振动、冲击环境下支架减振器刚度优化设计

文章在某型号的电子设备支架减振器设计中,综合考虑了振动、冲击两种主要的力学环境.以减振器刚度为设计变量,将刚度的倒数作为目标函数,根据振动、冲击环境设计要求确定了约束条件,建立了减振器刚度优化的数学模型.采用ANSYS作为优化设计的平台,随机振动响应分析采用振型叠加法,冲击响应分析采用Newmark时间积分法,对该问题进行了优化求解,取得了满意的结果,为电子学系统的减振设计提供了依据.     

航天器总装可靠性研究

文章针对航天器总装过程的特点,提出了航天器总装的可靠性评估理论.首先,提出了航天器总装可靠性的概念,然后对航天器的总装过程进行了建模分析,阐述了航天器总装的可靠度分配原理以及总装FMEA评估方法,从而初步建立了一套适应航天器总装的可靠性理论,以此有效的控制航天器的总装质量,查找出总装过程中的潜在故障失效模式,从而达到提高航天器总装质量和效率的目的.     

太阳模拟器准直镜框架结构热传导问题的有限元计算

文章介绍了大型复杂结构热力耦合的有限元计算理论,提出了太阳模拟器结构有限元计算方案,并结合ENSYS 5.7 软件包,实际解决了太阳模拟器在温度变化过程中的热应力计算问题.     

空间热物理技术发展的探讨

文章以航天器和火箭发动机中的工程热物理问题为背景,探讨了航天器热控技术的现状和发展趋势,介绍了火箭发动机热设计、推进剂燃烧等问题的发展方向.     

低地球轨道等离子体环境引起的高压太阳电池阵电弧放电现象的研究

把高压太阳电池阵放入低地球轨道中就会发生电弧放电,会造成航天器表面退化、电磁干扰、PN结破坏和其它负作用.文章先介绍了电弧放电的理论观点,包括Park和Hastings的假说以及Cho和Hastings的理论扩展,对放电起因、过程及研究现状进行了分析.然后给出几个典型的飞行实验及地面模拟实验的结果,证实了高压太阳电池阵在等离子体环境中电弧的产生,并发现偏置电压与高压太阳电池阵的放电率之间有密切的关系.文章最后介绍了在实验室研究过的6种减缓电弧放电的方法,并对其优缺点进行简单讨论.     

影响GEO卫星长寿命高可靠的空间环境因素及其评估、验证和保障技术研究

文章叙述了空间环境与卫星长寿命高可靠的关系,着重分析了影响GEO卫星长寿命高可靠的各种空间环境效应,如:地磁亚暴电子造成的卫星表面带电及诱导的二次放电、辐射带高能电子引起卫星内带电、太阳耀斑质子和银河宇宙射线造成的单粒子效应、空间带电粒子和太阳电磁辐照造成的辐照总剂量效应以及空间环境下敏感表面的污染效应等.文章最后给出GEO卫星空间环境效应的评估、验证和保障技术研究的必要性及其主要研究方向.     

航天器热控系统故障诊断策略

为了对航天器热控系统进行及时、准确的故障诊断,文章提出了一种故障诊断策略.该策略是基于热控系统数学模型建立故障诊断数据库;然后利用专家知识扩展故障诊断数据库来实现故障诊断;最后,由基于规则的分布式故障诊断专家系统给出故障决策.     

打造全新的中小型环境模拟试验设备

文章介绍了一个全新的中小型环境模拟试验设备的设计思路,以及如何在中小型设备上实现测量监控系统的现代化.     

航天器总装看板生产管理系统研究

文章通过对航天器总装管理现状的分析,介绍了看板生产管理系统的设计:该系统将指令性卡片与物料卡片相结合,属于MRP管理模式;确定以B/S和C/S模式相结合、标准J2EE结构和Oracle 9i数据库平台的技术途径;由4个层面构建总装管理平台;总的系统框架由7个子模块组成.该系统的研制可实现总装工作中计划、技术、生产、管理信息的有机结合,并能有效地提高工作效率.     

飞船舱门组件反向加压试验技术

文章介绍了飞船舱门试验件在真空环境下反向加压的漏率检测技术以及密封圈处于不同压缩量下的压紧力测量方法,并重点介绍了试验方案设计和试验结果的分析.     

Developing a Low-Velocity Collision Model Based on the Nasa Standard Breakup Model

We have conducted a series of low-velocity impact experiments to understand the dispersion properties of fragments newly created by low-velocity impacts possible in space, especially in geostationary Earth orbit. The test results are utilized to establish a mathematical prediction model to be used in debris generation and propagation codes. Since the expected collision velocity between catalogued objects in geostationary Earth orbit shows a peak at a few hundreds meters per second, these impact experiments were conducted at a velocity range lower than 300m/s. As a typical structure of satellites in geostationary Earth orbit, thin aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels with carbon fiber reinforced plastics face sheets were prepared, while the projectile was a stainless steel ball of 9mm diameter. The data collected through these impact experiments have been re-analyzed based on the method used in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard breakup model 1998 revision. The results indicate that the NASA standard breakup model derived from hypervelocity impacts could be applied to low-velocity collision possible in geostationary Earth orbit with some modifications.     

Ground assisted rendezvous with geosynchronous satellites for the disposal of space debris by means of Earth-oriented tethers

Previous studies have shown that extended length Earth-oriented tethers in the geosynchronous (GEO) region can be used to re-orbit satellites to disposal orbits. One such approach involves the extension of a GEO based tether, collection of a debris object, and retraction of the tether, which transfers the retracted configuration to a higher energy orbit for debris disposal. The re-extension of the tether after debris disposal returns the configuration to the near-GEO altitude. The practical feasibility of such a system depends on the ability to collect GEO debris objects, attach them to a deployed tether system, and retract the tethers for transfer to the disposal orbits.This study addresses the collection and delivery of debris objects to the deployed tether system in GEO. The investigation considers the number, type and the characteristics of the debris objects as well as the collection tug that can be ground controlled to detect, rendezvous and dock with the debris objects for their delivery to the tethers system.A total of more than 400 objects are in drift orbits crossing all longitudes either below or above the geostationary radius. More than 130 objects are also known to librate around the stable points in GEO with periods of libration up to five or more years. A characterization of the position and velocity of the debris objects relative to the collection tug is investigated. Typical rendezvous performance requirements for uncooperative GEO satellites are examined, and the similarities with other approaches such as the ESA's CX-OLEV commercial mission proposal to extend the life of geostationary telecommunication satellites are noted.     

低轨星座对静止轨道卫星同频干扰指标研究

随着全球低轨星座系统的快速部署及应用,非静止轨道卫星对静止轨道卫星系统的同频干扰问题日益凸显。为保护静止轨道卫星系统不受有害干扰,国际电联现行无线电规则中规定了非静止轨道卫星系统应满足的等效功率通量密度限值或干扰噪声比限值,但所适用频段及限值标准仍在不断修订完善中。为了精确定量评估低轨星座对静止轨道卫星的同频干扰,通过对等效功率通量密度限值和干扰噪声比限值的确定方法及演进历程进行研究,分析了上述限值与静止轨道卫星实际被干扰的对应关系,并以典型倾斜轨道星座和极地轨道星座为例,分析了不同干扰指标对卫星系统间干扰判定结果的影响,当静止轨道卫星系统的实际被干扰门限低于国际电联制定等效功率通量密度限值选用的参考门限时,建议低轨星座选择干扰噪声比限值作为开展频率干扰分析与判定的依据。     

Technical and legal issues surrounding space debris—India''s position in the UN

This article briefly presents the historical background, as seen by ISRO and India, to the growing problem of space debris. It describes the technical aspects of ISRO's activities in the field of space debris, and the grey areas in technical understanding, which may impede legal discussions. Analysis of the cost and technical aspects of reorbiting satellites from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is detailed, since this is an important area for India and other developing countries. The article also briefly describes ISRO's views of the applicability and relevance of the existing space treaties to a possible future legal regime for space debris. Debates are currently taking place in the UN and other multilateral fora on the subject of space debris and the situation is dynamic. The main aim of this article is to inform readers of ISRO's and India's position in the UN on the subject of space debris, in terms of its technical, political and legal aspects. Certain issues of importance from the legal point of view, though not of immediate urgency, are also discussed.     

微波辐射计静止轨道遥感试验技术

在地球静止轨道上对大气进行微波遥感探测尚无先例。为验证静止轨道微波探测仪器关键技术,研究高轨微波辐射传输特性并积累遥感数据,研制了微波探测试验载荷,搭载于风云四号A星进行在轨试验。微波探测载荷采用真实孔径圆周扫描体系,配置双频段(183,425 GHz)五通道。载荷在轨试验中,各项指标正常,183GHz频段灵敏度优于0.5K,425GHz灵敏度优于1.9K,性能稳定并超过3个月考核寿命。对微波探测载荷183GHz与极轨载荷先进技术微波辐射计(advanced technology microwave sounder,ATMS)进行亮温交叉比对的结果显示,两者亮温相近,变化趋势一致,验证了探测数据的有效性。载荷还在静止轨道获取了极轨无法探知的3K/h量级亮温变化,并在风云四号A星姿态调整期间完成了静止轨道微波遥感成像。验证了在静止轨道上进行真实孔径体制微波遥感探测的有效性。     

Collision Risk Mitigation in Geostationary Orbit

The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term.     

同步轨道共位卫星差分CEI测量技术

同步轨道卫星共位是指在一个地球同步轨道±0．1°的窗口上放置2颗或2颗以上的卫星。文章介绍了同步轨道卫星多星共位的必要性和差分连接端站干涉测量的原理,对同步轨道共位卫星位置测量精度进行分析,得出结论：差分连接端站干涉测量技术能够满足同步轨道共位卫星位置测量的要求。     

Near-optimal geostationary transfer maneuvers with cooperative en-route inspection using hybrid optimal control

This research investigates the performance of bi-level hybrid optimal control algorithms in the solution of minimum delta-velocity geostationary transfer maneuvers with cooperative en-route inspection. The maneuvers, introduced here for the first time, are designed to populate a geostationary constellation of space situational awareness satellites while providing additional characterization of objects in lower-altitude orbit regimes. The maneuvering satellite, called the chaser, performs a transfer from low Earth orbit to geostationary orbit, during which it performs an inspection of one of several orbiting targets in conjunction with a ground site for the duration of the target?s line-of-site contact with that site. A three-target scenario is used to test the performance of multiple bi-level hybrid optimal control algorithms. A bi-level hybrid algorithm is then utilized to solve fifteen-, and thirty-target scenarios and shown to have increasing benefit to complete enumeration as the number of targets is increased. Results indicate that the en-route inspection can be accomplished for a small increase in the delta-velocity required for a simple transfer to geostationary orbit given the same initial conditions.     

地球静止轨道卫星硅太阳电池在轨特性分析

空间辐照效应的影响,使太阳电池输出功率随其在轨时间的推移而逐渐衰减。文章以2颗在轨的地球静止轨道卫星为研究对象,对某类我国自主研发的硅太阳电池的在轨输出功率衰减率进行了分析。并针对所获得的相关遥测参数,通过数值统计与数学分析的方法,采用确定的计算公式得出太阳电池阵的总输出电流,用以表征其输出功率。文章提出了一种曲线平移...     

Space Debris at the United Nations

Rules for activities in outer space are agreed upon in the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space of the United Nations. Several international treaties have been adopted in the 1970s, that is, at a time before space debris became a concern for the international community. In the years 1979–1988 numerous documents were prepared by the UN Secretariat on space debris, but no official discussions of the problem were initiated by states members of the COPUOS. First proposals for introducing the matter to the UN appeared around 1988, after important studies on the subject were published by states and leading intergovernmental organizations. Also the International Telecommunication Union became concerned about the proliferation of space debris in the geostationary orbit and adopted in 1993 a recommendation to restrict the generation of debris and to re-orbit satellites approaching the end of their active lives into disposal orbits beyond the belt populated by active satellites. In 1994, the UN started discussing scientific and technical aspects of space debris. In the following years, with the assistance of experts from prominent space agencies, it elaborated a Technical Report on space debris. Legal aspects of the problem have not yet begun being discussed because the necessary consensus among states members of the COPUOS has not yet been achieved. Very recently, the UN received first information on a wider subject, space traffic management.