Retro-reflective Beamforming Technique with Applications in Wireless Power Transmission

Retro-reflective beamforming technique has the potential of enabling efficient wireless power transmission over long distance(on the order of meters and even kilometers). In retro-reflective beamforming,wireless power transmission is guided by pilot signal:Based upon pilot signal broadcasted by a wireless power receiver,a wireless power transmitter delivers focused microwave power beam(s)onto the location of wireless power receiver. When the wireless power receiver's location is not fixed or when the wireless power receiver's location is unknown to the wireless power transmitter,the microwave power beam would follow the wireless power receiver's location dynamically as long as the wireless power receiver broadcasts pilot signal periodically. This paper reviews our research endeavors in recent years on retro-reflective beamforming technique targeting three applications:(1) wireless charging for low-power mobile/portable electronic devices,(2)space solar power satellites(SSPS)application,and(3)wireless charging in fully-enclosed space. The feasibility and potential of retro-reflective beamforming technique with applications in wireless power transmission are demonstrated by some preliminary experimental results.     

Simulation Tools for a Fiber-Optic Based Structural Health Monitoring System

Probability of detection(POD)graphics allow for a change from qualitative to quantitative assessment for every damage detection system,and as such it is a main request for conventional non-destructive testing(NDT)techniques.Its availability can greatly help towards the industrialization of the corresponding Structural health monitoring(SHM)system.But having in mind that for SHM systems the sensors are at fixed positions,and the location of a potential damage would change its detectability.Consequently robust simulation tools are required to obtain the model assisted probability of detection(MAPOD)which is needed to validate the SHM system.This tool may also help for the optimization of the sensor distribution,and finally will allow a probabilistic risk management.INDEUS,simulation of ultrasonic waves SHM system,was a main milestone in this direction.This article deals with the simulation tools for a strain based SHM system,using fiber optic sensors(FOS).FOS are essentially strain/temperature sensors,either with multi-point or with distributed sensing.The simulation tool includes the finite element model(FEM)for the original and damaged structure,and algorithms to compare the strain data at the pre-established sensors locations,and from this comparison to extract information about damage occurrence and location.The study has been applied to the structure of an all-composite unmanned aircraft vehicle(UAV)now under construction,designed at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid for the inspection of electrical utilities networks.Distributed sensing optical fibers were internally bonded at the fuselage and wing.Routine inspection is planned to be done with the aircraft at the test bench by imposing known loads.From the acquired strain data,damage occurrence may be calculated as slight deviations from the baselines.This is a fast inspection procedure without requiring trained specialists,and it would allow for detection of hidden damages.Simulation indicates that stringer partial debondings are detected before they become critical,while small delaminations as those produced by barely visible impact damages would require a prohibited number of sensing lines.These simulation tools may easily be applied to any other complex structure,just by changing the FEM models.From these results it is shown how a fiber optic based SHM system may be used as a reliable damage detection procedure.     

光纤液位检测系统的研制

介绍了南京航空航天大学研制成功的新型光纤式液位检测系统的工作原理，结构组成和技术特点，这种系统采用新颖的液位传感探头，应用了先进的光纤传感器技术及微电子信号处理装置，因此具有耐腐蚀，防燃，防爆，抗电磁干扰，体积小，重量轻等优点，这种系统特别适用于航空及石油化工等领域的液位检测，还具体介绍了已成功地应用于我国农业飞机的五通道光纤液位检测系统，此项技术在航空上的应用，充分说明了该研制成果具有很好的先进     

全尺寸飞机疲劳试验过程中的无损检测及声发射监测技术研究

本文介绍了在全尺寸飞机疲劳试验过程中的无损检测和声发射监测的技术细节,说明了如何根据监测目标任务要求,确定传感器位置和安装方案、进行声传播通道性能测试、材料声发射(AE)性能研究和考证整个检测系统工作的平稳性。讨论了如何合理设置数据采集系统的参数,研究了背景噪声的变化规律,并特别研究了同疲劳裂纹形成和扩展有关的声发射信号的特征及如何从强背景噪声环境中获得有用AE信号。论文以中央翼-外翼连接区域和起落架上枢轴接头等关键部位为例,说明实施监测的方法。由于疲劳试验特别强调监测结果的实时性和及时性,在声发射信号处理方面,作者利用趋势分析,基于时间、空间的滤波和基于幅度和能量分布等多种信号处理方式,以及多参数综合识别技术对一些关键部位的状态进行了声发射连续跟踪监测,为保证全尺寸飞机机体部件疲劳试验的顺利进行起到了重要作用。     

Double Peak Derived from Piezoelectric Coefficient Nonlinearity and Proposal for Self-Powered Systems

With the development of wireless sensor network(WSN)applications in intelligent monitoring,additional support for the low power consumption wireless nodes can be provided by piezoceramics that harvest vibrational energy.First,we describe the effects of stimulation variations on piezoceramics and the energy harvesting circuit set-up.Two types of piezoceramics were stimulated at different frequencies and amplitudes to obtain the power output characteristics.Then,the energy harvesting circuit was studied and coupled with the piezoceramics.A double peak phenomenon was found in energy harvesting using a hard piezoceramic which gave a direct proof that the nonlinearity of the piezo constant should be considered in application.Finally,energy storage and output were studied and analyzed.Electronic components for the WSN were recommended according to the output power and the application.The results will give an instruction for piezoceramic energy harvesting under various stress amplitudes on its implementation.     

干式变压器数据采集与控制系统的设计

介绍了一种基于V/F变换的高精度干式变压器数据采集与控制系统 ,采用LM2 3 1A/F变换芯片和89C5 2单片机实现工业现场测量对象的A/D转换。V/F变换器具有高精度 ,高线形度 ,且外围电路简单的特点。采用单片机直接与V/F变换器连接进行A/D转换 ,不需要额外的硬件电路 ,充分利用硬件资源 ,精心设计软件 ,系统分辨率可达 12位 ,转换精度可达 0 .0 2 %。当传感器与上位机距离较远时 ,可以采用RS -4 85接口或无线数据发送 /接收模块实现远距离的数据通信     

利用单片机控制的LD驱动系统研究

介绍了一种利用单片机控制的半导体激光（LD）驱动电源，该电源通过控制LD的工作电流和温度以及采用了可靠的保护电路，实现了LD光功率稳定、可靠、准确输出。     

分布式光纤微弯应变传感器

分布式应变传感器对大型重要工程结构的应变状态的实时测量具有重要的应用价值.本文研究了一种基于光时域反射技术的准分布式光纤应变传感器系统,沿光纤分布各局部点的应变信息由一种新颖结构的微弯应变传感器提取.实验研究表明,此微弯应变传感器在一定的工作范围内有较高的灵敏度、较好的线性度和重复性.     

气动补偿空速管高速风洞试验技术研究

为了在FL-21风洞中标定气动补偿空速管,有必要分析试验数据的精准度要求。对流场特性测量与分析、试验方法改进、试验标模系统的建立等方面的研究,提高了气动补偿空速管的试验测量精度和稳定性,为气动补偿空速管用于飞机/导弹的测高测速系统改造和设计提供了可靠的依据。     

低空突防中的多传感器信息融合技术研究

当飞机超低空贴地飞行、航路上多障碍物时,机载传感器容易失效。针对这一情况,本文首先论述了低空突防过程中,机载多传感器系统必须采取的有效信息融合措施;然后对容错控制问题进行了讨论,给出一个多传感器故障检测与隔离算法,使用该算法容易剔除失效的传感器,并将多传感器系统进行重构,降低了失效传感器数据对系统的污染程度;接着给出一个简单实用的分散滤波算法,该算法使得各有效传感器的数据被并行处理,且各局部处理器之间无需数据交换,需存储的数据量较少,提高了系统的实时性,最后的仿真算例说明了这一点     

耐高温动态压力传感器与实验分析研究

采用微机械电子系统（Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems，MEMS）和硅隔离（Silicon on Insulator，SOI）技术制作出了量程为25MPa的倒杯式耐高温压阻力敏芯片，敏感电阻条与硅基底之间采用二氧化硅隔离，解决了在大于120℃高温下力敏芯片工作稳定性和可靠性的难题。设计了齐平式机械封装结构，避免了管腔效应影响，提高了传感器的动态响应频率。对研制出的耐高温动态压力传感器进行了静态性能和动态性能的标定实验，静态实验温度为250℃，得到了传感器基本性能参数，分析了传感器的不确定度，得出该传感器的基本误差为±0.114%FS（Full Scale，全量程），不确定度为0.01794mV，计算得到了传感器的热零点漂移和热灵敏度漂移指标，由动态性能实验得到传感器的响应频率为555.6kHz，实验表明所研制的MEMS压力传感器在高温下具有良好的精度和固有频率。     

单端固支铝合金结构应变监测与反演方法

针对直升机主承力结构,如桨叶关 键区域应力应变场监测需求，研究相应分布式在线监测技术及其应变场反演方法，从而为直升机结构健康状态评估与结构变形实时辨识提供依据。借助Patran/Nastran仿真软件分别对单端固支铝合金梁与板结构进行有限元仿真，给出基于光纤光栅传感器与电阻应变式传感器的基本配置规则，提出了基于三次B样条函数插值算法的单端固支铝合金结构应变场反 演方法。在此基础上，构建了基于光纤布拉格光栅和电阻应变片的分布式应变在线监测系统。研究表明，本文监测方法合理、可行。     

一种金属结构裂纹监测的薄膜传感器设计

针对金属结构服役过程中裂纹实时监测的需求,设计了一种基于电位法原理的裂纹监测薄膜传感器。首先,建立了该薄膜传感器的有限元模型并对传感器输出特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:通过分析各监测点之间的电位差变化可以判断裂纹扩展方向和长度。其次,应用离子镀技术在铝合金中心孔试件表面制备了薄膜传感器,薄膜传感器与基体表面结合良好。最后,进行了基于薄膜传感器的裂纹监测试验。实验结果表明:通过分析相邻两次监测数据的变化程度可以判断裂纹所处的扩展阶段。     

基于全向移动与多点柔性支撑的飞机大部件运输技术

为实现飞机大部件车间级运输机动灵活,基于全向移动技术,提出了一种飞机大部件全向移动运输平台,以满足大尺寸空间、重载条件的运输作业要求;为改变当前企业一车一用、专车专用现象,基于柔性的思想,提出了一种多点柔性支撑系统。结合某型飞机机翼大部件特点,实际研制了一辆全向移动柔性运输架车样车,在此基础上开发了相应控制与离线编程系统。研究结果表明:架车可以实现较高精度的全向移动,具有较大的灵活性,能够满足飞机部件柔性运输要求。     

长空无人机驾驶仪的单片微机控制电路设计

本文研究了长空无人机系列驾驶仪的单片微机控制电路,经反复论证和优选,采用8752单片机构成基本的数字逻辑处理系统,并配以监控、黑匣子、接口和数模变换等电路。从而大大提高了控制系统的可靠性和控制功能。该电路取代了驾驶仪中传统的模拟电路。使长空无人机系列驾驶仪上了一个台阶。经各种试验和装机使用,取得了成功。     

Anchoring Bolt Detection Based on Morphological Filtering and Variational Modal Decomposition

The pull test is a damaging detection method that fails to measure the actual length of a bolt. Thus,the ultrasonic echo is an important non-destructive testing method for bolt quality detection. In this research,the variational modal decomposition(VMD)method is introduced into the bolt detection signal analysis. On the basis of morphological filtering(MF) and the VMD method,a VMD-combined MF principle is established into a bolt detection signal analysis method(MF-VMD). MF-VMD is used to analyze the vibration and actual bolt detection signals of the simulation. Results show that MF-VMD effectively separates intrinsic mode function,even under strong interference. In comparison with conventional VMD method,the proposed method can remove noise interference. An intrinsic mode function of the field detection signal can be effectively identified by reflecting the signal at the bottom of the bolt.     

具有光纤神经系统的新颖复合材料结构的发展及展望

本文综合介绍了近年来国外迅速发展的具有光纤神经系统的新颖复合材料结构的研究成果及发展趋势。提出了埋设于复合材料内部的光纤系统将成为未来飞行器结构的“神经网络系统”而使结构成为“智能结构”等新概念。文章较详细地阐述了这种新颖结构在制造和使用过程中在应变、变形、固化、损伤、疲劳等检测方面的具体应用及发展趋势。     

基于案例推理的TCAS板卡深度故障诊断研究

TCAS是保证飞机安全飞行的重要保障。本文分析了TCAS板卡的故障模型和电路结构,在故障诊断系统中引入案例推理方法,对增强TCAS板卡深度故障诊断的效率有很大帮助。     

临近空间飞行器控制器热设计与热分析

临近空间飞行器电子设备集成度高、体积小、功率大，导致发热量大大提高，而其又直接工作在恶劣的空间热环境，因此，空间大功率电子设备的热设计成为未来飞行器安全、高效飞行的关键因素之一。本文针对临近空间的热环境特点，结合控制单元的工作模式，采用冷板散热、热控涂层、低热阻途径以及提高换热效率等有效方法对电子设备进行热设计。在结构设计基础上，用商业软件ANSYS ICEM CFD进行前处理，用FLUENT进行模拟热仿真，并对结果进行分析后给出3种合理优化的设计方案。仿真结果表明，增加冷板边缘处面积、增大辐射散热和自然对流换热表面积的设计方案可以有效地将控制器温度控制在293.15~318.15 K高效可靠的工作温度之间。     

无线传感网络中神经网络路由算法

针对大规模传感网络的特点,提出了一种新的神经网络的路由优化算法。该算法在满足时延约束条件下能快速选择出最小能耗的优化路由。同时文中给出能量函数各参数之间的关系,并证明了通过适当选取参数,可保证网络的可行解将是渐进稳定的。计算实例表明了该算法的可行性。最后通过不同规模的网络仿真,显示该算法可有效地用于大规模无线传感网络。