基于非线性多基站分布式混沌随机共振方法的无线通信系统定位技术研究

针对传统的无线定位方法容易受到接收信号信噪比低和无法接收直射信号的影响,将导致其性能下降乃至严重时方法失效。提出了一种基于非线性多基站分布式混沌随机共振信号增强技术的无线通信系统定位方法,通过利用基站端的接收阵列构造接收信号的分布式功率谱,并对多个接收基站的分布式功率谱进行融合,可以较为有效地解决上述问题。通过仿真,验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性,与传统无线定位方法相比,该方法的定位精度得到了有效改善。     

Performance improvement for constellation SAR using signal processing techniques

A new concept of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) implementation has recently been proposed - the constellation of small spaceborne SAR systems. In this implementation, several formation-flying small satellites cooperate to perform multiple space missions. We investigate the possibility to produce high-resolution wide-area SAR images and fine ground moving-target indicator (GMTI) performance with constellation of small spaceborne SAR systems. In particular, we focus on the problems introduced by this particular SAR system, such as Doppler ambiguities, high sparseness of the satellite array, and array element errors. A space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approach combined with conventional SAR imaging algorithms is proposed which can solve these problems to some extent. The main idea of the approach is to use a STAP-based method to properly overcome the aliasing effect caused by the lower pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) and thereby retrieve the unambiguous azimuth wide (full) spectrum signals from the received echoes. Following this operation, conventional SAR data processing tools can be applied to focus the SAR images fully. The proposed approach can simultaneously achieve both high-resolution SAR mapping of wide ground scenes and GMTI with high efficiency. To obtain array element errors, an array auto-calibration technique is proposed to estimate them based on the angular and Doppler ambiguity analysis of the clutter echo. The optimizing of satellite formations is also analyzed, and a platform velocity/PRF criterion for array configurations is presented. An approach is given to make it possible that almost any given sparse array configuration can satisfy the criterion by slightly adjusting the PRF. Simulated results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

Correlation Function for a 1/f Spectrum

The performance of ground surveillance radars depends on the spatial correlation, or spectrum, of the radar returns. Many radar terrain images are suspected to have a I/f spatial spectrum. This spectrum is thought to be difficult to handle mathematically in modeling and analysis because of its singularity at zero frequency and its infinite energy. A two-dimensional, band-limited I/f spectrum has neither of these problems: this is convenient for modeling and analysis in any practical system because the sensor measuring of an image always introduces band limiting, even if the natural phenomena are not band limited. Also shows the presence of terrain with a 1/f spectrum will not be readily apparent from the correlation function of the terrain image because the shape of the correlation function is largely determined by the sensor band limit and not by the underlying spectrum.     

Aperture Sampling Techniques for Precision Direction Finding

The resolution and tracking of radar targets which are close to. gether is a classical problem which is receiving increased attention. Improving the angular resolution by sampling the received wave front along the aperture and then applying modern "high resolution" spectrum estimation techniques (e. g., maximum likelihood and maximum entropy processing) to the spatial sample data is discussed. Experimental results are presented for the application ion of these techniques to field data from a L- band line array.     

无人机高速DS/FH混合扩频通信系统关键模块设计

针对UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,无人机)测控链路高抗干扰需求,给出了实现跳频速率20 000次/s的扩跳混合无人机测控数据链系统实现方案.系统采用跳频频率并行捕获模式.跳频源设计采用直接频率合成、DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis,直接数字频率合成)和PLL (Phase-Locked Loop,锁相环)相结合的混合频率合成技术.利用相位响应滤波器,通过正交调制技术完成MSK(Minimum Shift Keying,最小频移键控)、GMSK (GaussianMinimum Shift Keying,高斯最小频移键控)调制.通过推导得出2 bit差分解调输出与载波频率选择有关,且为四分之数据率的整数倍关系.然后通过实例分析给出了跳频频率间隔选取方法,即跳频间隔应当将临近跳频的主瓣分开,同时跳频载波频率应当设在其他跳频频谱的零点处.最后总结了高速扩跳频系统参数设计一般步骤.     

某涡扇发动机分布式控制系统设计与总线性能

针对国内某型涡扇发动机,以该机目前采用的集中式FADEC为基础,依据地域分散原则,设计了一种发动机部分分布式控制系统结构,并对发动机控制系统中的传输信号进行了合理划分;对发动机采用分布式控制进行了总线通信需求分析;选择时间触发CAN总线作为发动机分布式控制系统通信总线,并进行了通信方案设计;利用TrueTime构建了分布式控制仿真系统,研究了网络时延、掉包对发动机性能的影响.研究表明:在250kbit/s和1Mbit/s带宽下,总线利用率分别为50%和12.34%,满足通信要求;250kbit/s带宽下所设计时间触发系统的网络诱导时延为12ms,高压转子转速上升时间延迟0.02s,而网络随机掉包使发动机响应明显变慢,设计时需要加以考虑.      

一种基于短时机动试飞数据的动力学辨识优化方法

飞行动力学辨识算法的一个关键问题是,如何通过简单的机动获取所关心频率范围的响应特性。短时倍脉冲是一种易于实施的激励信号,兼顾试飞安全性与经济性,但与频域辨识法通常使用的扫频输入激励相比,短时机动频谱范围窄、信噪比低,一般难以得到准确的辨识结果。对如何基于短时机动飞行试验数据,提高辨识结果准确性的问题进行了研究。首先分析了经典Welch谱估计进行时域-频域转换过程中,影响非参数模型辨识精度的主要因素,提出了削减窗函数边缘缩减效应的数据预处理方法,并结合多窗口综合技术,提高频域特性辨识结果的精度。在参数化模型辨识过程中,针对有限频谱范围,提出了利用相干函数和功率谱密度加权综合,确定等效拟配的频率范围和频率节点的自适应方法,使得低阶等效拟配与输入激励信号高度相关,提高参数化模型辨识的精度、一致性和适应性。通过不同类型飞机的大量短时机动和少量扫频飞行试验数据模型辨识的工程应用示例,验证了动力学辨识优化方法算法稳定、结果准确,可满足飞行品质模态特性评价等应用需求。     

On Team Games: A Computational Structural Analysis

Team games are studied here with one performance index for the team as a unit in competition with one common opponent. A structural analysis is presented with the intent to simplify the computation of optimal decision and communication processes. The minimum principle and calculus of variations are used to compute time-optimal and quadratic-optimal trajectories for certain linear "pursuit-evasion" games. A composition method is presented to compute an approximate solution to the two-versus-one problem from the solution to two one-versus-one problems. Help zones of a second pursuer to assist in the "capture" of an evader are derived. The hierarchical command and communication structure for a quadratic linear game of N pursuers and one evader is derived. An approximation is generated which has a convenient ripple or recursive structure.     

Fast converging adaptive processor or a structured covariance matrix

The use of adaptive linear techniques to solve signal processing problems is needed particularly when the interference environment external to the signal processor (such as for a radar or communication system) is not known a priori. Due to this lack of knowledge of an external environment, adaptive techniques require a certain amount of data to cancel the external interference. The number of statistically independent samples per input sensor required so that the performance of the adaptive processor is close (nominally within 3 dB) to the optimum is called the convergence measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the processor. The minimization of the convergence MOE is important since in many environments the external interference changes rapidly with time. Although there are heuristic techniques in the literature that provide fast convergence for particular problems, there is currently not a general solution for arbitrary interference that is derived via classical theory. A maximum likelihood (ML) solution (under the assumption that the input interference is Gaussian) is derived here for a structured covariance matrix that has the form of the identity matrix plus an unknown positive semi-definite Hermitian (PSDH) matrix. This covariance matrix form is often valid in realistic interference scenarios for radar and communication systems. Using this ML estimate, simulation results are given that show that the convergence is much faster than the often-used sample matrix inversion method. In addition, the ML solution for a structured covariance matrix that has the aforementioned form where the scale factor on the identity matrix is arbitrarily lower-bounded, is derived. Finally, an efficient implementation is presented.     

网络连接机群上CFD计算的一种负载平衡方法

讨论在网络连接的分布式存储并行机群上进行CFD计算的一种负载平衡方法和相关问题。当数值计算的方法是区域分解法时,各节点机上的负载与其处理的子区域的网格节点数成正比,所以同样大小的子区域可保证负载平衡。采用负载再分配即区域再剖分的方法来达到动态负载平衡,构造了一种对多块网格(每块内为结构网格但各块间的连接关系可以是非结构的)进行近似平均分划的方法,并用一种数据结构和算法保证了剖分出的多个子区之间正确的互联和边界信息传递关系。给出了用这种剖分算法对常见多块网格进行分划的例子,并对三维流场进行了实际计算。结果证明本文方法是正确的,能有效地均衡计算负载,达到较理想的并行效率。     

跨流域三维复杂绕流问题的气体运动论并行计算

通过研究求解描述跨流域三维绕流问题的Boltzmann模型方程气体运动论耦合迭代数值格式,分析气体运动论数值计算方法的内在并行性;从变量依赖关系、数据通信与并行可扩展性三方面开展基于离散速度空间区域分解计算的研究,发展求解稀薄流到连续流跨流域三维复杂绕流问题的并行算法。通过对不同Knudsen数、不同马赫数、不同攻角三维球体及返回舱绕流的并行计算,计算结果与实验数据和理论分析吻合较好。研究表明,该并行算法负载平衡和并行可扩展性较好,对不同并行计算机系统具有很好适应性,显示直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体运动论计算方法有良好的并行计算特性。     

NT平台上扩频接收机和计算机之间数据通信的研究

为了满足遥测数据实时处理和联网通信的要求,选用了 Windows NT操作系统,制订了扩频接收机和计算机之间的通信协议,研究了 NT平台上 PIO和 DMA两种数据传输的方式,并针对数据传输率为4 0.2 6kbit/s的课题要求,实际编写了 NT设备驱动程序和用户检测程序,实现了总线插卡式的扩频接收机和计算机之间数据通信。     

Acquisition of Pseudonoise Codes in FH Systems

Acquisition schemes for acquiring pseudonoise (PN) signals in a frequency hopping (FH), spread spectrum (SS) system are presented. For the purpose of acquiring the PN code the received signal is modeled by an autoregressive (AR) process. The parameters of the AR process are determined by identifying a related set of parameters called the partial correlation coefficients. The power spectrum of the received signal and hence the PN code is estimated from the identified AR parameters. The high accuracy of the estimated PN codes permits the use of a simple error correcting logic to accelerate the acquisition process.     

扩频通信系统伪码相位跟踪环性能研究

在现代通信系统中,对于全数字化扩频接收机来说,由于伪码跟踪环中鉴相器具有非线性特性,所以有可能使扩频通信环路工作在非线性区域。本文分析了一种非相干伪码跟踪环路的线性以及非线性跟踪性能,并得到了环路的收敛域与收敛条件,这些分析结果对环路参数的设计都是至关重要的。     

The Advent of Land Mobile Satellite Service Systems

The practicality of providing cellular-type communications service to underserved remote areas of the country is now possible through the use of satellites in geostationary orbit. The advent of high-power, land-mobile satellites, coupled with high-performance, low-cost ground receivers, makes it possible to provide mobile radio, mobile telephone, data communication, and other services to large numbers of rural and suburban users. A recent Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decision has allocated L-band (1.5 GHz, 1.6 GHz) spectrum to this service. Even though there is a significant amount of spectrum available at L-band, the expected demand for this service is high and spectral efficient means must be devised to maintain sufficient capacity. Expedient means used to increase capacity, in the absence of additional spectrum, are single channel per carrier, demand assignment multiple access (SCPC-DAMA) with voice, frequency reuse via multiple beams, and orbital reuse by using multiple satellites. Some of the operational, systemic, and technological considerations of the first generation land mobile satellite service (LMSS) that would provide thin-route services to large land masses of North America are considered here.     

飞机发动外场滑油光谱问题的研究

滑油光谱异常是飞机发动机外场使用中遇到的主要问题之一。通过对“光谱”问题的研究，确定了发动机在外场出现“光谱”问题后应进行的检查工作和流程，并归纳出几种主要的“光谱”问题表现形式，结合返厂发动机分解检查结果，分析其产生的原因。由于存在“光谱”问题的发动机数量较多，必须按照流程规范地开展工作，进行系统完整的数据分析和实物检查，对每台发动机的状态进行综合评估，根据“光谱”问题的严重程度，发动机结构是否产生损伤和发动机其它参数情况，决定有“光谱”问题的发动机是否可以继续使用，尽可能避免或减少发动机返厂，以保证该型发动机外场持续使用。     

基于VB6.0的PLC与上位计算机的串行通信

介绍了Mitsubishi的A系列PLC与上位计算机的串行通信程序设计方法 ,讨论了在程序设计中需要注意的问题 ,并给出部分采用VB6 .0实现的串行通信程序     

Increasing Frequency Spectrum Utilization in Mobile Systems

In mobile radio communication systems, one of the most significant problems is to use the radio frequency spectrum as efficiently as possible, because the radio frequency spectrum is finite. This paper classifies a variety of techniques for increasing frequency spectrum utilization. Next, it is clarified that our proposed ``new channel assignment algorithm' is more efficient than other algorithms through simulation analysis.     

基于区实混合序列相似度的异步不等速率航迹关联算法

在分布式多目标跟踪系统中,由于局部传感器开机时间、采样频率以及通信延迟不同等原因,导致来自各传感器的局部航迹往往是异步不等速率的。目前一般的方法是先进行时域配准再进行航迹关联,但是在同步化的过程中,航迹估计值的误差会发生传播,影响航迹关联的性能。针对此问题,提出了一种基于区实混合序列相似度的异步不等速率航迹关联算法。算法首先通过区间数-实数混合序列变换(IRST)得到等长度的航迹行为序列,然后定义一种新的序列差异信息度量,得到混合序列的相似度,以此进行航迹关联判定。仿真实验表明,该算法可以有效地解决异步不等速率航迹关联问题,并且通信延迟和数据乱序对算法性能的影响不明显。