二进小波变换的多采样率滤波器组实现分析

在采用多采样率滤波器组实现二进小波变换的过程中,发现重构后的信号与原始信号相比较,除了在原始信号之前引入由滤波器组的延迟产生的0值点之外,还在原始信号之后引入了0值点。文中从时域对重构后的数据长度进行了分析,并对多采样率滤波器组的重构条件进行了深入分析。经过分析,原始信号之后引入的0值点可以从滤波器组重构条件中的抗混叠条件来作出合理的解释;另外,理想滤波器组的延迟应该和滤波器组的阶次相等。     

采样定理中高频混迭的有关问题

在采样定理的实际应用中,当采样率不够高或者所研究的信号频带不是严格限制时,就会出现混迭误差。现使用一般的方法再次研究这个经典问题。引入了称为“混迭度”的新概念。通过混迭度导出了在时域上精确计算混迭误差的定量公式。同时,误差的上限也可演绎出来。与Papoulis和Sticker的计算结果比较表明,现在的结果更加有用。     

利用自适应与同态滤波抵消话音频段数据通信中回波的方法

就话音频段数据通信中利用自适应滤波器和同态滤波器的方法消除回波干扰的基本原理进行了描述，介绍了采用ＤＳＰ技术的滤波器的设计方法，并给出了硬件实现结构。     

一种新型高选择性微带带通滤波器设计

介绍了一种通过在微带开环谐振滤波器中引入交叉耦合,产生一对传输极点,从而提高通带选择性的滤波器设计方法。讨论了这种滤波器的综合方法和实现流程。实际设计了一个六阶开环谐振滤波器,并给出了全波仿真结果。分析和仿真都表明这种滤波器具有体积紧凑、选择性高的优点。     

巴特沃兹有源滤波器设计中的灵敏度分析

通过对两种巴特沃兹有源滤波器设计方案的灵敏度分析,仿真了电路元件参数灵敏度随 Q 因数的变化规律,从而介绍了一种利用灵敏度分析比较网络设计方案优劣的方法。     

滤波器的设计与安装

分离信号，抑制干扰是滤波器的基本功能，要把电源线的传导干扰电平控制在标准规定的极限值内，安装电磁干扰滤波器是一种有效的办法。本文介绍了电源线滤波器的设计方法和安装要求，并对滤波器插入损耗的测试问题进行了探讨。     

可编程有限频率传输零点模拟滤波器设计

通过对理想低阶滤波器特性的研究,提出了采用可编程模拟器件设计具有有限频率传输零点的二阶有源滤波器的新方法,该方法设计的滤波器参数可由嵌入计算机实时计算并更新,文章中给出了模拟电路的参数及其特性曲线.     

混合型有源滤波器在开关电源中的应用

针对开关电源中存在的电磁干扰,提出了一种新的解决方法一混合有源滤波器.并对其滤波原理进行了分析,通过实验分析说明这种滤波器在处理开关电源电磁抗干扰中的可行性.     

Chebyshev模拟滤波器离散化问题分析与解决

针对高阶次、 低截止频率的Chebyshev模拟滤波器离散化发散问题,从滤波器阶次、采样步长、 截止频率、 离散化方法、 滤波器种类等方面进行了细致分析,得出定性原因,并针对该问题给出了通用解决方法.通过仿真实例和试验,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

一种数字滤波器组在动态风洞试验中的应用

在动态风洞试验中,由于机械振动、随机扰动等原因,原始试验数据均有较大扰动。为得到其中的有用信息,需利用数字滤波器对其处理。基于MATLAB实现了梳状和频率抽样两种数字滤波器,对其各自特性做了较为深入的研究和比较。最后,利用二者串行组成了滤波器组。该滤波器组已经应用于预研项目中,结果表明,该滤波器组低频和高频特性均能够有效减弱信号中的干扰和噪声,达到预期目标。在不进行降采样率处理的情况下,达到相似的滤波结果,滤波器组的滤波时间仅为频率抽样滤波器的2％左右。     

自适应滤波技术的研究

应用常规卡尔曼滤波器(KF)要求知道系统精确的数学模型和系统噪声与量测噪声的统计特性,才能获得理想的滤波效果,否则可能产生发散现象。人们越来越倾向于利用自适应滤波(AKF)技术来解决发散的问题。针对AKF技术的研究现状,本文探讨一种结构简单、实时性较强、工程上比较实用的AKF算法。仿真结果表明,这种算法具有较强的自适应性,为一种实用而有效的滤波方法。     

一种用于解决粒子滤波粒子退化现象的重要性重采样算法的研究

粒子滤波通过蒙特卡罗模拟来实现递推贝叶斯估计,在非线性非高斯系统中体现出良好的特性;但粒子滤波存在粒子退化现象的缺陷,针对这一问题,提出一种新的重采样算法,即分区重采样算法,其主要思想是根据多项式重采样与分层重采样算法的特点,把随机数区间划分成若干个区,每个区内的随机数任意排列,而区与区之间按升序排列。与目前常用的其他重采样算法相比,该方法提高了粒子滤波的平均性能,仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

A wavelet multiresolution analysis for spatio-temporal signals

The wavelet filters of the conventional 3D multiresolution analysis possess homogeneous spatial and temporal frequency characteristics which limits one's ability to match filter frequency characteristics to signal frequency behavior. Also, the conventional 3D multiresolution analysis employs an oct-tree decomposition structure which restricts the analysis of signal details to identical resolutions in space and time. This paper presents a 3D wavelet multiresolution analysis constructed from nonhomogeneous spatial and temporal filters, and an orthogonal sub-band coding scheme that decouples the spatial and temporal decomposition processes     

Filters for manufacturability in design optimization of variable stiffness composites

In the design optimization of variable stiffness composites, manufacturing constraints imposed by the automated fiber placement technology must be considered. In the present paper, two filters are proposed to address this issue, and they are incorporated into the Shepard interpolation-based design optimization framework developed in our previous studies. The fiber angle arrangement of a composite is represented by a continuous function that interpolates fiber angles at scattered design points. Two filters are appointed for each design point to deal with two typical manufacturing constraints, i.e., fiber curvature and gap/overlap. At each design point, the sensitivity is first filtered in a rectangular region around this point, and by this means the fiber curvature is controlled; then in another rectangular region around this design point, the filtered sensitivities are averaged, and the result is used to update the corresponding design variable. Several numerical examples are investigated, and the results show that the proposed method is effective.     

小波分析在外测数据滤波中的应用研究

为提高弹道估计精度,提出了一种基于小波分析的滤波方法,滤除外测数据中AR（自回归）模型的随机误差。分析讨论了滤波过程中的几个关键问题,提出了利用基于偏自相关系数截尾检验的方法来确定分解层数,然后采用GCV（广义交叉确认）准则来确定均方差意义下最优阈值的方法。本文提出的外测数据滤波方法计算简单,不需要估计噪声的方差。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效滤除外测数据中的AR噪声。     

激光脉冲法背温信号中噪声信号的滤除方法

针对激光脉冲法背温信号中存在的噪声干扰,通过频谱分析确定了噪声信号的频率范围,设计了相应的FIR数字滤波器,并对滤波后存在的残留噪声进行了递推平滑滤波.滤波前后的数据对比表明,该方法能有效滤波背温信号中的噪声.     

Poly-phase codes and optimal filters for multiple user ranging

A technique is introduced to select poly-phase codes and optimal filters of a pulse compression system that have specific temporal and frequency characteristics. In the particular problem under study, multiple vehicles are assigned unique codes and receiver filters that have nearly orthogonal signatures. Narrowband users, that act as interference, are also present within the system. A code selection algorithm is used to select codes which have low autocorrelation sidelobes and low cross correlation peaks. Optimal mismatched filters are designed for these codes which minimize the peak values in the autocorrelation and the cross correlation functions. An adjustment to the filter design technique produces filters with nulls in their frequency response, in addition to having low correlation peaks. The method produces good codes and filters for a four-user system with length 34 four-phase codes. There is considerable improvement in cross and autocorrelation sidelobe levels over the matched filter case with only a slight decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system. The mismatched filter design also allows the design of frequency nulls at any frequency with arbitrary null attenuation, null width, and sidelobe level, at the cost of a slight decrease in processing gain     

基于Busemann压升规律的可控消波内转基准流场设计

通过将经典Busemann设计方法和特征线反设计方法相结合，实现了对基准Busemann流场的气动截短，构建了一种具有基准Busemann流场截短压升规律的可控消波内转基准流场.通过数值模拟对可控消波内转基准流场及其追踪得到的“糖勺”型进气道进行了无黏验证分析.结果表明:特征线和CFD计算结果相吻合，可控消波内转基准流场设计合理可行.该基准流场继承了Busemann设计方法的高效压缩特性，且反射激波得到有效控制，基本实现消波，性能优于传统的截短Busemann流场.在设计点马赫数为7条件下，喉部截面参数均匀，增压比为18.32，总压恢复系数为0.878，压缩效率为0.936，隔离段内几乎无损失,出口气流匀直，气流角均在±0.4°以内.流线追踪得到的“糖勺”型进气道出口形状更加饱满，流动特征与可控消波内转基准流场基本一致.      

低通滤波器的阶跃响应及其对动态校准的影响

动态测试系统在利用阶跃信号进行动态校准时,系统中的低通滤波器环节所产生的衰减振荡可能会误导测试人员,特别是对于带传压管道的动态压力测试系统。仿真与测试结果表明,各种模拟低通滤波器和IIR数字低通滤波器的阶跃响应都会出现一定的衰减振荡。针对带低通滤波器的系统以及其他系统的阶跃激励校准,通过对简单FFT频响分析方法、矩形单脉冲法、冲激响应法三种方法的比较,发现矩形单脉冲法能更正确地对阶跃校准数据进行频响分析。     

Navigation system design using time-varying complementary filters

A new methodology for the design of navigation systems for autonomous vehicles is introduced. Using simple kinematic relationships, the problem of estimating the velocity and position of an autonomous vehicle is solved by resorting to special bilinear time-varying filters. These are the natural generalization of linear time-invariant complementary filters that are commonly used to properly merge sensor information available at low frequency with that available in the complementary region. Complementary filters lend themselves to frequency domain interpretations that provide valuable insight into the filtering design process. This work extends these properties to the time-varying setting by resorting to the theory of linear differential inclusions and by converting the problem of weighted filter performance analysis into that of determining the feasibility of a related set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Using this set-up, the stability of the resulting filters as well as their "frequency-like" performance can be assessed using efficient numerical analysis tools that borrow from convex optimization techniques. The mathematical background that is required for complementary time-varying filter analysis and design is introduced. Its application to the design of a navigation system that estimates position and velocity of an autonomous vehicle by complementing position information available from GPS with the velocity information provided by a Doppler sonar system is described.