基于电压闭环反馈的永磁同步电机弱磁调速研究

电动汽车对电机的调速范围要求较高,需要宽调速的控制技术。为扩大永磁同步电动机(PMSM)的调速范围,研究并实现了电压闭环反馈弱磁控制方法。该方法将电压利用率作为参考值构建电压环,通过电压反馈信号和给定指令信号计算弱磁电流的参考值idref,从而有效提高PMSM的弱磁扩速。利用MATLAB/Simulink 仿真平台搭建了表贴式PMSM弱磁控制系统。仿真结果表明系统有较宽的调速范围,而且区间转换平稳,具有良好的响应特性。     

航空发动机内置式永磁容错发电系统的研究

针对内置式航空发电系统高功率密度、高可靠性和高输出性能的要求,提出了基于三相四桥臂的航空用永磁容错发电系统。利用永磁容错电机大电感的特点,改进了传统弱磁控制算法,提出了简单高效的直轴电流I_d解析法弱磁控制,通过实时计算弱磁电流给定实现了宽速范围（3倍额定转速）内的恒压发电控制。同时,根据容错电机磁隔离的特点,以保证故障前后电机定子磁场为圆形旋转磁场为前提,结合电压空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）算法实现了单相断路或短路故障的容错发电控制。通过MATLAB仿真验证了控制算法的正确性。最后,对一套7.5 kW永磁容错发电系统进行了算法验证实验,验证了I_d解析法弱磁控制和容错控制的可行性,为后续的系统性能测试打下基础。     

变磁阻可控磁通永磁游标电机电磁性能分析

为了兼顾永磁电机低速、大转矩特性和恒功率区的运行范围,提出一种变磁阻可控磁通永磁游标(RVFCPMV)电机。以1台三相22/2对极RVFCPMV电机为例,介绍了RVFCPMV电机的拓扑结构。基于气隙磁通密度的调制,揭示了该电机具有低速、大转矩特性的实质,突破在电枢绕组中通入直轴去磁电流分量的传统弱磁方式,提出一种利用铁磁材料非线性导磁特性,通过调节励磁电流进而改变磁路磁阻方式实现永磁电机弱磁升速的方法。通过有限元方法对RVFCPMV电机进行了计算和分析,验证了该电机基速以下的低速、大转矩输出特性和基速以上的弱磁调速能力。     

微磁强计弱磁处理芯片设计与实现

为适应微纳卫星平台的应用需求、实现磁强计的微型化,针对巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应微磁强计的研制需求设计并研制了弱磁信号处理芯片.在分析GMI微磁强计构造的基础上,针对单机(微)小型化提出了弱磁信号处理电路芯片化的方案;结合空间应用特点,设计并实现了基于SOI CMOS工艺的弱磁信号处理芯片.实测结果表明:基于所研制的弱磁信号处理芯片不仅实现了磁强计的微型化、集成化,而且具有良好的弱磁测量性能.     

一种永磁同步电机交轴电流误差积分反馈深度弱磁控制策略

针对传统弱磁控制策略在深度弱磁区域电流、转矩脉动较大,电流调节器易饱和等问题,提出一种基于q轴电流增量与误差积分的深度弱磁控制策略。通过q轴电流误差积分减缓q轴电流变化率,抑制电流调节器饱和;再根据最大转矩电压比曲线对d轴电流限幅,确定q轴电流增量,重新规划PMSM弱磁电流轨迹;结合电流环模糊PI控制,进一步抑制深度弱磁区域电流、转矩振荡。仿真结果表明:该弱磁控制策略下,系统在深度弱磁区域的电流、转矩振荡及电流调节器饱和得到了明显抑制,系统运行稳定。     

内置式永磁同步电动机弱磁调速优化控制

从永磁同步电机(PMSM)的矢量控制出发,提出了一种PMSM弱磁优化控制方法。内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)相对表贴式永磁同步电机弱磁能力强,调速范围宽,以IPMSM为对象,对弱磁调速进行了仿真与优化。PMSM在基速以下采用最大转矩电流比的恒转矩控制,减小了电机损耗,提高了逆变器的效率,在基速以上采用恒功率调速。直轴电流去磁调速结合交轴电流去磁调速的弱磁控制方式,提高了PMSM的功率因数,扩展了调速范围。针对弱磁环节转速的波动问题,在传统PI控制上做出改进,提出了模糊自整定PI的控制方式,提高了PMSM弱磁调速的性能。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,验证了该控制方法的可行性。     

基于SVPWM过调制的超前角弱磁控制永磁同步电机的策略研究

研究了电动车用内置式永磁同步电机的控制策略,提出了超前角弱磁控制与空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)过调制结合的控制系统。超前角弱磁控制使用转速、电流和电压的3个闭环控制,电机端电压与直流侧电压组成电压控制环,产生电机弱磁的电流超前角直接给定交直轴电流。SVPWM过调制算法可以有效提高逆变器输出电压基波幅值,电机使用弱磁控制方式达到最大转速后使逆变器进入过调制状态,最大限度扩大转速范围。对该控制系统进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性和可行性。     

基于模型预测的多电机弱磁同步控制策略研究

从工业场合下多电机系统高速运行的实际需求出发,分析了传统多电机控制系统和传统弱磁控制系统的优缺点,针对多电机高速运行时的弱磁特性进行了研究。模型预测控制(MPC)是一种基于被控对象模型的新型控制算法,具有较强的鲁棒性和较好的控制性能。交叉耦合控制是一种在并行控制基础上对每个电机进行相应补偿的控制系统。将MPC应用到多电机控制系统中并对其进行改进使其具有弱磁控制能力；对传统的交叉耦合控制策略进行改进。将二者结合提出了一种基于模型预测的多电机弱磁同步控制策略,并以双电机系统为例。最后,进行了仿真验证,仿真试验结果表明,基于模型预测的多电机弱磁同步控制策略,可获得比传统双电机系统更好的跟随性能和同步性能。     

无电压限幅环节的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制技术

在电机高速弱磁或过载要求高的情况下,需要通过脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的过调制运行提高直流母线电压利用率。基于磁链观测的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制(磁场导向控制,FOC)技术具有算法简单、易实现等优点,但在过调制的情况下电压限幅环节会引起磁链观测及转子位置角估算误差。为提高PWM过调制情况下系统的控制性能,对传统的FOC控制框图进行了改进,省去了电压限幅环节并利用由占空比计算的实际电压对定子磁链进行估算。MATLAB仿真验证了改进方法的有效性。研究结果表明:该方法充分利用PWM调制自有的限幅特性,既能简化控制算法又能提高磁链观测精度,具有较好的技术经济性能。     

高转速比异步变频电机电磁设计及温升研究

高转速比异步变频电机电磁设计,既要满足高速弱磁区转矩不足,又要克服低速时磁路过饱和。以1 600 kW异步变频电机为例分析了等效电路参数变动特点,绘制了高低转速下转矩、效率、电压、电流和功率因数曲线；并得出了磁密、磁导率分布图,计算了不同工况下损耗的时间分布图。经电机型式试验测试,设计方案满足技术要求。     

Small-Scale Solar Magnetic Fields

As we resolve ever smaller structures in the solar atmosphere, it has become clear that magnetism is an important component of those small structures. Small-scale magnetism holds the key to many poorly understood facets of solar magnetism on all scales, such as the existence of a local dynamo, chromospheric heating, and flux emergence, to name a few. Here, we review our knowledge of small-scale photospheric fields, with particular emphasis on quiet-sun field, and discuss the implications of several results obtained recently using new instruments, as well as future prospects in this field of research.     

Introduction to Solar Magnetism: The Early Years

The year 2008 marked the one hundredth anniversary of the observational discovery by George Ellery Hale of magnetic field in sunspots (Hale in Astrophys. J. 28:315–343, 1908). This observation, the first to suggest a direct link between the best-known variable features on the Sun and magnetism, started a line of research that has widened considerably over the last 100 years and is continuing today. Knowledge about all aspects of the Sun has increased in a remarkable way over the past few decades. Variations in the appearance of the Sun and its corona, as well as deeper sources of quasi-regular and chaotic changes that make up solar variability have been extensively documented by both ground-based and space-based solar observatories. It has been recognized that solar magnetism is the key phenomenon that drives solar variability. The workshop devoted to the origin and dynamics of solar magnetism held in the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, from 21 to 25 January 2008 reviewed the status of the field and has led to this volume that brings together the best available knowledge and understanding of solar magnetism 100 years after Hale’s pioneering paper. This introductory paper gives an outline of the history of research into solar variability up to the work of Hale and his colleagues. The achievements of the past decades are discussed extensively in the other contributions to this volume.     

人工槽模拟GH4169涡轮盘表面裂纹缺陷的微磁检测

针对航空发动机涡轮盘表面裂纹缺陷,提出一种地磁场环境下的微磁无损检测(NDT)方法。磁化试验测得了广泛使用的镍基高温合金GH4169材料的磁化特性曲线,通过磁性分析,证明该材料的相对磁导率略大于空气的相对磁导率,为弱顺磁性物质。理论分析了微磁检测适用于涡轮盘试件的检测原理和缺陷处的磁异常特征,通过对预置人工槽缺陷的涡轮盘试块进行检测,验证了理论分析的正确性。检测结果表明,随着涡轮盘表面裂纹宽度和深度的增加,磁异常的宽度和峰值也相应增加,裂纹宽度相同时,深度越深,或者说深宽比越大,磁异常越明显,且裂纹产生的位置对定位精度存在一定的影响。该微磁检测方法为涡轮盘表面裂纹缺陷的有效检测提供了新的思路,能进一步推广应用于飞机发动机的其他部件,如转子叶片、涡轮轴等,以及飞机机身上具有相似磁学特性的材料的无损检测。     

Lunar Magnetic Field Observation and Initial Global Mapping of Lunar Magnetic Anomalies by MAP-LMAG Onboard SELENE (Kaguya)

The magnetic field around the Moon has been successfully observed at a nominal altitude of ～100 km by the lunar magnetometer (LMAG) on the SELENE (Kaguya) spacecraft in a polar orbit since October 29, 2007. The LMAG mission has three main objectives: (1) mapping the magnetic anomaly of the Moon, (2) measuring the electromagnetic and plasma environment around the Moon and (3) estimating the electrical conductivity structure of the Moon. Here we review the instrumentation and calibration of LMAG and report the initial global mapping of the lunar magnetic anomaly at the nominal altitude. We have applied a new de-trending technique of the Bayesian procedure to multiple-orbit datasets observed in the tail lobe and in the lunar wake. Based on the nominal observation of 14 months, global maps of lunar magnetic anomalies are obtained with 95% coverage of the lunar surface. After altitude normalization and interpolation of the magnetic anomaly field by an inverse boundary value problem, we obtained full-coverage maps of the vector magnetic field at 100 km altitude and the radial component distribution on the surface. Relatively strong anomalies are identified in several basin-antipode regions and several near-basin and near-crater regions, while the youngest basin on the Moon, the Orientale basin, has no magnetic anomaly. These features well agree with characteristics of previous maps based on the Lunar Prospector observation. Relatively weak anomalies are distributed over most of the lunar surface. The surface radial-component distribution estimated from the inverse boundary value problem in the present study shows a good correlation with the radial component distribution at 30 km altitude by Lunar Prospector. Thus these weak anomalies over the lunar surface are not artifacts but likely to be originated from the lunar crustal magnetism, suggesting possible existence of an ancient global magnetic field such as a dynamo field of the early Moon. The possibility of the early lunar dynamo and the mechanism of magnetization acquisition will be investigated by a further study using the low-altitude data of the magnetic field by Kaguya.     

不平路面上汽车制动过程建模与仿真分析

建立了汽车在不平路面上制动过程的动力学模型,提出了反映路谱对车轮制动影响的非线性时变轮胎力学模型,仿真计算了BJ-212汽车在随机路面上的制动过程,通过分析说明路面不平度对车辆制动性能存在显著的影响,得出了路面不平度增大时,汽车的制动距离增长,制动加速度减小等有价值的结论。     

一种航空图像道路中心线快速提取算法

经典的航空图像道路中心线提取算法针对非实时应用,计算耗时长,难以满足视觉辅助导航、实时地物识别等应用的要求。在研究了图像中道路法向和等效道路宽度的基础上,建立了近似道路法向和等效道路宽度模型来代替经典道路模型,提出了基于道路中心线的快速提取方法。对比实验的结果说明：快速提取方法和经典方法取得了相近的道路提取效果,计算耗时大大下降,可以满足实时性要求。     

一维钡铁氧体纳米线的制备及操控

采用Sol-gel法,以自制的AAO模板制备了直径40～60nm,长度为150～200nm的一维BaFe12O19纳米线.利用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),振动样品磁强计(VSM)对BaFe12O19纳米线的组成、形貌与磁性能进行了研究.在外磁场的驱动下,对一维BaFe12O19纳米线进行操控.研究发现:BaFe12O19纳米线的易磁化方向平行其轴线方向,且操控后,BaFe12O19纳米线定向连接成“链”,当磁场与BaFe12O19纳米链阵列平行(∥)时,纳米链的剩余磁化强度(Mr)、饱和磁化强度(Ms)和最大磁能积(BH)m都得到增强.矫顽力(He)由3.98×105A/m增大至5.01×105 A/m,矩形比为0.9,可成为优异的高密度垂直磁记录材料.     

Application of Road Information in Ground Moving Target Tracking

A new algorithm is developed to achieve accurate state estimation in ground moving target tracking by means of using road information. It is an adaptive variable structure interacting multiple model estimator with dynamic models modification （DMM VS-IMM for short）. Firstly, road information is employed to modify the target dynamic models used by filter, including modification of state transition matrix and process noise. Secondly, road information is applied to update the model set of a VS-IMM estimator. Predicted state estimation and road information are used to locate the target in the road network on which the model set is updated and finally IMM filtering is implemented. As compared with traditional methods, the accuracy of state estimation is improved for target moving not only on a single road, but also through an intersection. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm with moderate computational loads.     

随机路面激励下车载无人机的载荷响应与仿真

建立了五自由度的车载无人机的振动系统在随机路面激励下的数学模型，并获得路面不平度双激励下的功率谱矩阵，运用功率谱密度法求得频域上的频响特性和加速度的均方值。由路面功率谱反推路面不平度的方法，对A、B、C和D4个国家等级路面不平度交替冲击的复杂情况进行了时域模拟，运用MAT-LAB的Simulink工具，仿真了无人机在一次运载任务剖面中的载荷响应。