自粘型聚硼硅氧烷复合材料性能

聚硼硅氧烷属于超分子材料,材料本身具备物理交联网络结构,具有耐高低温、耐候、电绝缘、自修复等特性,但现有方法制备的聚硼硅氧烷材料力学性能差,限制了其在一些领域的应用。本工作采用高分子量聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷（VMQ）与硼酸（BA）在高温环境下反应,制备一种含乙烯基的聚硼硅氧烷,通过引入乙烯基结构和气相法白炭黑,经热硫化处理,得到具有表面自粘性的聚硼硅氧烷复合材料。测定聚硼硅氧烷复合材料的结构、动态力学性能、热稳定性、力学性能以及自粘性能,通过红外反射光谱确认B—O—Si结构。结果表明：聚硼硅氧烷复合材料的内部形成了B∶O动态键,材料表面具有一定的自粘性能,自粘形成的剥离强度能达到4 N/cm,拉伸强度可达4.154 MPa,5%热失重温度为394.8℃,具有良好的力学性能和热稳定性。     

新型SiOC 陶瓷前驱体的合成及性能

采用四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷(TMTVS)与四甲基环四硅氧烷(TMS)通过阳离子开环聚合反应制备了含Si—H及Si—CH=CH2官能团的聚硅氧烷.用红外、核磁、凝胶渗透色谱及热重分析对该聚硅氧烷进行了表征,结果表明其结构与设计相吻合,其分子量、黏度及Si—H、Si—CH=CH2的比例可以通过改变原料比例来调节.这种新型聚硅氧烷用作SiOC陶瓷前驱体具有低黏度、高陶瓷产率等特点.     

湿热环境苯基阻尼硅橡胶加速老化与寿命预测研究

研究了苯基阻尼硅橡胶的湿热老化过程,重点考察了其拉伸性能、阻尼性能和压缩回弹性能。对于拉伸性能,实验研究表明材料拉伸模量和100%定伸应力均随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐提高。对于阻尼性能,损耗系数随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐下降。对于压缩回弹性能,压缩永久变形随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐上升。另外,温度对苯基硅橡胶性能的影响大于湿度。这主要归因于老化过程中同时发生了侧基氧化和水解,进而导致分子链交联和断裂同时发生。相比于分子链断裂,分子链交联占据了主导作用。最后,采用Peck模型预测了不同温湿度环境下苯基硅橡胶的贮存寿命。由于阻尼性能决定了苯基硅橡胶的减振性能,因此将损耗系数作为评价特征参数。结果表明,在25 ℃下,当相对湿度在80%~40%间变动时,苯基硅橡胶的寿命在18~39 a间变化。此研究有助于进一步理解苯基硅橡胶的老化过程,并且提供了不同湿热环境下苯基阻尼硅橡胶寿命预测的方法。     

八氨基苯基笼形倍半硅氧烷改性的双马来酰亚胺树脂

从苯基三氯硅烷出发,通过水解缩合合成八苯基笼形倍半硅氧烷(OPS),经发烟硝酸硝化得到八硝基苯基笼形倍半硅氧烷(ONPS),再经Pd/C催化还原得到八氨基苯基笼形倍半硅氧烷(OAPS),用红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振(NMR)表征了它们的结构.以溶液聚合制备了OAPS/BMI树脂,研究了OAPS含量对OAPS/BMI固化树脂热性能的影响,并考察了OAPS/BMI固化树脂的介电性能.研究结果显示:随着OAPS含量的上升,OAPS/BMI固化树脂的Tg变化不大,5%失重温度(Td5)下降.含5%质量分数OAPS的OAPS/BMI固化树脂的Tg达到429℃;Td5达到475℃,800℃%残重率为51.9%;在7.95 MHz下其介电常数为2.92,tanB为9.69×10-3.     

纤维表面涂层对碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔性能的影响

为提高碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔(CF/PAA)复合材料的性能,采用不同种类的涂层(环氧,硅氧烷和倍半硅氧烷)对碳纤维(CF)进行表面改性。通过复合材料的短梁弯曲和热氧老化试验表征不同涂层的改性效果。层间剪切强度(ILSS)结果表明,倍半硅氧烷涂层具有最好的处理效果。热氧老化测试结果表明,倍半硅氧烷涂层适用于耐热树脂体系。这种涂层可以通过改变官能团适应不同树脂体系复合材料的界面改性。     

Reso1型酚醛树脂热解特征的TG—MS研究

合成了一种低醛/酚摩尔比(1.3：1)的Resol型酚醛预聚物。利用TG-MS详细研究了热交联固化后树脂的热分解特征。低于350℃时，主要表现为分子内醚键断裂和脱端羟甲基，并逸出H20、CO2和CH30H等产物及它们的碎片。在350℃—750℃范围内，大分子主链在不同位置发生主链断裂而形成一甲基苯酚、二甲基苯酚和三甲基苯酚等产物及它们的碎片。说明了大分子主链热稳定性的提高是减少和防止Resol型酚醛树脂前驱体C／C复合材料缺陷的重要组成部分。     

耐高温芳杂环聚吡咙的合成与性能

利用主链含有吡啶环的新型四胺单体,2,6-双(3,’4’-二氨基苯基)-4-氟苯基吡啶(FP-PA)与几种芳香族四酸二酐单体,2,2-双[4-(3,’4’-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)、3,3,’4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸二酐(ODPA)、3,3,’4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)或4,4’-(六氟异丙基)双邻苯二甲酸二酐(6FDA)通过热缩聚、热环化反应成功制备了一系列具有半梯形主链结构的芳杂环聚合物-聚吡咙(PPy)。结果表明:所制备的聚吡咙具有优异的耐热稳定性;其玻璃化转变温度达到367℃,在氮气氛围中的起始热分解温度超过500℃,10%失重温度超过560℃,750℃时的殘重率超过60%。另外,聚吡咙薄膜表现出优良的耐碱水解性能,在10%NaOH水溶液中浸泡7d后仍具有优良的柔韧性和耐热性。     

聚合物先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷的研究进展

聚合物转化陶瓷(polymer derived ceramics,PDCs)制备技术简单,烧结温度低,可设计性强,40年来得到了极大的发展。本文综述了多孔PDCs的研究进展,包括模板法、发泡法、冷冻铸造技术、增材制造技术等制备方法;此外,还对陶瓷前驱体如聚碳硅烷、聚硅氧烷、聚硅氮烷等分子侧链设计以调整陶瓷产物的组成、微结构、力学性能等的研究现状进行了综述;提出未来发展的方向是增材制造技术制备多孔PDCs及陶瓷前驱体分子层面的设计。     

热处理对聚苯硫醚热行为的影响

本文系统研究了热处理对聚苯硫醚热行为的影响。实验结果表明:(1)固相热处理是一结晶完善化和固相热交联竞争并存的过程,热处理温度是这两种效应的控制参数;(2)聚苯硫醚呈现熔融多峰是由于不同分子结构的或不同分子量及其分子量分布的分子链形成的不同形式的结晶聚集体的熔融所致;(3)双氧水处理或者α-氯代萘溶剂处理可以改变聚苯硫醚的结晶、熔融行为;(4)熔融交联温度是决定聚笨硫醚熔融交联的关键参数。在高温下,聚苯硫醚在氮气气氛下的交联比在氧气气氛下的交联更严重。     

不同交联剂对聚硅氧烷裂解产物的影响

分别利用含乙烯基聚硅氧烷(VPSO)和二乙烯基苯(DVB)作为交联剂使含氢聚硅氧烷(HPSO)固化,然后在高温下裂解。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、元素分析等手段对VPSO/HPSO和DVB/HPSO两个体系的裂解产物进行表征。结果表明,两个体系的裂解产物在结构和成分上有明显不同。比较了两者间的差别,认为裂解产物存在差异的原因是不同交联剂引发交联方式不同,从而导致交联产物结构不同。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.