基于数据融合的MEMS阵列加速度传感器实现方法

针对单MEMS加速度计性能有限无法满足实际工程中日益复杂且严苛的检测需求的问题,提出了一种基于数据融合的MEMS阵列加速度传感器实现方法。首先,设计了MEMS阵列加速度传感器的系统架构,并分析了对数据融合算法的技术需求;然后,针对已有的数据融合技术无法满足MEMS阵列加速度传感器的精度与实时性要求的问题,提出了基于离散对数映射的自整定加权融合算法,在此基础上,设计了MEMS阵列加速度传感器的仿真验证方案。仿真实验结果表明,提出的方法通过三个不同范围MEMS加速度计的阵列集成提高了信号检测能力,相比于最优拼接法其平均损失降低了6.1%,且融合数据精度优于各个加速度传感器的原始仿真数据,是高性能MEMS阵列加速度传感器的有效实现方案。     

基于矢量观测的航天器分段信息融合定姿方法

针对基于MEMS(微机电系统)陀螺和CMOS APS星敏感器的集成惯性/星光姿态确定系统的低精度特点,研究了适用于该定姿系统的基于矢量观测的定姿算法.对于陀螺/星敏感器这种配置模式,有EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)、QUEST、最优REQUEST等几种适用的定姿算法.针对EKF和最优REQUEST算法的不同特点并结合确定性算法QUEST,以四元数为姿态参数,将姿态估计的EKF方法分别与QUEST算法和最优REQUEST算法进行了融合,提出一种分段信息融合的姿态估计器:陀螺漂移估计误差较大时,将EKF与QUEST结合,快速估计出陀螺漂移.当陀螺漂移误差减小到一定程度,再切换为EKF与最优REQUEST算法融合的双重滤波器.仿真比较结果表明,这种分段信息融合的姿态估计器既可以估计姿态参数也可以估计陀螺漂移,并能达到很高的定姿精度.     

卫星姿态容错控制系统的鲁棒自适应逆最优控制

针对卫星姿态控制系统中的执行机构和敏感器故障问题,将系统不确定性参数作为在线估计自适应参数,并考虑系统故障检测与诊断结果的不确定性,基于逆最优原理采用积分反推方法求解辅助系统的自适应控制Lyapunov函数,设计了能够确保原系统鲁棒稳定的自适应逆最优控制器并给出了详细的证明。最后进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明文中设计的容错控制方法合理有效。     

星座分布式自主定轨中信息融合方法比较研究

为了保证大型导航星座在有限的星载运算能力和通信能力下，具备自主运行能力并提供精准位置参考信息，对基于分层结构的星座分布式自主定轨的信息融合方法展开了研究。以地月卫星联合星座作为研究对象，将简单凸组合法、协方差交叉融合法以及在线性最小方差意义下的矩阵加权法和标量加权法等方法应用于子滤波器估计的融合中，对各种融合方法的性能进行了对比分析。仿真结果显示，在采用方差放大技术去相关设计星座分布式自主定轨算法基础上，采用简单凸组合法、矩阵加权法和标量加权法3种融合方法的定轨精度较高，与集中式滤波精度相当，其中标量加权法的计算代价最低；而协方差交叉融合法由于难以准确确定最优系数，其精度低于其他3种方法。      

异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的 MATLAB仿真

介绍了一种基于MATLAB的异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的仿真方法.在分析了直接转矩控制系统的结构和工作特点之后,结合MATLAB提供的仿真环境和各种工具箱设计了一个能分析整个系统性能的仿真系统.包括利用功率系统工具箱实现功率部分的仿真;通过编写自定义的S-FUNCTION实现各种复杂的控制算法;以及在SIMULINK环境下结合已有的各种工具箱实现系统的建模.最后给出了一个利用MATLAB对异步电动机直接转矩控制系统进行仿真的实例,为追求整体性能的提高提供了一个好的工具.     

基于有限存储空间的分布式传感器融合估计器

研究具有信息传输模型不确定性、随机时间延迟和数据丢包的网络化多传感器分布式融合估计问题。模型的不确定性刻画为系统矩阵中的非高斯非白噪声干扰，在远程处理中心处设置有限长度的存储空间用来存储各个传感器延迟到达的测量值。在最小方差原则下设计了一种利用测量值到达变量的最优常增益局部估计器，利用协方差交叉加权方法得到最优分布式融合估计器并推导得到使得估计器有界的条件。最后，通过某电源系统计算实例仿真验证所提融合估计器的有效性。     

基于CDD函数的ICT系统设计技术

工业计算机层析成像(ICT,Industrial Computed Tomography)是一种先进的非接触式无损 检测技术,具有复杂精密、非通用和高成本的特点,需要根据用户的具体检测需求进行定制 开发,以降低系统研发风险和成本.为此,提出并研究了一种基于对比度-细节-剂量(CDD ,Contrast-Detail-Dose)函数的ICT系统设计技术框架.据此,推导了扇束三代二维ICT 系统基于CDD函数的设计平台,并完成了软件开发.该项技术包括基于CDD函数的计算机辅助 设计(CAD,Computer Aided Design)模块、扇束三代二维ICT成像数字仿真模块和CT图像 性能评定模块3部分.其输入参数是表征用户检测需求的初始设计参数,输出参数是满足用户 检测需求的最优解.初始设计参数首先进入CAD模块完成性能考核;如果满足要求,再进入仿 真模块完成仿真考核;最后,对仿真结果进行量化评定,得到设计参数对应的系统性能指标 .计算机仿真和工程系统开发结果验证了该设计技术的有效性.      

多传感器数据融合中的鲁棒检测技术

研究了多传感器数据融合中的鲁棒检测技术.检测问题中设计最优决策规则通常需要知道观测量的统计特性,在实际系统中对观测量的统计特性一般只知道一部分或完全不了解,此时可采用寻找最不利分布设计系统的决策规则.从数据融合的观点来看,鲁棒分布检测在信息的传输、系统的容错等方面优于鲁棒集中检测.最后研究了当N个传感器工作频率不同时的数据压缩方法.      

基于深度学习的无人机视觉目标检测与跟踪

针对目标检测中小目标物体漏检率及误检率高等问题,提出了一种基于Yolov3-Tiny算法的改进模型。改进k-means聚类方法,增加3×3和1×1的卷积池化层,将第9层卷积输出上采样,并与第8层卷积得到的特征图进行连接,得到新的输出:52×52卷积层,形成新的特征金字塔。基于卡尔曼滤波算法实现目标跟踪,提出融合跟踪算法的检测网络,使用匈牙利匹配算法对检测边缘框与跟踪边缘框进行最优匹配,利用跟踪结果修正检测结果,提高了检测速度,同时提升了检测能力。在ROS、Gazebo和自动驾驶仪软件PX4的综合仿真环境下对所提算法进行了对比试验。试验结果表明:改进算法平均检测速度降低了15.6%,mAP提高了6.5%。融合跟踪算法后的网络平均检测速度提高了34.2%,mAP提高了8.6%。融合跟踪算法后的网络能够满足系统实时性和准确性的要求。      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.