复合材料板拉/压-剪复合载荷屈曲相关方程

利用轴向拉伸/压缩和面内剪切载荷构建了一个相互作用函数,并将其通过幂级数展开成二次多项式,利用单轴试验测试的复合材料板屈曲载荷,基于数学原理和合理的假设,推导确定了多项式的各项待定系数,构建了轴向拉伸/压缩和剪切复合载荷下的复合材料板屈曲相关方程,从数学上理性地解决了传统屈曲相关方程不适用于复合材料板（尤其是非均衡铺层板）的问题。利用提出的相关方程预测了4种不同的非均衡铺层复合材料板在轴向拉伸/压缩和剪切载荷作用下的屈曲相关曲线,并与有限元特征值法的模拟结果进行了对比,两者具有很好的一致性,而对于传统相关方程,其铺层的非均衡性越大则预测误差越大。最后通过均衡铺层的复合材料加筋壁板的压剪复合试验进一步证明了提出的相关方程的有效性。     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.     

复合材料机身帽型长桁加筋壁板压缩屈曲及失效特性研究

大型客机机身壁板材料现已广泛采用碳纤维复合材料,研究壁板的屈曲及失效特性对提高结构设计效率具有重要的意义。采用工程分析、有限元分析和试验三种方法研究压缩载荷下复合材料机身帽型加筋壁板的屈曲载荷、失效载荷和失效模式;通过工程方法和有限元方法研究压缩载荷下壁板的屈曲形式和载荷,采用 Von Karman 法修正的柱失稳方法研究壁板在压缩载荷下的承载能力;依靠先进的机身壁板多轴载荷试验系统完成 3 m×2 m 机身壁板的压缩载荷试验、压缩充压复合载荷试验,验证并完善工程和有限元分析方法。结果表明：屈曲分析时需要对工程分析和有限元方法进行修正,失效分析时采用修正的柱失稳方法的分析结果比试验结果略保守。     

铝锂合金加筋壁板剪切屈曲性能

为研究剪切载荷下2A97铝锂合金加筋壁板的屈曲与后屈曲行为,设计了加筋壁板和夹具,完成了壁板的剪切试验;得到了加筋壁板的失稳载荷、破坏载荷以及破坏模式;采用受剪板屈曲与张力场理论计算了加筋壁板的剪切屈曲失稳载荷;建立有限元数值计算模型对加筋壁板屈曲行为进行计算分析,并将数值结果与试验结果对比。结果表明：加筋壁板的屈曲模式为筋条间蒙皮的局部屈曲;加筋壁板的破坏模式为沿加载对角线方向蒙皮的凸起,破坏原因为蒙皮的塑性变形、撕裂以及筋条的扭转变形;利用张力场理论可以得到较准确的屈曲失稳载荷,与试验误差为6.56%;数值模拟得到的屈曲与破坏模式与试验吻合,失稳载荷和极限载荷与试验结果误差分别为1.22%和11.52%。     

航空复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲力学性能

航空复合材料加筋板由于具有良好的力学性能,广泛地应用于航空结构中。本工作研究了航空复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲力学性能,首先应用工程方法对复合材料加筋板进行压缩稳定性计算,得到加筋板的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷的预估值;其次,开展复合材料加筋板压缩稳定性实验,得到实验件的屈曲及破坏形式、实验件的载荷-应变及载荷-位移关系和实验件的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷。结果表明:采用工程方法得到的计算结果与实验结果较为吻合,屈曲载荷和破坏载荷的误差分别为6.12%和9.31%,合理应用工程方法可以为实验提供较好的指导;加筋板的破坏形式为壁板的分层、鼓包和撕裂、筋条的断裂以及筋条-壁板的脱粘;屈曲比为1.65的复合材料加筋板具有较强的后屈曲承载能力;工程中可充分应用加筋板的后屈曲承载能力提高结构的利用效率。     

复合材料机身框轴向压缩屈曲分析与研究

通过试验研究了复合材料机身框承受轴向压缩载荷下的失效模式,并与工程理论计算、有限元分析进行对比。试验研究的框构型包含"C"型框和"Z"型框,试验结果显示,复合材料机身框与蒙皮结构在承受沿框方向的轴向压缩载荷时,首先蒙皮发生局部屈曲;随着载荷的增大,框腹板和内缘也发生局部屈曲,最终导致整个框截面的破坏。对蒙皮局部屈曲采用两加载边简支、两侧边固支的层压平板屈曲工程分析方法,分析结果表明,工程理论计算与试验数据吻合良好,并且理论值具有保守性。对于框腹板及框内缘这类薄壁结构,其边界支持作用弱于简支,导致工程理论计算结果不保守。为了获得框腹板与框内缘更准确的局部屈曲结果,必须采用几何非线性有限元建模分析。     

复合材料机身壁板的强度分析与试验验证

复合材料在大型客机机身主承力结构应用是近年来的发展趋势，通过分析与大型壁板试验结合的方式研究了复合材料机身壁板的静力承载能力，以及疲劳与损伤容限特性。采用理论公式、半经验公式、有限元模态分析研究了蒙皮的屈曲载荷、壁板的承载能力。依靠创新的机身壁板多轴载荷试验系统，模拟机身壁板的实际受载情况，实现充压载荷、拉伸/压缩、剪切载荷的独立施加与组合施加。通过静力试验验证蒙皮屈曲的工程及有限元分析方法和壁板的剩余强度承载分析方法。引入预埋缺陷、BVID、VID冲击损伤，通过试验研究了损伤对应变分布的影响，并通过疲劳、损伤容限试验，验证了壁板的设计以及损伤的无扩展特性。     

复合材料层合扁曲板的轴压屈曲和初始后屈曲分析

本文分析具有正交模量特性的复合材料层合扁曲板在轴压下的屈曲和初始后屈曲问题。作为应用的例子,分析了两种不同铺层形式的长扁曲板的轴压屈曲和初始后屈曲问题,并得出了一些对工程结构设计有参考价值的结论。     

受面内非均匀分布载荷的矩形板屈曲分析

薄板线性稳定性分析进行了很多年,发展得较为完善并且有手册可方便查阅。受非均匀面内分布载荷的板因为解析解不易求出,在分析中一般假设应力与边缘处的作用力分布规律相同。实际上此时板内的应力分布却与边缘处的不一样,而且还会产生另外两个应力分量,其影响取决于边界条件。采用有限元法分析非均匀载荷作用时薄板的稳定性问题,给出多种边界条件下的板的屈曲载荷,还给出了相应的基于受均匀载荷薄板屈曲载荷的当量因子。同时发现《飞机设计手册》中薄板受某线性载荷作用时的临界载荷因子不够精确。研究结果为承受非均匀面内分布载荷的板结构设计提供参考依据。     

A new analysis model for the effective stiffness of stiffened metallic panels under combined compression and shear stress

The paper deals with the analysis of the effective stiffness of stiffened metallic panels under combined compression and shear stress as used, e.g. in aircraft fuselages. An important criterion for sizing and certification of aircraft fuselages is the local and global buckling behaviour. For optimisation of stiffened metallic panels it is necessary to know the buckling and postbuckling behaviour as accurately as possible. Due to the fact that nonlinear FE analyses of a whole aircraft fuselage are too time consuming, a very fast quasi nonlinear FE analysis with a coarse mesh under consideration of semi-empirical methods for the effective skin-stiffness are used. At this point the effective stiffness method derived in this paper is used. Admittedly previous semi-empirical methods like the effective width method [J. Wiedemann, Leichtbau 1: Elemente, second ed., 1996; M.C.Y. Niu, Airframe Stress Analysis and Sizing, second ed., Commilit. Press Ltd., 1999] (only for pure compression load) or the method of Kuhn [P. Kuhn, J.P. Peterson, L.R. Levin, A summary of diagonal tension part I – methods of analysis, Technical Note 2661, NACA, 1952] (only for pure shear load) have disadvantages for the general combined compression and shear load case. This is improved in the current method.The first part of the paper deals with the realisation of the compression and shear test facility in a finite element model. The verification of the finite element model is important for subsequent parameter variations. The second part of the paper presents the approach of how to assess the effective skin-stiffness. In comparison to the paper in [M. Heitmann, P. Horst, D. Fitzsimmons, Effective stiffness of postbuckled stiffened metallic panels under combined compression and shear stress, J. Strain Anal. 38 (6) (2003) 534–555] many new parameters have been analysed. Therefore the new approach for the geometrically nonlinear analysis derived from the finite element results for combined compression and shear stress is considerably improved. At the end of the paper the great benefit of the new approach is shown. The results of very fast quasi nonlinear FE analyses under consideration of the new approach for the effective skin-stiffness on a coarse panel mesh agree well with the results of time expensive nonlinear FE analysis on a very fine panel mesh. Further studies are necessary to expand the new method to the influence of plasticity.     

Parameter studies and evaluation principles of delamination damage in laminated composites

Delamination represents one of the most severe failure modes in composite laminates, especially when they are subjected to uniaxial compression loads. The evaluation of the delamination damage has always been an essential issue of composite laminates for durability and damage tolerance in engineering practice. Focusing on the most typical and representative elliptical delamination issue, an analytical model simultaneously considering the conservative buckling process and non-conservative delamination propagation process is implemented. Various computational cases considering different delamination depths, directions, aspect ratios, and areas are established, and the predicted results based on the analytical model are carefully compared. Effects of these geometrical delamination parameters on the buckling, delamination propagation, and failure behaviors of composite laminates are thoroughly analyzed, and innovative evaluation principles of the delamination damage have been concluded. It is found that the delamination area is the key factor that truly affecting the failure behaviors of delaminated composites, and the local / global buckling and failure loads show clear linearity with the delamination area, whilst the delamination depth and direction only have slight effects.     

航空发动机中“W”形金属密封环的设计方法

针对密封性和强度,对“W”形金属密封环的压缩率选取范围进行研究。在压缩率确定的基础上,优化“W”形金属密封环所在处机匣的轴向间隙,探究“W”形金属密封环关键结构参数对强度的影响,基于灵敏度分析对“W”形金属密封环的结构参数进一步优化;研究“W”形金属密封环屈曲及轴向刚度间的关系,并采用刚度实验校核模拟结果,为评估屈曲临界载荷提供支持。结果表明:在该典型工况下,“W”形金属密封环的压缩率合理范围为3.2%～6.08%;壁厚对最大等效应力影响最大,最终优化结果为壁厚增大5.0%,波峰、波谷半径增大9.0%,接触半径增大7.7%,圆环外径减小5.8%,最大等效应力减小5.7%;屈曲“W”形金属密封环载荷与轴向刚度线性相关。      

一种基于承载效率准则的复合材料机翼结构布局优化方法(英文)

提出一种针对大型复合材料机翼结构的二级布局优化策略。系统级根据结构形变调整设计指标,子系统级优化结构布局以满足系统级约束。将机翼壁板中各种临界失效载荷的接近程度作为评判结构效率的标准,通过将结构效率作为优化目标,保证了所求解问题的连续性。加筋壁板通过等效的正交异性板模拟,并根据能量原理预测总体失稳载荷。讨论了加强筋支持弹性对于蒙皮抵抗局部失稳性能的影响,并通过神经网络代理模型对其进行逼近。采用解析模型对失效特性做出评估,减少了计算资源的占用。最后以一种大型机翼结构的综合优化作为算例,计算结果满足设计要求,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Temperature effect on buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube subjected to axial compression

This paper seeks to outline the temperature effect on the buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube(LCCT) subjected to axial compression.The buckling tests of the LCCT specimens subjected to axial compression were carried out on INSTRON-500 N servo-hydraulic machine in dry state and at the temperatures of 25 C, 100 C and 80 C. The load–displacement curves and buckling initiation loads were measured and the buckling initiation mechanism was discussed from experimental observations. Experiments show that the buckling initiation load, on average, is only about 2.2% greater at the low temperature of 80 C than at the room temperature of 25 C due to the material hardening, demonstrating an insignificant increase in the buckling initiation load, whereas it is about 19.5% lower at the high temperature of 100 C than at the room temperature owing to the material softening, implying a significant decrease in the buckling initiation load. The failure mode of the LCCT in axial compression tests at three different temperatures can be reckoned to be characteristic of the buckling initiation and propagation around the central region until rupture. The finite element(FE) model is presented to simulate the buckling initiation mechanism based on the eigenvalue-based methodology. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

DZ22高温合金复杂应力疲劳强度研究

一、疲劳强度计算方法的建立　　定向凝固镍基高温合金 DZ2 2是一种正交各向异性材料 ,对于各向异性材料 ,由于偏轴向拉剪和剪拉耦合的存在 ,形状改变与体积变化无法分开 ,仅考虑剪切应变能不足以说明各向异性材料的失效 ,还需要考虑体积改变能。据此认为 Tsia- Wu理论 [1 ] 较 Hill理论 [2 ] 更能有效地反应各向异性材料的失效 ,并根据 Tsai- Wu理论导出一个疲劳强度的计算方法。Tsai- Wu假设各向异性材料在应力空间中的破坏表面可表示为一个高阶张量多项式 ,并提出了以二阶张量多项式为破坏准则的计算方法 ,即Fijσiσj+ Fiσi =1 ( …     

舰载机壁板剪切后屈曲承载能力预测与试验验证

舰载机着舰撞击对机翼盒段产生巨大的扭矩，蒙皮以剪切形式承受扭矩，这是机翼壁板的重要设计工况。为准确预测加筋壁板剪切后屈曲承载能力，采用MSC.NASTRAN软件MRIKS弧长法，将线性屈曲分析的一致模态缺陷位移作为扰动引入后屈曲分析。考虑材料和几何双重非线性，对整体加筋壁板剪切试验件的后屈曲破坏过程进行模拟、对承载能力进行预测。根据剪切试验结果，进行对比分析。结果表明：有限元模拟的加筋板初始屈曲发生在蒙皮上，长桁足够大的相对刚度使得长桁与蒙皮连接线上出现屈曲节点，随着载荷增大，加筋壁板整体"坍塌"，与试验现象一致。有限元分析（FEA）得到的初始屈曲载荷与试验结果的误差为1.25%，预测的极限承载载荷与试验破坏载荷的误差为2.4%。表明引入缺陷后的MSC.NASTRAN弧长法非线性后屈曲计算能够准确预测加筋壁板剪切后屈曲承载能力，为加筋壁板剪切试验和强度设计提供了分析方法。     

夹层结构屈曲模型的拓展及失效判据

现存有许多种关于预测夹层结构在承受压缩/弯曲载荷时屈曲临界值的理论模型。在这些模型中,鲜有研究者在模型中考虑面板在屈曲过程中横向剪切所造成的影响。除此之外,现存屈曲公式的特点为：经典公式形式简单但精度低、适用范围小;一些模型精度高但形式复杂,不便于直接工程应用。因此,首先建立了一种基于弹性理论求解屈曲问题的新理论模型,模型中引入了面板的横向剪切效应并评估了剪切效应对屈曲载荷造成的影响。然后,通过在不同屈曲波长范围内对精确解进行简化,建立了在不同屈曲波长范围内的近似解模型,并评估了近似解的精度和适用范围。最后,建立了一个新的夹层结构屈曲失效判定准则,新准则具有更高的精度且形式简洁,易于工程应用。     

全各向异性圆柱形叠层长曲板在联合载荷下的稳定性

本文给出了全各向异性圆柱形叠层长曲板在轴压、侧压和剪切载荷联合作用下稳定性的准确解。每个直边的边界条件可以是任意的。两直边边界条件可以不同。作为算例,研究了边界条件对各向同性圆柱长曲板剪切稳定性的影响。     

舰载机机身加筋壁板屈曲疲劳试验

舰载机弹射起飞和拦阻着舰的张力场屈曲波在机身壁板上产生附加的拉伸或弯曲应力，从而显著降低结构疲劳强度、改变疲劳破坏部位。以张力场梁形式的三点弯曲试验开展了反复屈曲下的疲劳特性研究。通过疲劳试验测得的临界屈曲载荷与按工程张力场理论得到的临界屈曲载荷对比，吻合较好。根据3级不同载荷水平下的疲劳试验结果，给出了张力场梁屈曲疲劳试件的无量纲载荷比-寿命曲线及载荷比-张力场系数曲线。根据张力场系数与载荷关系、载荷寿命曲线及飞机寿命指标可控制张力场的严酷程度来开展机身壁板轻量化设计。本项工作为舰载机机身壁板在弹射起飞和拦阻着舰过程中的反复屈曲疲劳问题评定积累了数据。     

ON THE STABILITY OF ANISOTROPIC VISCOELASTIC THIN PLATES

Uptonow,someanalyses['~'Jhavebeendoneoncreepbucklingofviscoelasticstruc-tures.However,nomethodhaseverbeengiventodeterminethedurablecriticalloadofvis-coelasticstructuressubjectedtoadurableload.OnlyTroyanovskii['jsubmittedamethodtode-terminethedurablecriticalloadofisotropicviscoelasticthinplatesbutgavenoexample.Thededucingandcalculatingmethodinthispapercanbeusedtoresolvethecreepbucklingques-tionsofotheranisotropicviscoelasticplatesandshells.lAnalysisThecreepbucklingofanorthotropicviscoelastict…