旋转机械振动故障诊断的灰度-梯度共生矩阵方法

研究了基于灰度-梯度共生矩阵的旋转机械故障诊断方法,利用灰度-梯度共生矩阵直接提取旋转机械振动参数图形中的特征信息,应用人工免疫系统实现旋转机械故障诊断.实验验证该方法可以获得较高的诊断精度,证明了该方法的可行性.      

A new bearing fault diagnosis method based on modified convolutional neural networks

Fault diagnosis is vital in manufacturing system. However, the first step of the traditional fault diagnosis method is to process the signal, extract the features and then put the features into a selected classifier for classification. The process of feature extraction depends on the experimenters’ experience, and the classification rate of the shallow diagnostic model does not achieve satisfactory results. In view of these problems, this paper proposes a method of converting raw signals into two-dimensional images. This method can extract the features of the converted two-dimensional images and eliminate the impact of expert’s experience on the feature extraction process. And it follows by proposing an intelligent diagnosis algorithm based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN), which can automatically accomplish the process of the feature extraction and fault diagnosis. The effect of this method is verified by bearing data. The influence of different sample sizes and different load conditions on the diagnostic capability of this method is analyzed. The results show that the proposed method is effective and can meet the timeliness requirements of fault diagnosis.     

基于模糊数学形态学及免疫智能的旋转机械状态参数图形识别方法

以旋转机械振动多维图形为对象,研究了直接提取和挖掘图形特征信息的模糊形态学方法,提出了基于模糊数学形态学及免疫智能的旋转机械振动参数图形识别方法。利用模糊形态滤波方法实现图形滤波,研究了模糊形态边缘检测算子,并结合旋转机械振动参数图形进行形态学梯度的边缘纹理特征提取,最后利用人工免疫算法对图形特征进行诊断识别。在600MW模化汽轮机转子试验台上进行了转子正常、转子不平衡故障、转子不对中故障及汽流激振故障的试验,诊断结果表明本文所提出的方法可以获得较高的诊断精度,为旋转机械故障诊断探索了一条新路。     

基于机匣信号的滚动轴承故障卷积神经网络诊断方法

针对在滚动轴承故障激励下的机匣微弱故障特征,提出了基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的故障诊断方法。利用矩阵图法、峭度图法以及小波尺度谱法3种振动信号的预处理方法,将一维原始信号转换为图像信号;利用卷积神经网络对故障进行识别。通过比较分析发现:通过连续小波尺度谱更易提取滚动轴承的故障特征,其故障识别率达到95.82%,均高于其他几种振动信号预处理方法;由于卷积神经网络可以利用深层网络结构自适应地提取滚动轴承故障特征,比传统支持向量机(SVM)方法的故障识别率高约7%。结果证明了该方法的有效性与可行性,且具有较好的泛化能力和稳健性。      

Impulse feature extraction method for machinery fault detection using fusion sparse coding and online dictionary learning

Impulse components in vibration signals are important fault features of complex machines. Sparse coding(SC) algorithm has been introduced as an impulse feature extraction method, but it could not guarantee a satisfactory performance in processing vibration signals with heavy background noises. In this paper, a method based on fusion sparse coding(FSC) and online dictionary learning is proposed to extract impulses efficiently. Firstly, fusion scheme of different sparse coding algorithms is presented to ensure higher reconstruction accuracy. Then, an improved online dictionary learning method using FSC scheme is established to obtain redundant dictionary and it can capture specific features of training samples and reconstruct the sparse approximation of vibration signals. Simulation shows that this method has a good performance in solving sparse coefficients and training redundant dictionary compared with other methods. Lastly, the proposed method is further applied to processing aircraft engine rotor vibration signals. Compared with other feature extraction approaches, our method can extract impulse features accurately and efficiently from heavy noisy vibration signal, which has significant supports for machinery fault detection and diagnosis.     

旋转机械状态参数图形识别的免疫-模糊形态学方法

以旋转机械振动多维图形为对象,研究了直接提取和挖掘图形特征信息的模糊形态学方法,提出了基于模糊数学形态学及免疫智能的旋转机械振动参数图形识别方法.利用模糊形态滤波方法实现图形滤波,研究了模糊形态边缘检测算子,并结合旋转机械振动参数图形进行形态学梯度的边缘纹理特征提取,最后利用人工免疫算法对图形特征进行诊断识别.在600MW模化汽轮机转子试验台上进行了转子正常、转子不平衡故障、转子不对中故障及汽流激振故障的试验,诊断结果表明所提出的方法可以获得较高的诊断精度.      

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

基于混合编程的碰摩故障识别仿真验证系统的设计

关于旋转机械碰摩故障识别方法的研究已经成为碰摩故障研究的一个热点。为了直观地比较碰摩故障识别方法的优异,本文提出了基于混合编程方法设计碰摩故障识别的仿真验证系统。系统利用Matlab与VC＋＋的混合编程技术仿真并显示了采用RBF核SVM及BP网络等方法识别旋转机械的碰摩故障。实验结果表明,该仿真系统具有良好的实用性,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于VMD-CWT和改进CNN的直升机轴承故障诊断

由于直升机自动倾斜器滚动轴承振动信号具有非平稳、非线性特点,并夹杂非敏感故障特征信息,导致网络模型对周期信号过于敏感,不能充分利用故障信息的问题;针对此问题,提出一种变分模态分解(VMD)与连续小波变换(CWT)联合提取敏感故障特征的方法。研究表明:在相同模型训练下,该方法相对其他方法最高可提升模型准确率20.8%。为了解决卷积神经网络(CNN)进一步提高故障识别精度难的问题,提出一种基于K最近邻(KNN)改进的CNN的模型,在课题组和西储大学公开轴承数据集验证,测试精度达到99.8%和100%,可有效实现直升机自动倾斜器滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

旋转机械故障诊断的灰度-基元共生矩阵方法研究

研究了基于灰度-基元共生矩阵的故障诊断方法,该方法利用图形的灰度空间分布情况和描述纹理的纹理基元法结合起来提取和挖掘旋转机械振动状态参数图形特征,可以有效地提取图形中纹理特征信息,直接利用BP人工神经网络实现旋转机械故障诊断。在600MW模化汽轮机转子试验台上进行了转子正常、转子不平衡故障、转子不对中故障及轴承松动故障的试验,诊断结果表明可以获得较高的诊断精度.      

基于EMD样本熵-LLTSA的故障特征提取方法

针对振动信号的非线性、非平稳性以及微弱故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)、样本熵和流形学习的故障特征提取方法.该方法将EMD、样本熵和流形学习相结合.首先,利用EMD的自适应多分辨率的特点计算分解得到的IMF(固有模态函数)信号的样本熵,初步提取滚动轴承状态特征值;然后利用流形学习方法对初步的提取的滚动轴承状态特征进行进一步的提取;最后利用支持向量机(SVM)对该特征提取方法进行分类评估,并将该方法运用在滚动轴承故障诊断实验中,实验证明该特征提取方法与基于小波包样本熵的故障诊断方法相比具有很好的聚类性能,且对于SVM的分类结果可达100%,在降低了特征数据的复杂度的同时,增强了故障模式识别的分类性能,具有一定的优越性.     

Intrinsic component filtering for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery has always drawn wide attention. In this paper, Intrinsic Component Filtering (ICF), which achieves population sparsity and lifetime consistency using two constraints: $l_{1/2}$ norm of column features and $l_{3/2}$ -norm of row features, is proposed for the machinery fault diagnosis. ICF can be used as a feature learning algorithm, and the learned features can be fed into the classification to achieve the automatic fault classification. ICF can also be used as a filter training method to extract and separate weak fault components from the noise signals without any prior experience. Simulated and experimental signals of bearing fault are used to validate the performance of ICF. The results confirm that ICF performs superior in three fault diagnosis fields including intelligent fault diagnosis, weak signature detection and compound fault separation.     

基于WPD-KVI-Hilbert变换相结合的滚动轴承早期故障特征精准识别

为了能够有效地从轴承早期故障激励的高频振动信号中提取出故障特征信息,基于最优小波包基选取方法和峭度值最大筛选原则,提出了一种改进的小波包分解（WPD）、峭度值指标（KVI）与Hilbert变换相结合的滚动轴承早期故障特征识别方法。计算选取最优小波包基,确定分解层数;采用WPD方法对轴承故障振动信号进行分解,获得若干个Node分量;基于峭度值指标最大原则筛选出有效的Node分量进行信号重构;对重构信号进行包络解调分析,提取出故障特征频率对轴承故障进行诊断。采用建立的方法对凯斯西储大学滚珠轴承外圈、内圈故障实验数据和自行开展的滚棒轴承外圈、滚动体故障实验数据进行了分析与诊断。研究结果表明：该方法能够有效提高故障信号高频分辨率、保留周期性冲击成分,并能准确有效提取出滚珠和滚棒轴承故障特征频率的1~7倍频及其与轴转频调制的系列边频带频率,实现对滚动轴承故障特征的精准识别与故障诊断。     

基于CWT-CNN的齿轮箱运行故障状态识别

针对传统故障诊断中提取的特征不具有自适应能力、很难匹配特定故障的问题,提出了一种基于连续小波变换（CWT）和二维卷积神经网络（CNN）的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。该方法对齿轮箱故障振动信号采用连续小波变换构造其时频图,以其为输入构建卷积神经网络模型,通过多层卷积池化形成深层分布式故障特征表达。利用反向传播算法调整网络各层的结构参数,使模型建立从信号特征到故障状态之间的准确映射。在不同工况和不同故障状态下的实验中,故障识别准确率达到了99.2%,验证了方法有效性。采用这种自适应学习信号中丰富的信息的方法,可以为故障诊断智能化提供基础。      

Continual learning fault diagnosis:A dual-branch adaptive aggregation residual network for fault diagnosis with machine increments

As a data-driven approach, Deep Learning(DL)-based fault diagnosis methods need to collect the relatively comprehensive data on machine fault types to achieve satisfactory performance. A mechanical system may include multiple submachines in the real-world. During condition monitoring of a mechanical system, fault data are distributed in a continuous flow of constantly generated information and new faults will inevitably occur in unconsidered submachines, which are also called machine increments....     

基于灰度-基元共生矩阵的旋转机械故障诊断研究

研究了基于灰度-基元共生矩阵的故障诊断方法,该方法利用图形的灰度空间分布情况和描述纹理的纹理基元法结合起来提取和挖掘旋转机械振动状态参数图形特征,可以有效地提取图形中纹理特征信息,直接利用BP人工神经网络实现旋转机械故障诊断。在600MW模化汽轮机转子试验台上进行了转子正常、转子不平衡故障、转子不对中故障及轴承松动故障的试验,诊断结果表明可以获得较高的诊断精度。     

基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比循环平稳解调的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变转速工况下滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,提出一种将线调频小波路径追踪算法与阶比循环平稳解调方法相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法先利用线调频小波路径追踪算法提取轴承的故障特征频率,再根据轴承的故障特征频率对变转速下时域振动信号的包络在角域等角度重采样,并对获取的角域平稳信号进行循环平稳解调,计算得到切片解调谱;最后根据切片解调谱识别滚动轴承故障.仿真分析和应用实例表明:该方法能准确提取变转速工况下滚动轴承的外圈与内圈故障故障特征,提取效果明显优于基于Wigner-Ville峰值跟踪法的包络阶次谱方法.      

基于EMD熵特征融合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

研究了滚动轴承故障诊断单一故障信号的局限性和故障特征的非线性,从信息融合的理论出发,利用非线性动力学参数熵作为特征,提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)熵特征融合的方法来解决滚动轴承故障诊断问题.首先将原始信号进行EMD,利用EMD的自适应多分辨率的特点计算EMD得到的固有模态函数(IMF)信号的多种熵值,然后采用核主元分析(KPCA)对提取的状态特征进行信息融合,从而得到互补的特征,最后将提取的融合特征通过支持向量机(SVM)进行故障诊断.滚动轴承故障诊断实验表明:该方法结合了EMD、信息熵理论和KPCA强大的非线性处理能力的特点,可以进行滚动轴承故障诊断.      

一种MED最优滤波长度选择新方法及其应用

最小熵解卷积（MED）是旋转机械故障诊断领域广泛应用的有效方法，它可以从噪声中提取微弱的故障冲击成分。然而它的有效性依赖于滤波长度的选取，目前，针对MED滤波长度的自动选取并没有明确有效的方法，往往需要人为经验选择。因此，在MED的算法基础上，通过结合自相关函数，提出了一种MED最优滤波长度选择的新方法，该方法构建了一个能量判定标准来衡量输出信号的周期性，从而自适应地确定MED的最优的滤波长度以提升微弱故障信号中的周期脉冲成分，避免MED方法容易出现最大化单一随机脉冲现象的发生。该方法应用于滚动轴承故障微弱冲击特征提取，并利用两个实例进行了有效性验证：基于辛辛那提试验中心的滚动轴承全寿命疲劳加速试验；带机匣的航空发动机转子试验器模拟远离轴承振动源的故障试验。结果表明，所提方法可以消除传递路径影响，提升微弱冲击周期性特征，并且与最大相关峭度解卷积（MCKD）方法相比，诊断结果更具优势。     

基于双重注意力机制及S-BiGAN的机电设备故障诊断

标签样本少条件下机电设备的准确故障诊断对于提高复杂机电设备的健康管理能力具有重要意义。针对标签样本少条件下难以建立准确故障诊断模型的问题,在半监督生成对抗网络的基础上,将注意力模块引入生成对抗网络,并利用格拉姆角场将一维数据转换为二维图像;结合双向生成对抗网络特点,提出一种基于双重注意力机制的半监督双向生成对抗网络（S-BIGAN）机电设备故障诊断模型,以轴承数据为例进行验证。结果表明：与CNN-SVM、SGAN 等算法相比,本文提出的模型能够提高样本生成质量和故障分类特征,有效解决标签样本少情况下的故障诊断问题,极大地提高了故障诊断准确率。