基于追逃博弈的非合作目标接近控制

针对追踪航天器接近非合作目标任务中的相对位置控制问题,提出了一种基于线性二次型追逃博弈的控制方法。首先,将非合作目标接近问题转化为二人追逃博弈问题,并设计了二次型目标函数。其次,结合相对运动模型,建立了线性二次型追逃博弈模型。为得到纳什均衡策略,将HJ方程转化为代数黎卡提方程,并给出了李雅普诺夫迭代法对其求解。最后,对博弈控制方法的有效性进行仿真验证,结果表明,该方法能够在非合作目标机动时实现轨道接近控制。     

速度信息缺失的平动点轨道交会预设性能控制

以平动点轨道的交会对接为研究背景，基于高阶积分链微分器和预设性能控制理论提出了一种仅需相对位置信息的平动点轨道近程交会控制律。首先利用高阶积分链微分器估计两航天器的相对速度状态，并设计预设性能控制器使得两航天器的相对运动状态在预设的边界内渐近收敛到期望状态。然后利用李雅普诺夫函数证明相对运动状态存在扰动时控制器的稳定性。该方法为闭环控制，且与模型无关，容易在线操作。仿真结果表明，在平动点轨道航天器存在未知扰动以及导航制导等不确定的情况下，利用所提交会控制律能够实现追踪航天器与目标航天器交会任务的高精度实时控制，具有较强鲁棒性。     

控制受限的编队航天器鲁棒自适应控制

研究了考虑控制受限的编队航天器鲁棒自适应轨道跟踪控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中控制受限、外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,利用反步控制方法和指令滤波设计提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。指令滤波器用于补偿控制受限对于控制器的影响,同时设计了自适应律对未知参数进行估计,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。和滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。仿真结果表明所设计的控制器既能实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制,又能保证控制受限的要求。     

航天器刚柔耦合非线性系统的自适应变论域模糊控制

研究了航天器刚柔耦合非线性系统的自适应变论域模糊控制问题;针对自适应变论域模糊控制器的稳定性设计这一难题,将输入和输出的隶属度函数分别用论域值表示成解析形式;引进李亚谱诺夫函数,设计了输入隶属度函数论域值的自适应律和输出隶属度函数中心取值的自适应律,最后针对由中心刚体Hub和大挠性结构组成的刚柔耦合航天器进行系统仿真,结果表明设计的自适应变论域模糊控制器是可行的。     

Adaptive attitude control of spacecraft using neural networks

An adaptive control technique can be applicable to reorient spacecraft with uncertain properties such as mass, inertial and various misalignments. A nonlinear quaternion feedback controller is chosen as a baseline attitude controller. A linearly added adaptive input supported by neural networks to the baseline controller can estimate and eliminate the uncertain spacecraft property adaptively. The normalized input neural networks (NINNs) are examined for reliable computation of the adaptive input. The newly defined learning rules of the neural networks are established appropriately for a spacecraft. To prove the stability of the closed-loop dynamics with the control law, Lyapunov stability theory is considered. As a result, the proposed approach results in the uniform ultimate boundedness in tracking error and robustness of the chattering and the singularity problems.     

基于滚动优化和微分Theta-D方法的快速绕飞航天器姿轨协同控制

针对近距离快速绕飞的视线保持要求和姿轨耦合特点,研究航天器姿轨协同最优控制方法。建立了六自由度相对运动耦合非线性模型,偏心推力矢量同时提供位置和姿态控制能力;考虑到近距离相对运动对动态性能的高精度要求,不同于无限时域经典Theta-D方法,提出了一种包含终端状态约束的滚动优化有限时域最优控制快速解算方法,推导了中间过程微分Riccati方程和微分Lyapunov方程的横截条件。控制器设计充分考虑了有限脉冲小推力器和有限力矩输出装置的约束。对近距离快速绕飞的仿真结果说明了方法的有效性,所提方法在保证相对运动稳定和动态性能的前提下控制输出幅值小,具有工程实际意义。     

航天器姿态大角度机动有限时间控制

针对航天器姿态大角度机动控制问题，在存在外部扰动的情况下，基于航天器姿态跟踪系统的标准级联特性，利用反步法和自适应控制设计有限时间控制器。提出的控制方法可以严格保证姿态大角度机动系统是全局有限时间稳定的。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明，系统在控制器的作用下可以快速机动到平衡点并保持稳定，全物理仿真试验进一步表明了所提出的控制方法的有效性和优越性。     

Spacecraft formation flying: A review and new results on state feedback control

This paper presents a review of previous work within the field of spacecraft formation flying, including modeling approaches and controller design. In addition, five new approaches for tracking control of relative translational motion between two spacecraft in a leader–follower formation are derived. One PD controller with feedback linearisation is derived and shown to result in an exponentially stable equilibrium point of the closed loop system. Four nonlinear controllers are derived and proved by using Lyapunov theory and Matrosov's theorem to leave the closed loop system uniformly globally asymptotically stable. Results from the simulation of the system with the derived controllers are presented, and compared with respect to power consumption and tracking performance.     

无速度测量下的航天器安全接近位姿一体化控制

针对考虑位姿耦合的非合作航天器交会对接场景,在没有速度测量情况下为了同时解决安全约束、模型不确定性、执行器故障和输入饱和问题,提出一种基于容积卡尔曼滤波算法(CKF)的自主安全接近方法。首先基于容积卡尔曼滤波器和扩张状态观测器(ESO)分别估计目标航天器的位姿信息和相对速度信息;然后通过将一种新颖的安全包络与人工势函数(APF)结合设计自适应滑模控制器,并设计非奇异辅助系统对执行器故障和输入饱和带来的影响进行集中处理。提出的控制策略在不违反安全约束情况下,能在固定时间内实现位置接近和姿态同步。通过李雅普诺夫方法可以保证闭环系统固定时间稳定。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法具有较高的精度和良好干扰抑制能力。     

Adaptive sliding mode control for six-DOF relative motion of spacecraft with input constraint

This paper addresses the synchronized control problem of relative position and attitude for spacecraft with input constraint. First, using dual quaternion, the kinematic and dynamic models of the six-degree-of-freedom relative motion of spacecraft are introduced. Second, a new adaptive sliding mode control scheme is proposed to guarantee the globally asymptotic convergence of relative motion despite the presence of control input constraint, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. A detailed stability analysis of the resulting closed-loop system is included. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller, which has the following properties: (1) explicit accounting for the problem of input constraint, (2) fast convergent rate and accurate results can be obtained, (3) no chattering phenomenon is present in the control torque and control force, (4) self-adaptive regulation law is dynamically adjusted to ensure the tracking errors tend to zero asymptotically, (5) the upper bounds of unknown variables are estimated dynamically.     

对失控翻滚目标逼近的神经网络自适应滑模控制

针对失控航天器在空间中自由翻滚的情况，研究追踪器对失控翻滚目标逼近的位置和姿态六自由度耦合控制问题。建立追踪器与目标器相对运动的姿轨一体化动力学模型，设计追踪器逼近过程的标称轨迹和标称姿态。综合考虑系统不确定性和外部干扰，设计无抖振的神经网络自适应滑模控制器。将滑模控制与神经网络逼近相结合，采用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对系统未知部分进行自适应逼近。由Lyapunov方法导出神经网络自适应律，通过自适应权重的调节保证整个闭环系统的稳定性。数值模拟实例说明了所设计的标称轨迹和标称姿态的合理性，同时验证了神经网络自适应滑模控制器的有效性。     

欠驱动航天器飞轮控制方法

针对应用任意剪刀对构型飞轮群的欠驱动刚体航天器姿态控制问题,将飞轮群与航天器看作整体系统进行建模,从整体系统可控性角度分析采用传统模型进行控制系统设计存在的局限性。随后通过对飞轮群角动量集合描述,得出航天器姿态可机动集合。由于飞轮群构型的任意性及航天器的欠驱动特性,导致具有初始角动量的整体系统难以针对系统状态方程采用Lyapunov函数方法进行状态反馈控制器设计,同时为了保证存在外扰动力矩的航天器姿态机动精度,采用非线性预测控制方法实现系统的反馈控制。所提控制算法实现了任意飞轮群剪刀对构型、飞轮群角动量非饱和条件下,任意系统初始角动量欠驱动航天器在姿态可机动集合中的机动控制。仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的控制性能及精度。     

航天器姿态跟踪系统的非线性鲁棒自适应控制

研究有未知惯量矩阵和干扰力矩的刚体航天器姿态跟踪。对此类多输入多输出、不确定非线性系统,提出了一种非线性鲁棒自适应控制策略,用Lyapunov直接法分析了闭环系统稳定性。理论分析表明,该控制器不仅保证闭环系统一致最终有界稳定,航天器姿态跟踪误差收敛至系统平衡点的一个较小领域,而且使闭环系统对航天器惯量参数有自适应能力,对有界干扰力矩具鲁棒性。仿真结果表明：所设计的非线性鲁棒自适应控制器有效。     

欠驱动航天器编队重构的切换神经网络控制

针对圆轨道欠驱动航天器编队重构问题,将传统的自适应神经网络控制器和自适应滑模控制器相结合,设计了一种切换神经网络控制器,用以跟踪由伪谱法求解得到的航天器编队重构的最优开环控制轨迹。自适应神经网络控制器在活跃区域内工作,利用径向基神经网络(RBFNNs)近似动力学系统中的不确定项,自适应滑模控制器在活跃区域外工作,利用自适应律来估计近似误差上界,并采用李雅普诺夫方法证明了闭环系统稳定性。数值仿真结果表明切换神经网络控制器可在欠驱动条件下实现编队重构,与线性滑模控制器相比,实现了控制器快速、高精度、强鲁棒等控制性能。     

Analysis and implementation of in-plane stationkeeping of continuously perturbed Walker constellations

The stationkeeping of symmetric Walker constellations is analyzed by considering the perturbations arising from a high order and degree Earth gravity field and the solar radiation pressure. These perturbations act differently on each group of spacecraft flying in a given orbital plane, causing a differential drift effect that would disrupt the initial symmetry of the constellation. The analysis is based on the consideration of a fictitious set of rotating reference frames that move with the spacecraft in the mean sense, but drift at a rate equal to the average drift rate experienced by all the vehicles over an extended period. The frames are also allowed to experience the J₂-precession such that each vehicle is allowed to drift in 3D relative to its frame. A two-impulse rendezvous maneuver is then constructed to bring each vehicle to the center of its frame as soon as a given tolerance deadband is about to be violated. This paper illustrates the computations associated with the stationkeeping of a generic Walker constellation by maneuvering each leading spacecraft within an orbit plane and calculating the associated velocity changes required for controlling the in-plane motions in an exacting sense, at least for the first series of maneuvers. The analysis can be easily extended to lower flying constellations, which experience additional perturbations due to drag.     

Decentralized coordinated control for multiple spacecraft formation maneuvers

We investigate the decentralized coordinated control problem by looking into local information exchange among formation flying spacecraft regarding formation maneuvers. The nonlinear dynamics that describes the motion of formation flying spacecraft relative to a reference spacecraft is considered for the general case, in which the reference spacecraft is in an ideal elliptical orbit. With the novel use of consensus algorithms combined with behavior-based control, coordinated formation controllers are proposed for three schemes: (i) with full state feedback; (ii) without velocity measurements; (iii) and with external disturbances and parametric uncertainty. The three algorithms used in the schemes can achieve both formation maneuvering and formation keeping, as well as consider actuator saturation. Numerous simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

6-DOF robust adaptive terminal sliding mode control for spacecraft formation flying

This paper addresses the tracking control problem of the leader–follower spacecraft formation, by which we mean that the relative motion between the leader and the follower is required to track a desired time-varying trajectory given in advance. Using dual number, the six-degree-of-freedom motion of the follower spacecraft relative to the leader spacecraft is modeled, where the coupling effect between the translational motion and the rotational one is accounted. A robust adaptive terminal sliding mode control law, including the adaptive algorithms, is proposed to ensure the finite time convergence of the relative motion tracking errors despite the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances, based on which a modified controller is furthermore developed to solve the dual-equilibrium problem caused by dual quaternion representation. In addition, to alleviate the chattering, hyperbolic tangent function is adopted to substitute for the sign function. And by theoretical analysis, it is proved that the tracking error in such case will converge to a neighborhood of the origin in finite time. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches.     

Application of SDRE technique to orbital and attitude control of spacecraft formation flying

This paper proposes the application of a nonlinear control technique for coupled orbital and attitude relative motion of formation flying. Recently, mission concepts based on the formations of spacecraft that require an increased performance level for in-space maneuvers and operations, have been proposed. In order to guarantee the required performance level, those missions will be characterized by very low inter-satellite distance and demanding relative pointing requirements. Therefore, an autonomous control with high accuracy will be required, both for the control of relative distance and relative attitude. The control system proposed in this work is based on the solution of the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE), which is one of the more promising nonlinear techniques for regulating nonlinear systems in all the major branches of engineering. The coupling of the relative orbital and attitude motion is obtained considering the same set of thrusters for the control of both orbital and attitude relative dynamics. In addition, the SDRE algorithm is implemented with a timing update strategy both for the controller and the proposed nonlinear filter. The proposed control system approach has been applied to the design of a nonlinear controller for an up-to-date formation mission, which is ESA Proba-3. Numerical simulations considering a tracking signal for both orbital and attitude relative maneuver during an operative orbit of the mission are presented.     

近距离航天器相对轨道的鲁棒自适应控制

针对近距离航天器的相对轨道提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制律。在追踪星本体坐标系中考虑航天器的相对运动。首先,在转动惯量未知的情形下提出了自适应控制律,保证系统的全局渐近稳定性。其次,将两星地心引力加速度之差作为干扰加速度,并假设干扰有未知上界,对自适应控制律进行修正,提出了鲁棒自适应律,使得系统是全局一致最终有界稳定的。控制律的设计不需要绝对轨道信息,适用于任意轨道。对航天器编队飞行和空间交会两种情形分别进行了仿真分析,结果表明所设计的控制律是合理有效的。     

失效航天器姿态接管的SDRE微分博弈控制

针对燃料耗尽的失效航天器姿态接管控制问题，提出多颗微卫星协同实现姿态稳定的状态相关黎卡提方程(SDRE)微分博弈控制方法。首先，将姿态接管问题转化为多颗微卫星的微分博弈问题，基于组合航天器的姿态模型和微卫星的性能指标函数建立多颗微卫星的非线性微分博弈模型，微卫星通过独立优化各自的性能指标函数得到控制策略。其次，引入状态相关系数矩阵，将非线性博弈转化为状态相关线性二次型博弈，采用SDRE方法更方便地逼近微卫星的博弈均衡策略。最终通过李雅普诺夫迭代法求解耦合状态相关黎卡提方程组得到微卫星的状态反馈控制器，实现微卫星的自主决策。数值仿真验证了多颗微卫星采用微分博弈控制方法实现姿态接管的有效性和容错性。