航空发动机主轴轴承故障诊断

某型航空发动机的主轴轴承由于频繁出现早期失效而引起发动机故障,因此,对滚动轴承进行状态监测和故障诊断具有重要的实际意义。针对常规方法难以准确分析非平稳信号的局限性,本文研究了基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,通过滚动轴承外表面损伤的仿真信号进行小波包频谱分析,验证了基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法是可靠、准确的,可以应用于航空发动机主轴轴承的状态监测和故障诊断。     

一种改进的变记忆长度辨识算法

本文基于多分辨分析方法 ,提出了一种改进的变记忆长度的小波变换多分辨分析方法 ,该方法将辨识的数据分解到不同频段 ,然后针对各不同频段采用不同的记忆长度进行辨识 ,通过对某航空涡轮起动机系统辨识的实例 ,表明该方法可以有效地提高系统辨识的精度。     

某双转子发动机冲击振动的分频小波提取与故障分析

采用小波-时频方法对某双转子发动机地面实测数据进行了分析,得到了试车过程中系统在不同工作状态下振动的时频特征。在振动能量的时频分布图中,不同的频率区间内含有不同的冲击成份;在此基础上对信号在不同的频带进行谐波小波包分解,分解信号能量主要集中在某一个频带范围内,进一步分析可以确定系统滚动轴承失效模式。      

基于小波包分析的航空发动机轴承故障诊断

振动分析是进行滚动轴承状态监测与故障诊断的重要手段。当轴承某一元件表面出现局部损伤时,产生周期性的冲击脉冲力。因此,原来的平稳振动信号变成了非平稳振动信号。傅里叶变换在频域上是完全局部化的,但它不能提供任何时域的局部化特征,而窗口傅立叶变换尽管在时域和频域均具有一定的局部化特征,但其局部化却是固定不变的。针对常规方法难以准确分析非平稳信号的局限性,提出了基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,通过滚动轴承外表面损伤的实验信号进行小波包频谱分析,验证了基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法是可靠、准确的,可进一步应用于航空发动机主轴轴承的状态监测和故障诊断。     

A novel sparse feature extraction method based on sparse signal via dual-channel self-adaptive TQWT

Sparse signal is a kind of sparse matrices which can carry fault information and simplify the signal at the same time. This can effectively reduce the cost of signal storage, improve the efficiency of data transmission, and ultimately save the cost of equipment fault diagnosis in the aviation field. At present, the existing sparse decomposition methods generally extract sparse fault characteristics signals based on orthogonal basis atoms, which limits the adaptability of sparse decomposition. In this paper, a self-adaptive atom is extracted by the improved dual-channel tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) method to construct a self-adaptive complete dictionary. Finally, the sparse signal is obtained by the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. The atoms obtained by this method are more flexible, and are no longer constrained to an orthogonal basis to reflect the oscillation characteristics of signals. Therefore, the sparse signal can better extract the fault characteristics. The simulation and experimental results show that the self-adaptive dictionary with the atom extracted from the dual-channel TQWT has a stronger decomposition freedom and signal matching ability than orthogonal basis dictionaries, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In addition, the sparse signal extracted by the self-adaptive complete dictionary can reflect the time-domain characteristics of the vibration signals, and can more accurately extract the bearing fault feature frequency.     

A pre-generated matrix-based method for real-time robotic drilling chatter monitoring

Currently, due to the detrimental effects on surface finish and machining system, chatter has been one crucial factor restricting robotic drilling operations, which improve both quality and efficiency of aviation manufacturing. Based on the matrix notch filter and fast wavelet packet decomposition, this paper presents a novel pre-generated matrix-based real-time chatter monitoring method for robotic drilling. Taking vibration characteristics of robotic drilling into account, the matrix notch filter is designed to eliminate the interference of spindle-related components on the measured vibration signal. Then, the fast wavelet packet decomposition is presented to decompose the filtered signal into several equidistant frequency bands, and the energy of each sub-band is obtained. Finally, the energy entropy which characterizes inhomogeneity of energy distribution is utilized as the feature to recognize chatter on-line, and the effectiveness of the presented algorithm is validated by extensive experimental data. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect chatter before it is fully developed. Moreover, since both filtering and decomposition of signal are implemented by the pre-generated matrices, calculation for an energy entropy of vibration signal with 512 samples takes only about 0.690 ms. Consequently, the proposed method achieves real-time chatter monitoring for robotic drilling, which is essential for subsequent chatter suppression.     

三角翼涡破裂非定常特性实验研究

本文依据染色液流动显示结果,通过子波和频谱分析,探讨了70°三角翼前缘涡涡核轴向速度的变化规律及其子波特性、涡破裂位置的非定常特性,指出涡破裂点位置的变化属于低频高幅振荡,这主要是左右涡之间的相互作用造成的,当两个涡的时间平均涡破裂点位置彼此靠得更近时,相应的振荡就更大一些,此外本实验得到涡破裂位置振荡的折合频率在St=0.2以内.     

基于小波神经网络的复合材料损伤检测

讨论了小波变换和小波神经网络,借助小波变换良好的时频带通分层性,从各阶二进小波变换的频域中提取特征,送入小波神经网络进行学习和分类,结果表明该方法稳定可靠,在复合材料智能化研究中具有很大前景。     

基于LMD的包络谱特征值在滚动轴承 故障诊断中的应用

滚动轴承故障振动信号往往是多分量的调幅-调频信号,而传统包络分析方法需要根据经验设置滤波器的中心频率与带宽,因而会带来解调误差.基于此,提出了一种基于局域均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)的包络谱特征值的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法可以将一个多分量的调幅-调频信号分解成若干瞬时频率具有物理意义的PF (product function,简称PF )分量之和,由于每一个PF分量是分量包络信号和纯调频信号的积,因此可以直接对包络信号进行频谱分析得到包络谱.然后定义信号在包络谱中不同故障特征频率处的幅值比为包络谱特征值,并以此作为特征向量输入到支持向量机分类器中,用以区分滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型.对滚动轴承正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明了该方法的有效性.      

裂纹转子非线性振动特征的谐波小波与分形识别

通过对谐波小波的分析研究,指出了谐波小波对振动信号局部频段分析的优良特性。采用谐波小波对裂纹转子的非线性振动信号在低频段进行了分析。理论分析与实验结果表明:对实际裂纹转子信号,经谐波小波的频段分析后,能够得到通常难以由理论分析与实验结果获得的非整数倍周期分叉的非线性特征频谱。计算了裂纹转子的分形维数,发现裂纹转子的振动信号比理论结果要复杂、可以用多重分形作为判断实际转子是否有裂纹的一个特征。提出了用谐波小波变换后的奇异谱来识别裂纹转子非整数倍周期分叉的非线性特征频谱的方法,并对实际转子信号进行分析,得到了明显的非整数倍周期分叉的奇异谱。      

小波域的自适应波束形成算法

在分析传统自适应波束形成的基础上,首次提出了一种小波域的自适应波束形成算法。与通常的自适应波束形成算法相比,该算法利用小波变换对小波空间进行了分解,信号经小波变换自相关性会下降,收敛速度提高,同时在此分解过程中,根据信号与白噪声在不同尺度上的小波变换模极大值表现完全不同的特性进行信号的消噪。理论分析和仿真结果表明了该算法收敛速度较快,且计算量增加较少,易于实时实现,而且具有较好性能。同时仿真实验表明该算法收敛速度与小波基和尺度的选择有关,尺度越大收敛速度越快;对于同一小波基系列,小波基的正则性越好收敛速度越快。     

A Generalized Approach to Multiresolution Complex SAR Signal Processing

Multiresolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation has been proven to be beneficial in a variety of applications such as improved imaging and target detection as well as speckle reduction. SAR signal processing traditionally carried out in the Fourier domain has inherent limitations in the context of image formation at hierarchical scales. We present a generalized approach to the formation of multiresolution SAR images using biorthogonal shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) in both range and azimuth directions. Particularly in azimuth, the inherent subband decomposition property of wavelet packet transform is introduced to produce multiscale complex matched filtering without involving any approximations. This generalized approach also includes the formulation of multilook processing within the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) paradigm. The efficiency of the algorithm in parallel form of execution to generate hierarchical scale SAR images is shown. Analytical results and sample imagery of diffuse backscatter are presented to validate the method.     

基于累进传输的三维地形实时优化自适应网格算法研究

 提出了三维地形的累进传输与动态多分辨率表示的完整算法。将小波分解技术用于实现高程域的多分辨率表示、小波重建技术用于高程域的累进重构、分形手段用于低分辨率高程域细节信息的补充、实时优化自适应网格改进算法用于数字高程模型的动态多分辨率表示。算法的实现表明取得了较好的效果。     

滚动轴承故障诊断的品质因子可调小波重构方法

针对轴承早期故障诊断困难的问题,提出了基于信号共振稀疏分解与品质因子可调小波重构的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该诊断方法首先对轴承故障信号进行共振稀疏分解获得高共振分量和低共振分量;然后对低共振分量进行品质因子可调小波重构,并结合峭度分析,筛选出最佳分析信号;最后对最佳分析信号进行希尔伯特解调分析,从而提取滚动轴承故障特征信息.通过对仿真信号和实际故障信号进行分析,该方法能有效提取轴承故障信号中的冲击成分,凸显故障特征.      

基于WPD-KVI-Hilbert变换相结合的滚动轴承早期故障特征精准识别

为了能够有效地从轴承早期故障激励的高频振动信号中提取出故障特征信息,基于最优小波包基选取方法和峭度值最大筛选原则,提出了一种改进的小波包分解（WPD）、峭度值指标（KVI）与Hilbert变换相结合的滚动轴承早期故障特征识别方法。计算选取最优小波包基,确定分解层数;采用WPD方法对轴承故障振动信号进行分解,获得若干个Node分量;基于峭度值指标最大原则筛选出有效的Node分量进行信号重构;对重构信号进行包络解调分析,提取出故障特征频率对轴承故障进行诊断。采用建立的方法对凯斯西储大学滚珠轴承外圈、内圈故障实验数据和自行开展的滚棒轴承外圈、滚动体故障实验数据进行了分析与诊断。研究结果表明：该方法能够有效提高故障信号高频分辨率、保留周期性冲击成分,并能准确有效提取出滚珠和滚棒轴承故障特征频率的1~7倍频及其与轴转频调制的系列边频带频率,实现对滚动轴承故障特征的精准识别与故障诊断。     

基于小波分析的航空发动机旋转失速检测方法

对试车检测到的压气机旋转失速压力数据,进行了小波降噪处理,并对处理后的数据进行多分辨分析,利用dN层小波系数重构相关频带内的压力信号分量,当重构信号某处的幅值超过给定阀值时,认为检测到了失速。研究结果表明,小波分解能有效地区分信号中的突变部分和噪声,达到降噪的目的;对不同采样频率的压力数据进行分析,给出了相应的阀值,对dN层重构信号进行监测,能有效检测到旋转失速的发生。      

Noncoherent Detection of Split-Phase FSK by Multiple Predetection Filtering

When the cumulative drift in the center frequency of a binary split-phase FSK signal exceeds the peak deviation of the signal, a conventional noncoherent receiver (i.e., one provided with only two IF filters) may be unable to achieve the probability of error per bit which the designer desires. This limitation may be overcome if the receiver is provided with a bank of more than two contiguous filters (each followed by an envelope detector) tospan the total IF band the instantaneous IF signal might occupy. It is shown that the probability of error per bit for such a receiver is a function of 1) the ratio F of peak frequency deviation to peak frequency drift, 2) the number M of IF filter/detectors, and 3) the signal-to-noise ratio ? in the output of the filter containing the signal. It is further shown thatfor a given value of F an increase in M reduces the amount of transmitter power the communication system designer must provide to yield a given probability of error per bit.     

运行模态分析的频域空间域分解法及其应用

提出了一种基于频域空间域分解(Frequency and Spatial Domain Decomposition, FSDD)的运行模态分析方法。该法将同时具有输入和输出的试验模态分析的经典方法——复模态指示因子(Complex Mode Indicator Function, CMIF)法拓展到了仅有输出响应的运行状态模态分析。FSDD法采用奇异值分解将信号空间和噪声空间分离开来,把奇异值曲线作为模态指示的依据,以奇异值向量作为加权函数得到每一阶模态的增强功率谱(Power Spectrum Density, PSD),进而在频域内对增强PSD曲线进行最小二乘拟合以得到准确的模态频率和阻尼参数。采用了一个二层楼仿真算例和在欧洲广为人知的瑞士Z24公路大桥实测算例来验证FSDD算法。     

基于声发射信号的高速铣削过程监测技术

叙述了如何将声发射技术应用于航空铝合金的高速铣削过程监测,介绍了监测装置硬件系统和信号数据采集平台的构成,最后运用小波分析进行信号分解,计算分解后的各频段能量,并从频段的能量对比中发现,信号能量可以作为刀具磨损的特征参数.     

基于EWT的离心压气机出口动态压力样本熵分析

以800 kW离心压气机从稳定状态经过过渡过程进入喘振状态时段的出口动态压力为研究对象，采用经验小波变换并结合样本熵特征，分析了系统在不同工况下的复杂特性。首先，在分析系统动态压力波形特征的基础上，采用经验小波变换并结合皮尔逊相关系数进行信号的提取。其次，研究了提取信号的样本熵与系统工作状态变化的关联关系，并讨论了经验小波的分解层数和样本熵的维数对分析结果的影响。最后，通过将白噪声加入原始信号以验证该方法的抗干扰性能。研究结果显示：当系统由稳态进入喘振状态时，系统出口动态压力的样本熵表现出明显的突变特性，其值由0突变至0.7左右。从系统参数的选择角度，样本熵维数的变化对系统特征的分析影响较小。并且，采用该方法抗干扰性能较好。