地球空间双星探测计划的进展

扼要介绍了地球空间双星探测计划的提出和目标、地球空间双星探测工程系统的组成和特点、双星轨道飞行试验的情况。     

中国小卫星采撷

探测双星 2003年12月30日发射的中国探测1号卫星是“地球空间双星探测计划”（以下简称“双星计划”）中的第一颗星．运行在赤道轨道。2004年7月25日．“双星计划”的第二颗卫星——探测2号进入极地轨道。这两颗探测地球磁层空间的卫星分别运行于当时国际上地球空间探测卫星尚未覆盖的重要活动区．主要用于研究太阳活动、行星际磁层空间暴和灾害性地球空间天气的物理过程。     

中国"双星"闪烁太空

2003年12月28日，我国“地球空间双星探测计划”(简称“双星”计划)的第一颗卫星——探测1号卫星(又叫“赤道卫星”)发射升空。双星计划的第二颗卫星——探测2号(又叫“极轨卫星”)也将于2004年发射，并将成为我国首次飞越两极高空的空间探测卫星。这两颗     

"双星"计划首战告捷

20 0 3年12月30日,“双星”计划中的第一颗卫星———探测1号卫星在长征2号丙新改进型火箭的携带下于西昌卫星发射中心发射升空,进入地球赤道区附近的倾角2 8 5°的大椭圆轨道。“双星”计划是地球空间双星探测计划的简称。该计划由中国科学家于1997年4月正式提出。2 0 0 1年2月,“双星”计划正式启动。同年7月,中国航天局与欧洲空间局正式签署了“双星”计划的合作协议,使该计划成为第一个以中国为主的国际空间探测合作计划。“双星”计划拟利用运行于地球赤道区附近的大椭圆轨道的探测1号卫星和运行于通过地球两极地区上空的大椭圆轨道的…     

中国"双星计划"7年实施历程大事记

双星计划全称地球空间双星探测计划，它是中国第一次以自己的先进空间探测项目同发达国家从技术到应用的高层次、实质性的对等合作。该计划实施历程主要如下：     

地球空间双星探测计划

介绍了地球空间双星探测计划的由来及其在地球空间探测、科学研究以及国际合作等科学和政治意义。     

“双星”计划:中欧航天合作的标杆——“双星”项目亲历者访谈录

<正>"地球空间双星探测计划"是首个由中国科学家提出,并以中方为主的空间探测国际合作计划,也是中国和欧洲合作的第一个科学探测卫星项目。它包括两颗以大椭圆轨道绕地球运行的卫星,分别对地球近赤道区和极区两个地球空间环境变化最为重要的区域进行宽能谱粒子、高精度磁场及其波动的探测。2010年,"双星"计划-"星簇"计划(Cluster)联合团队共同获得了国际宇航科学院(IAA)杰出团队奖。今年是"双星"在轨交付用户10周年。10     

中国启动地球空间双星探测计划

中国国家航天局近日在北京宣布,“地球空间双星探测计划”正式启动。双星计划的主要科学目标是探测近地赤道区和近地极区两个近地磁层活动区的电磁场和能量粒子的时空变化规律,系统研究磁层亚暴、磁层暴和磁层粒子暴的触发机制及其对太阳活动和行星际扰动响应的全球     

中国探测双星圆满完成设计寿命期的科学和工程目标

分别于2003年12月30日和2004年7月25日发射升空的探测1号和探测2号两颗卫星，目前已经圆满完成了整个设计寿命期的科学和工程门标探测双星有力地推动了我国空间科学的跨越式发展。双旱至今工作正常，目前按照用户提出的延寿需求，设计寿命分别为18个月和12个月的两颗卫星分别完成了延长一个生命周期的可行性论证工作。这意味着探洲双星的空间寿命将分别至少还有一个设计寿命期。这是8月6日航天东方红卫星有限公司和中科院空间中心在京联合组织召开的探测双星在轨运行总结会上传出的信息。     

中国启动地球空间双星探测计划

中国国家航天局近日在北京宣布，“地球空间双星探测计划”正式启动。 双星计划的主要科学目标是探测近地赤道区和近地极区两个近地磁层活动区的电磁场和能量粒子的时空变化规律，系统研究磁层亚暴、磁层暴和磁层粒子暴的触发机制及其对太阳活动和行星际扰动响应的全球过程，建立符合实际的空间环境动态模式，研究相应的预报方法。 双星计划由一颗赤道区小卫星和一颗极区小卫星组成，这两颗卫星将运行于目前国际上地球空间探测卫星尚未覆盖的地球空间重要活动区。 该计划是由中国科学院刘振兴院士牵头提出的，中国国家航天局和中国科学院对…     

火星卫星的冻结轨道研究

冻结轨道是一种稳定的轨道,地球、火星、月球的卫星因引力场的南北不对称,都存在冻结轨道.由于主星体引力场的不同,它们卫星的冻结轨道也有不同的特性.地球卫星的冻结执道的偏心率非常小,对卫星遥感非常有利,国内外已有相当多的近地遥感卫星采用这种轨道.月球卫星的冻结轨道偏心率随轨道倾角的不同有很大的变化,对月球卫星冻结轨道的研究...     

国外空间环境试验与探测技术现状与发展趋势

文章分析了与航天器飞行有关的4类空间环境的特点;介绍了国外空间环境试验技术的现状与发展概况。文章还重点分析了未来空间环境探测的发展趋势:加强了对空间环境动态变化的探测;将星座探测摆在重要地位;以地球轨道卫星为发展的主流;利用卫星加大对空间环境探测的力度;加强国际合作。国外空间环境探测的经验表明,我国应重视发展地球轨道探测卫星,尽快提高卫星有效载荷的水平。     

Innovation and change? The evolution of Europe's small satellite manufacturers

Since the 1980s a trend has emerged to contain the cost of space missions, which has favored trials in the construction and launch of small satellites. This effort has considerably reduced the cost of the satellites because the construction process uses both traditional components and important technological innovations. There have also been market openings for small satellites, both within the telecommunication sector and for scientific missions and those related to Earth observation. This paper contains the results of a survey of the largest manufacturers of small satellites in Europe and investigates how far (if at all) they have changed the structure of the European space industry. It finds that, through the acquisition of small satellite manufacturers, traditional large companies operating in the field of space in Europe have secured for themselves important technological innovations and market opportunities, while maintaining their oligopolistic position.     

The enigma of small satellites for earth observation

Small satellites have captured a continuously increasing share of the market in the fields of science, technology and recently also in the telecommunications and Earth observation areas. User requirements and market opportunities for space based satellite systems for Earth observation products have grown substantially in the past decade. Criteria for the utilization of different classes of satellite systems (small and large) and analogies to developments in other areas, e.g. the telecommunications field are discussed. The end to end character of service and product oriented systems as key criteria for market success in the scientific, applications and commercial areas is underlined. Recent developments in the global change, the Earth observation applications and commercial sectors are reviewed and compared. Opportunities for small satellites in the field are related to technology advancements, cost reduction options, and progress in the state of the art in system design.     

Strategies and determinants for successful space technology transfer

The following paper reports the results of a research work carried from 2008 on the topic of strategies and determinants of space technology Transfer (TT). In particular, the aim of this study is to present: 1. The policies and strategies the major space agencies adopt for TT, 2. The operational mechanisms and determinants involved in the transfer of space technologies to other industrial sectors. To this extent we have conducted in the last five years: six case studies of large space agencies, four TT case studies concerning the construction of scientific satellites, two case studies focused on space to earth TT programs undertaken by the Japanese aerospace agency, and two TT case studies examining Italian space companies.The comparative and comprehensive analyses of these studies indicate that the space agencies of the more industrialized countries aim primarily at consolidating and developing the industrial systems in their own countries, which include the use of technology transfer programs, and that the transfer of space technologies follows the route “Earth–Space–Earth”. With regard to the determinants of the TT process, the most important of these correlate with the type of technology in transfer, whereas organizational, economic and financial determinants have less significance.     

Monitoring of the space system

We have performed monitoring of the space system that includes the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, and the GPS satellite group. We have discovered semi-diurnal and diurnal periodicities in the number of satellites detected as well as in the altitude, latitude and longitude by a GPS receiver. We have revealed tidal deformations related to changes in the Earth?s orientation with respect to the Moon and the Sun.     

Erdbeobachtende missionen—Anforderungen und konzepte

(Earth Observation Missions—Requirements and Concepts)—Ten years ago, on 23 July 1972. NASA launched the first satellite specifically designed for Earth observation. With Landsat 1 the importance and attractiveness of remote sensing from space increased worldwide.The paper presents in an overview former remote sensing missions with their applications and the system elements required for gathering Earth observation information. Main elements are the sensors (optical, microwave, and other instruments), the platforms (satellites, space stations, aircraft and Earth based stations) and their orbits.It is shown how these elements are interrelated and which constraints must be considered for planning an Earth observation mission. The feasibility, the amount of hard- and software, the costs, and the performance of a system are decisive for the realization of a satellite concept.Examples for different concepts investigated to date at Dornier System are given; included is the first ESA Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1, which is now under definition at Dornier System, the main contractor of ESA.     

中巴地球资源卫星成就与发展

中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS）研制始于1988年,至今已走过了20年的辉煌历程,先后成功发射了CBERS-01、02和02B三颗卫星。卫星在轨运行稳定,前两颗均超期服役,获取了大量的观测数据,并成为世界上具有一定影响的卫星系列。文章简要回顾了中巴地球资源卫星的研制历程以及在卫星平台、有效载荷、技术和工程管理等方面所取得的成就和进步,并对后续发展提出展望。     

Queuing theory application in imaging service analysis for small Earth observation satellites

The performance of Earth observation satellites is usually analyzed by real data or system simulation, which is accurate but not systematic. Modelling satellite service systems with queueing theory and analysing the performance statistics systematically will provide a useful guide in designing satellite systems. Earth observation satellites could be regarded as a two tandem server system with a finite buffer in between, providing two-stage service: image capture and image download service. In this paper, we introduce the queueing models for different service systems: the pure image capture service system, the two-stage service system with Poisson distribution download service, the pure download service system, and the two-stage system with general download service. Formulated solutions are given and some results are shown. From this work we can see queueing theory provides a good way to analyse the performance of small earth observation satellites, which is useful for system mission analysis and optimisation in design stage.