提出一种分类划分和分级组合的系统可靠性建模(HCRM)方法,并用该方法对Boe-ing777飞机非相似余度FCCS进行了可靠性建模。与传统方法比较,该方法将基于状态的可靠性建模方法和非状态可靠性建模方法进行组合,并基于系统静态和动态特性分级建模和求解,在一定程度上化解了复杂系统可靠性建模的复杂度和求解难度,使系统可靠性模型更加精细和符合实际系统。     

跨音速粘流的计算

 概述了一种采用粘流/无粘流相互作用原理计算跨音速粘流的方法。采用熵修正激波算子计及跨越激波时的熵增,形成的非等熵位势方法可比传统的位势方法更准确地计算无粘流动。提出了一种流向速度型,结合其它辅助关系式导出了三维湍流边界层积分方程反方法。用此方法可求得粘流解。利用半反耦合方式耦合了无粘流和粘流解。数值算例表明,计算结果与实验结果吻合;且对计算机的要求较低。     

计划网络图的双向分割设计法

 <正> 1.前言 近几年来,计算机辅助设计网络图的研究工作获得了很大进展,实用的计算机软件也相继出现。当前的发展方向是如何利用微机进行大型网络图(作业数目在500个以上)的设计和如何简化绘图工作中的修改程序、优化网络图的绘制方法。为了解决这一问题,研制了网络图的分割设计法,即把一个大的作业分析表分割成几个独立的部分,分别设计成子图,再由子图拼接成整图的设计方法。     

A study of flight-critical computer system recovery from spaceradiation-induced error

It is well known that space radiation, containing energetic particles such as protons and ions, can cause anomalies in digital avionics onboard satellites, spacecraft, and aerial vehicles flying at high altitude. Semiconductor devices embedded in these applications become more sensitive to space radiation as the features shrink in size. One of the adverse effects of space radiation on avionics is a transient error known as single event upset (SEU). Given that it is caused by bit-flips in computer memory, SEU does not result in a damaged device. However, the SEU induced data error propagates through the run-time operational flight program, causing erroneous outputs from a flight-critical computer system. This study was motivated by a need for a cost-effective solution to keep flight-critical computers functioning after SEU occurs. The result of the study presents an approach to recover flight-critical computer systems from SEU induced error by using an identity observer array. The identity observers replicate the state data of the controller in distinct data partitions. The faulty controller can be recovered by replacing data image of the faulty data partition with that of the healthy data partition. The methodology of applying such an approach from the fault tolerant control perspective is presented. The approach is currently being tested via computer simulation     

翼型和叶栅前后缘局部流场的新精化解法

本文提出一种利用前后驻点自动定位来求前后缘局部流场精化解的方法 ,即在全流场解的基础上 ,把局部流场解分为两部分的叠加 ,其中之一是驻点邻区的近似解析解 ,它吸收了原解中变化急剧的部分 ,使剩余部分成为变化比较平缓、具有更好的解析性态的分布 ,因而易于求准确。算例表明 ,本文方法为提高亚声绕统计算精度 ,特别是带攻角绕流工况 ,提供了有效的手段 ,本文思想也可同变分差分法结合应用     

某导航计算机系统的设计与实现

从某导航计算机系统硬件及软件的设计与实现方面,描述它的原理。重点从硬件设计与实现方面做出了阐述,对各模块内部的硬件设计与实现及各模块之间的硬件交连关系做出了详细的阐述和探讨。从而为某导航计算机系统的进一步改进和完善做了有益的铺垫。     

Effects of telecommunication media upon information sharing andteam performance: some theoretical and empirical observations

Theoretical concepts related to decision-making, group dynamics, and communication processes are reviewed. A psychological distancing model of electronic media is described. Issues related to the role of electronic media in networking decision-makers are highlighted. Several laboratory studies that show some of the effects video, audio, and computer teleconferencing can have upon group interaction patterns and productivity are described. It is found that increasing communication richness does not guarantee improved group performance. Task demands as well as individual difference factors can affect the way groups use available media. It is concluded that existing theory is not yet sophisticated enough to account for all of the results observed. A more comprehensive theory of communication processes is needed that specifically addresses group-to-group interaction processes     

A Parallel Adaptive 3D MHD Scheme for Modeling Coronal and Solar Wind Plasma Flows

A parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is described for solving the governing equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in three space dimensions. This solution algorithm makes use of modern finite-volume numerical methodology to provide a combination of high solution accuracy and computational robustness. Efficient and scalable implementations of the method have been developed for massively parallel computer architectures and high performance achieved. Numerical results are discussed for a simplified model of the initiation and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere. The results demonstrate the potential of this numerical tool for enhancing our understanding of coronal and solar wind plasma processes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On real-time pseudo-dynamic sub-structure testing: algorithm,numerical and experimental results

The real-time pseudo-dynamic sub-structure (SubPSD) test is a new procedure for dynamic testing of structures. Here, the actual test specimen is a part, i.e. sub-structure, of a larger, complex system. The main structure is simulated on a computer which is in interaction with the test rig.One possible application is the qualification test of a payload (sub-structure) mounted in a carrier rocket (computer model). Consideration of the interaction between main- and sub-structure will yield more realistic results than conventional shaking table tests. This can be a good basis for a more effective, light-weight design of the payload.An algorithm is presented, which is based on the Newmark time domain solution of the equation of motion. It uses sub-stepping instead of iteration to reach equilibrium within each time step. This algorithm and a suitable hardware allow for true real-time performance of the SubPSD test, even with oscillatory sub-structures. Numerical studies are presented which demonstrate the accuracy but also the limits of the procedure. Experimental results of a 4 d.o.f. test model are compared to the numerical results.     

Geometric Approach in Solving Inverse Kinematics of PUMA Robots

A geometric approach for deriving a consistent joint solution of a six-point PUMA1 robot is presented. The approach calls for the definition of various possible arm configurations based on the link coordinate systems and human arm geometry. These arm configurations are then expressed in an exact mathematical way to allow the construction of arm configuration indicators and their corresponding decision equations. The arm configuration indicators are prespecified by a user for finding the joint solution. These indicators enable one to find a solution from the possible four solutions for the first three joints, a solution from the possible two solutions for the last three joints. The solution is calculated in two stages. First a position vector pointing from the shoulder to the wrist is derived. This is used to derive the solution of the first three joints by looking at the projection of the position vector onto the xi-1-yi-1(i = 1,2,3) plane. The last three joints are solved using the calculated joint solution from the first three joints, the orientation matrices, and the projection of the link coordinate frames onto the xi-1-yi-1 (i = 4,5,6) plane. From the geometry, one can easily find the arm solution consistently. A computer simulation study conducted on a VAX-11/780 computer demonstrated the validity of the arm solution.     

复合材料盒段结构屈曲稳定性分析及优化技术

随着计算机科学和有限元技术的发展,屈曲稳定性问题有限元数值求解技术已经比较成熟,但是在大型飞机结构工程应用中还是由于计算量大、收敛困难而受到限制.特别是在需要反复迭代计算的优化过程中,更是受到该问题的困扰.针对飞机机翼结构中的典型盒段结构,本文研究了基于ANSYS子模型的考虑线性屈曲稳定性约束的优化方法,以及非线性数值计算技术.研究表明,在相同精度要求的条件下,位移求解模型所需网格尺寸可远大于屈曲稳定性模型.本文利用验证结论,采用网格尺寸100mm建立粗模型进行位移求解并确定危险部位,采用网格尺寸10mm建立子模型进行屈曲稳定性求解,从而完成全结构的优化设计.此方法计算效率高,在非线性屈曲稳定性求解以及优化迭代计算中优势明显.     

计算机辅助工艺过程尺寸设计

本文基于工艺过程设计中尺寸图表技术建立了用于计算机辅助工艺过程尺寸设计,称为阵-树-链的数学模型。同时构造了用于工序尺寸偏差确定及分配的算法。简单介绍在VAX11/750计算机上开发的交互式计算机辅助工艺过程尺寸设计系统CADP（Computer Aided Dimensional Planning）。     

模拟式大气仪动态响应数字仿真

本文采用通用数字计算机对模拟式大气仪动态响应进行数字仿真,比用模拟计算机进行仿真要简单、方便,而且精度也较高。从仿真的计算结果可以尽快了解系统动态响应范围,能及时确定系统中各环节设计参数是否合理,以便进行修改设计。     

三轴一体光纤陀螺定位定向系统的导航计算机设计

针对三轴一体光纤陀螺定位定向系统的设计要求,提出了基于DSP和FPGA导航计算机设计方案。主要从硬件设计和软件设计对导航计算机进行了介绍,硬件设计主要讲述导航计算机的设计原理以及DSP和FPGA芯片的选型;软件设计主要阐述了FPGA和DSP各自完成的功能,并对FPGA数据采集及处理以及导航计算机与控制显示器之间的通信进行了说明。经过系统的静态寻北试验及跑车试验验证,设计的导航计算机可满足系统的各项要求。     

WGS-84模型下时差频差半定规划定位算法

利用多颗卫星的时差频差对辐射源进行位置和速度的测量,其本质意义上是一个含有噪声项的高度非线性方程组求解问题,针对地面目标而言,可以采用基于WGS-84地球模型作为目标位置和速度约束,更进一步的增加了定位系统的复杂性。提出了一种基于半定规划(SDP)的定位解算法,将非线性方程求解问题通过适当的松弛,转化为半定优化(SDO)的问题,借助于业界较为成熟的CVX等优化软件进行定位求解,并研究了该模型条件下的克拉美罗下界(CRLB)。仿真结果表明,该算法能够较好地逼近克拉美罗下界。     

微惯性测量组合的计算机测试系统

介绍了一个微惯性测量组合(MIMU)的计算机测试系统，对该系统的结构，硬件组成、软件设计进行了描述，重点介绍了系统软件设计中的关键技术：RS232通讯测试技术、VC和Labwindows／CVI的混合编程技术、多线程技术、VC和Matlab的混合编程技术。该系统具有良好的通用性和可扩展性，基于高性能CPU和(CPLD、FPGA等技术的微惯性测量组合的测试过程可以大大提高工作效率，缩短研发周期。     

用单调相关格式计算跨音速定常和非定常翼型绕流

在跨音速非定常势流计算方面,人们一直在努力寻求处理包括激波运动的非线性问题的能力和计算效率的提高。Ballhaus和Goorjian（1977年）用交替方向隐式差分法（ADI）成功地直接求解了时间域的非定常跨音速小扰动方程（此法称为“LTRAN2”）。文献[5]引用坐标变换也做了类似LTRAN2的工作。     

计算机软、硬件系统在液压脉冲试验中的应用

详细阐述了在DOS环境和WOMDPWS环境下怎样利用工业控制计算机实现过程控制与测试，并结合液压脉冲试验论述了如何利用工控机及其接口板编制计算机测量与控制软件。