On the solar pressure damping and attitude control

Librational control of satellites using solar radiation pressure is investigated using a nonlinear optimization technique. The control strategy specifies only the direction in which a relatively weak solar pressure induced moment should be applied irrespective of its magnitude. The analysis suggests that a simple two-vane configuration can damp, rather effectively, severe disturbances over a range of satellite and orbital parameters. The controller is also successful in imparting any desired orientation to the satellite thus giving it a degree of versatility in undertaking diverse missions. The semi-passive character of the controller assures longer lifespan with an associated saving in cost.     

MSCMG框架伺服系统非线性摩擦力矩建模与实验研究

在磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG)中,由于陀螺耦合力矩的影响,使得陀螺框架系统的摩擦力矩随着陀螺输出力矩和框架角位置的不同而发生变化,为了实现控制力矩陀螺输出力矩的高精度控制,需要对摩擦力矩进行精确建模。对控制力矩陀螺框架系统进行了动力学研究,分析了摩擦力矩随陀螺输出力矩和框架角位置的变化机理和变化规律,并据此建立了磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺框架系统的非线性摩擦力矩模型和非线性动力学模型。用实验数据对非线性动力学模型参数进行了最优最小二乘辨识,并用所得到的模型进行实际数据分析和仿真研究,仿真结果与实际实验数据非常吻合,验证了所建立模型的正确性和有效性。     

星载转台活动电缆扭转阻力矩测试与分析

星载转台活动电缆扭转过程中产生的阻力矩可能导致电缆绝缘层磨损破裂,阻力矩的稳定性还会影响转台控制的精度。鉴于此,文章对活动电缆扭转阻力矩进行测试分析,定量分析阻力矩影响因素,探究不同工况下阻力矩的变化规律,考查不同运动状态下阻力矩的稳定性。试验结果表明,小线束、分布式活动电缆布线方案满足型号阻力矩要求,是后续星载转台电缆布线设计中的可选方案。     

小SAR卫星偏航导引控制

为消除近极低轨道小星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)参数偏移，基于姿态控制动力学模型，研究了偏航导引控制对滚动和俯仰通道动力学耦合的影响。理论分析和仿真试验的结果表明，其影响小于卫星所受的环境干扰力矩。在控制系统设计时，可视为干扰力矩进行处理。     

Fault detection,identification and reconstruction for gyroscope in satellite based on independent component analysis

Although satellites are designed with high reliability, faults do occur when satellites are in orbit. To avoid the important services being affected, redundancy is used in satellites. There are many sensors in satellites. In order to reduce the cost, space, weight and power consumption, redundant sensors should be added to satellite as few as possible. Analytical redundancy is an efficient way to optimize the application of redundant. The gyroscope is the attitude determination sensor of the satellite. The minimum redundant structure of the gyroscope system is as follows: three gyroscopes installed in three-axis orthogonally and one gyroscope installed with slantwise for redundancy(3o+1S).To achieve fault detection, identification and reconstruction, hypothesis of statistical independence between the three-axis angular rates and hypothesis of statistical independence between the angular rates and fault are proposed. The scenario that only one sensor is faulting and there are only additive fault and full fault is supposed. Under these assumptions, firstly a threshold method is used for fault detection. After a fault is detected, independent component analysis (ICA) based algorithm for fault identification is employed. To overcome the ambiguities of ICA, correlation coefficients and prior information of the mixed matrix are used. Finally, the reconstruction matrix is obtained. By using this matrix fault signal is extracted so that the yaw, roll and pitch axes (three-axis) angular rates of the satellite can be recovered. Numerical simulations show this method can fulfill fault detection, identification and reconstruction of the gyroscope system.     

Parameters design of vibration isolation platform for control moment gyroscopes

Vibration isolation is a direct and effective approach to improve the ultra-precise pointing capability of a high resolution remote sensing satellite. In this paper, a passive multi-strut vibration isolation platform for the control moment gyroscopes in a pyramid configuration on a satellite is adopted and the parameter design of this platform is discussed. The first step constructs a whole satellite dynamic model including the control moment gyroscopes and the vibration isolation platform with Newton–Euler method, while the analytical control moment gyroscopes disturbance model is derived. The transmissibility matrix of the vibration isolation platform is then obtained, and the frequency domain characteristics of the platform are described, with its influence on the attitude control system analyzed. The third part presents the parameter design method of the vibration isolation platform based on the frequency domain characteristics mentioned above. The stiffness and damping coefficients of this platform are subsequently selected with the above mentioned method. Finally, using these parameters, the performance of the vibration isolation platform on the satellite is testified by integrated simulations. The study shows that parameters of this platform selected based on this method not only satisfy the requirement of vibration isolation but also guarantee that the closed-loop attitude control system remains sufficiently stable.     

卫星姿态控制系统故障重构观测器设计

对于卫星姿态控制系统,提出一种基于PD型学习观测器(Learning observer, LO)的系统故障重构方法。在P型LO的学习算法基础上引入测量输出估计误差的微分项,设计了一种PD型LO,估计卫星姿态角速度和姿态角的同时,快速精确重构卫星执行机构故障。给出了所提观测器的稳定性条件,并基于线性矩阵不等式技术提出一种系统化PD型LO设计方法。进一步,将所提PD型LO设计扩展用于卫星姿态敏感器故障的快速重构。最后,将所提方法应用于微小卫星推力器故障重构和陀螺故障重构,仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

偏置动量卫星耦合通道外干扰力矩补偿方法

为实现偏置动量卫星滚动-偏航耦合通道外干扰力矩的前馈补偿,根据两通道的姿态动力学模型,从理论上分析了包括常值与周期干扰的外干扰力矩对滚动-偏航姿态的影响。由此导出飞轮前馈补偿项的数学表达式,并论证了引入外力矩对飞轮角动量进行卸载的必要性。仿真结果表明,该法能有效削弱外干扰力矩对星体姿态尤其是偏航姿态的影响,大幅提高星体控制精度。     

超低轨卫星气动参数及转动惯量在轨实时辨识

给出了超低轨卫星气动参数和转动惯量的在轨实时辨识方法。针对超低轨卫星所处的稀薄流环境,建立了镜面-漫反射模型稀薄流散射系数的傅里叶级数模型。根据卫星姿态动力学与运动学方程推导了傅里叶级数模型中各气动参数以及卫星转动惯量的线性观测模型。以采用气动主动控制方式的近地圆轨道纳星为仿真对象,用递推最小二乘法进行在轨实时辨识,辨识结果与设定值一致。方法对卫星在轨实时控制时需获取高精度的气动力矩和卫星真实转动惯量有重要的意义。     

Local Controllability of a System of Powered Gyroscopes

Controlling properties of an arbitrary system of powered gyroscopes are studied in relation to the current gyroscope location and constraints on the angular velocities of gyroscope rotation. The quality of local controllability is determined for three types of constraints as a function of the angular position of gyroscopes, and optimal algorithms of forming the controlling moment are derived. Comparative estimates of different indices of local controllability are obtained. The errors in the controlling moment are studied in relation to indices of local controllability.     

Electrodynamic stabilization of earth-orbiting satellites in equatorial orbits

A satellite with electrodynamic stabilization system is considered. Based on the method of Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions of the asymptotic stability of direct equilibrium position of this satellite in the orbital coordinate system under perturbing action of a gravitational moment are obtained. These conditions allow one to ensure a rational choice of parametric control coefficients depending on parameters of the satellite and its orbit.     

Attitude stabilization of a satellite by magnetic coils

Stabilization problem for a satellite is considered. The only measurement is of the geomagnetic field in the satellite coordinates. The control is carried out by a magnetic moment of current coils (magnetorquers) mounted on the satellite body. The stabilizer constructed in this work solves the problems of magnetic and gravitational stabilization. Qualitative analysis and results of numerical simulation are presented. The results of simulation show that the proposed stabilization system is reliable, and has an appropriate accuracy and does not need powerful sources of energy, and therefore can be used for attitude control of small satellites.     

某型号卫星磁环境兼容性分析与控制

某型号卫星的主探测器光电倍增管对卫星的磁环境非常敏感,因此卫星的磁兼容分析和磁设计非常重要。文章结合此卫星的特点对整星的磁场和磁矩等磁兼容性进行了分析计算;对载荷的磁屏蔽方案进行了分析和试验,并根据试验结果给出了磁屏蔽的优化方案;通过分析磁兼容性对姿轨控系统的影响,提出了卫星设计的约束条件,最后给出了磁兼容性分析的结论。     

四轴型磁悬浮动量轮变结构控制

根据空间飞行器姿态控制用四轴主动控制型混合磁悬浮动量轮的动力学方程,采用变结构控制(VSC)法设计了一种多输入多输出系统控制器。二次型最优控制用于确定最终滑模运动方程,趋近律用于决定变结构控制输入,实现了磁悬浮动量轮快速稳定的鲁棒性控制。仿真结果表明,VSC的动静态特性较好,其滑模运动的不变性可有效消除陀螺力矩的影响,并能实现控制能量的优化。     

大型卫星姿态机动的滑模变结构控制技术

研究了大型卫星三轴大角度姿态机动控制。建立了以控制力矩陀螺作为执行机构的大型卫星姿态动力学方程,针对快速性和鲁棒性要求,设计了一种滑模变结构控制器。控制器基于反馈四元数,避免了源自三轴大角度机动欧拉角描述的奇异性,且滑动模态能满足Lyapunov意义的渐近稳定。仿真结果验证了该控制器的有效性和优良性能。     

一种改进的SGCMGs奇异鲁棒伪逆操纵律算法

以单框架控制力矩陀螺（SGCMG）为卫星动量交换机构,基于建立的姿态控制系统与SGCMG系统的动力学模型,设计零动量卫星的PD（比例微分）解耦姿态控制律。为逃避奇异,提出了一种改进的单框架控制力矩陀螺群（SGCMGs）奇异鲁棒伪逆操纵律算法。某航天器姿态控制仿真结果表明：改进算法可避免奇异,算法有效性得以验证。     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺动框架效应的FXLMS自适应精确补偿控制方法仿真研究

在磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺（CMG）中，框架运动对磁悬浮转子支承系统的扰动可以采用角速率前馈加以补偿，但前馈系数固定时的补偿精度受磁轴承系统模型误差影响而显著下降。为了提高补偿精度，本文针对MIMO磁悬浮转子系统，提出一种基于FXLMS（filtered-X least mean square）算法的自适应前馈方法，采用梯度估计和最速下降策略推导前馈权值更新算法，并根据算法收敛性和收敛速度设计收敛因子和权初值。仿真结果表明，该方法收敛速度快，抗噪声能力强，相同模型误差情况下使转子的动框架位移降低到固定特性前馈时的20％，大幅度提高了动框架前馈补偿精度，有利于进一步提高磁悬浮CMG的力矩输出精度。     

隔振平台对姿态控制系统影响分析及参数选择

为实现卫星的高精度高稳定度姿态控制,在控制力矩陀螺群(CMGs)和星体之间加装了隔振平台。首先依据整星动力学简化模型推得了隔振系统传递函数矩阵;然后分析了隔振平台的使用给姿态控制系统带来的影响,并提出了一种既能使CMGs隔振平台满足隔振要求,又能保证姿态控制系统充分稳定性的参数选择方案;最后通过数值仿真的方式验证了所提出的参数选择方案的合理性。     

遥感卫星在轨微振动测量数据分析

介绍某遥感卫星的在轨微振动测量方案,并从背景噪声、扰动源特征、星体结构传递特征三个方面对测量数据进行分析。由测试数据发现,控制力矩陀螺（CMG）和动量轮引起的局部扰动较大,而传递至有效载荷处的扰动主要由CMG和双轴天线引起。星体结构对微振动有良好的衰减作用,有效载荷安装面的响应相对于振源得到了大幅衰减。     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的动框架效应及其角速率前馈控制方法研究

在磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺中,局限于磁悬浮轴承系统的动态响应速度,框架的转动将使转子轴的角位移和轴心跳动量显著增大(动框架效应),甚至碰撞保护轴承,严重影响磁悬浮系统的稳定性。本文建立框架转动时的磁悬浮转子相对运动模型,分析了框架转动对磁悬浮转子的单方向作用,在Simulink仿真的基础上提出一种抑制动框架效应的角速率前馈控制方法。实验结果表明,磁悬浮轴承采用角速率前馈控制后,转子跳动量被抑制到原来的18％,大大提高了控制力矩陀螺磁悬浮系统的稳定性,同时还改善了控制力矩陀螺的力矩输出特性。