应答机转发测距调制度的特性分析与测试方法研究

针对低电平条件下应答机下行转发测距调制度下降这一现象,本文首先对应答机的不同转发测距控制模式进行了理论分析,找到了调制度的主要制约因素。比较不同控制模式的特点和调制效率,得到最佳的控制模式。针对转发调制度会随着输入信噪比的不同而变化的特性,提出了新的转发调制度测试思路,通过仿真分析找到了合理的测量点。文中的计算及分析结果对于应答机转发测距调制度指标确定和测试具有一定的参考价值。     

带通限幅器对锁相环噪声性能的影响

锁相环路中,在鉴相器前加上AGC（自动增益控制）,可以使环路性能在输入信噪比发生变化时保持稳定,带通限幅器也可以起到类似作用。尽管有一些文章对限幅器的性能作了研究,但是在PLL（锁相环）闭环条件下,鲜有文章分析其对环路噪声性能的影响。因此,文章以基本PLL环路的数学模型为基础,推导出PLL中分别加入相干AGC和带通限幅器后新的环路数学模型,以一阶PLL为例,计算和比较不同控制方式下环路相位误差均方值的变化,最后说明应当根据飞行任务的不同选择对环路更有利的控制方式。     

数字通信系统中新型自动增益控制方法设计

设计了一个新型的自动增益控制(Automatic Gain Control,AGC)方法.针对某数字通信系统的需求,所设计的AGC可以充分利用ADC量化位数,并能够处理LTE多种传输模式(TM2和TM3)信号.仿真结果表明,本AGC能够同时适用于TM2和TM3信号,能够在充分利用ADC量化位数的同时避免过饱和现象,能够准确判断输入信号功率变化状态并迅速调整,从而对稳定功率的输入信号给出恒定的增益.     

深空网伪码测距技术研究

介绍了NASA深空网所采用的伪码测距的基本原理,讨论了深空航天器应答机相干转发或再生所采用伪码序列的两种形式,对再生测距系统中的具体序列产生和相关、以及用中国剩余定理解算距离的实现方法和技术途径进行了分析,并计算分析了测距精度、捕获时间等系统关键指标,以对我国深空网的建设提供技术理论参考.     

恒定建立时间数字AGC环路设计

针对传统恒定建立时间数字AGC(自动增益控制)环路实现方式复杂、成本高的问题,基于AGC环路的对数模型,推导出AGC环路建立时间恒定的条件,提出采用线性放大器实现恒定建立时间AGC环路的方法,该方法能够在数字实现上省去传统方式的指数运算单元,降低了实现复杂度和成本。另外,对于非突跳或突跳幅度较小输入信号,利用输出信号平方检测代替对数功率检测,省去传统方式的对数运算单元,进一步降低了实现复杂度和成本。通过上述2种改进,提出了一种简单的恒定建立时间数字AGC环路设计方法。Simulink仿真证明了该设计方法的正确性。该方法应用于无线数字接收机中,能够简化设计,节约成本。     

宽带大功率超短波射频通道测试系统设计

文章根据机载超短波射频通道的性能检测需求,设计了一个射频通道测试系统,可通过无线方式来实现对射频功率等参数的检测。首先,设计了小型化宽带检测天线,利用有限元法计算出其输入阻抗后,利用"化场为路"的方法,并结合微波网络理论、电路理论计算了其传输特性;然后,采用全波分析和微波理论相结合的混合法计算了空间衰减;最后,将空间衰减和检测天线传输特性相结合,分析了射频通道的功率传输特性。在没有对实验系统进行校准的情况下,实测结果与理论结果依然达到了较高的吻合度,表明使用该测试系统可以在宽频带、大功率情况下方便、可靠地实现对射频通道的性能检测。     

COTS星载双模测控应答机基带设计与实现

提出了一种星载双模测控应答机基带设计方案,采用COTS（商用现货）器件实现,能较好解决星载功率受限和空间辐射效应引起的相关问题。测控应答机主处理器由反熔丝FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）实现,可在低功耗条件下保证最基本测控需求,解调上行DPSK（差分相移键控）信号,调制下行扩频信号;协处理器受主处理器控制,由SRAM（静态存储器）FPGA来实现,对上行扩频信号进行解扩解调。测控应答机可根据星载电源功率情况和不同测控任务切换模式,具有成本低、可靠性高、使用灵活等优势。     

高品质因子MEMS陀螺仪驱动控制方案研究

真空封装技术和高性能闭环驱动控制方案,是提高MEMS陀螺仪性能的重要措施.通过器件级真空封装技术的研究,使得MEMS陀螺仪Q值达到3000,成品率达到98％,极大地提高了MEMS陀螺仪整表的精度水平和工程化能力,在此基础上,针对高Q值陀螺仪稳幅及稳频控制的难点,设计了一种基于随动控制的自动增益控制回路(AGC),在理论...     

基于高级在轨系统的测控数传一体化方案

针对测控与数据传输信道一体化的需求,采用AOS(Advanced Orbiting System,高级在轨系统)空间链路层的等时业务,设计了一种测控数传信道一体化方案,可在上下行信道采用非相干信息帧同时传输测量信息及高速载荷数据.该方案设计了2种工作模式,模式一在上下行信道同时使用AOS传输帧,双向数据传输速率最高3 Mbit/s,测距精度优于2 m;模式二上行信道使用遥控扩频帧,可进行多站测距,抗多址干扰能力不低于15 dB,抗单频干扰能力不低于23 dB,下行信道使用AOS传输帧,最高数据传输速率3 Mbit/s,测距精度优于1 m.     

涡轴发动机双回路PI控制器多发功率匹配

为了应对多个发动机共同驱动同一直升机时,单个发动机性能衰退所引发的输出功率不平衡问题,以控制2个转子转速的双回路结构PI控制器为基础,将外回路改为直接功率控制回路,搭配能够计算旋翼在一定转速下需求功率的机载模型,构建了1种涡轴发动机多发功率平衡匹配控制系统.内回路分别采用燃气发生器转子转速控制回路和动力涡轮转子转速控制回路,得到参数不同的控制器并进行了仿真验证和对比.结果表明:所设计的双回路PI控制器能够在保证涡轴发动机动力涡轮转速恒定的同时,使性能衰退程度不同的2台发动机输出相同的功率.     

Optimum Transponder Design for Pseudonoise-Coded Ranging Systems, Weak Signals

Optimization of the bandwidth of a turnaround transponder is carried out for weak signals at the transponder receiver. Optimum transponder bandwidth is found to be around 0.77-1, where T is the period of one element of the ranging code. Linear transponders are compared with transponders having baseband limiting. Phase modulation is assumed. It is shown that, for weak signals, linear transponders are preferable for a partitioning of the transponder transmitted power giving (carrier power)/(total power) > 0.43, while baseband limiters are preferred for (carrier power)/(total power) < 0.43.     

Single Channel Per Carrier Satellite Repeater Channel Capacity

This paper analyzes the performance of a number of modulation and speech processing techniques that have been considered for single voice channel per carrier transmissions via satellite. This transmission mode is applicable to demand assignment systems, which make possible the most efficient loading of the satellite transponder in applications where the traffic at individual Earth terminals is not sufficient to justify a substantial number of dedicated channels. The analysis basically determines the operating point for the satellite transponder which minimizes the required Earth terminal G/T. The fraction of the total link noise allocated to uplink noise is treated as a parameter, so that the cost of improving G/T may be traded against the cost of providing increased Earth terminal transmitter power. Both analog and digital modulation techniques are considered, together with various practical combinations of syllabic companding, voice-actuated carriers, and error-correcting codes. The results are presented in general analytic form, applicable to any modulation technique for which carrier-to-noise density ratio, channel width, and guardband width may be specified. Curves showing required G/T as a function of the total number of voice channels per transponder are also presented for the above-mentioned signal processing techniques, assuming "CCIR/CITT type" speech quality and transponder EIRP and bandwidth typical of current domestic satellite configurations.     

测控应答机下行调制度问题的技术分析

针对应答机采用不同的接收信号功率控制方式，对下行测距调制度、残留遥控调制度以及转发噪声调制度的情况进行了理论分析，得到了各种情况下的调制度数学模型，可供读者在航天工程的测控链路设计及应答机设计时参考。     

Synchronization failure rates in master-slave synchronizedphase-locked loops

A method for the computation of synchronization failure rates in master-slave phase-synchronized first-order phase-locked loops (PLLs) is presented. The method assumes (propagation) delay times that are long compared with tracking loop time constants and allows system optimizations of the slaved PLL in terms of improved tracking performance. Frequency turnaround ratios of phase-coherent transponders are considered, and effects of the converted transponder phase jitter on the tracking performance of the slaved PLL are discussed     

Hard Limiter Performance as a Polarity Detector for Extremely Polluted Signals

A hard limiter is a simple, yet highly efficient, RF signal sensor for VLF and LF navigation receivers. The observation reliability is used as the single quality criterion for the hard limiter if applied as a singlebit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The effects of noise (Gaussian and atmospheric), nonsynchronous and synchronous interference, and dc offset on the observation reliability are described extensively. The single parameter determination Pobs is adequate for characterizing the polarity detector. This facilitates rank ordering of influences disturbing the signal and is a useful tool in optimizing digital tracking loops. The ?built-in? noise-censoring properties of the hard limiter in the presence of atmospheric noise are excellent. Therefore, three different atmospheric noise models are used in the determination of the observation reliability Pobs. Some ways for coping with other disturbances that potentially threaten the good performance of the hard limiter are suggested.     

Single Channel Per Carrier Satellite Repeater Capacity, Part 2

This paper analyzes the performance of a number of speech processing techniques that have been considered for single voice channel per carrier transmissions via satellite. This transmission mode is applicable to demand assigiment systems, which make possible the most efficient loading of the satellite transponder applications where the traffic at individual earth terminals is not sufficient to justify a substantial number of dedicated channels. The analysis basically determines the operating point for the satellite transponder which minimizes the required earth terminal G/T. Both analog and digital modulation techniques are considered, and the effects of syllabic companding and voice actuation of carriers are demonstrated. The results are presented in general analytic form, applicable to any modulation technique for which carrier-to-noise density ratio, channel width, and guardband width may be specified. Full carrier modulation is assumed. Curves are also furnished showing the required G/T and uplink per carrier EIRP as a function of the number of voice channels per transponder and the transponder gain. "CCIR/CCITT type" speech quality is assumed, together with a transponder El RP and bandwidth typical of current domestic satellite configurations.