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A magnetic sail is an advanced propellantless propulsion system that uses the interaction between the solar wind and an artificial magnetic field generated by the spacecraft, to produce a propulsive thrust in interplanetary space. The aim of this paper is to collect the available experimental data, and the simulation results, to develop a simplified mathematical model that describes the propulsive acceleration of a magnetic sail, in an analytical form, for mission analysis purposes. Such a mathematical model is then used for estimating the performance of a magnetic sail-based spacecraft in a two-dimensional, minimum time, deep space mission scenario. In particular, optimal and locally optimal steering laws are derived using an indirect approach. The obtained results are then applied to a mission analysis involving both an optimal Earth–Venus (circle-to-circle) interplanetary transfer, and a locally optimal Solar System escape trajectory. For example, assuming a characteristic acceleration of 1 mm/s2, an optimal Earth–Venus transfer may be completed within about 380 days. 相似文献
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Considerable progress has been made in recent years on development of candidate physico-chemical components for use in regenerative life support systems (LSS) for future extended-duration-mission spacecraft; these life support systems provide air revitalization including carbon dioxide reduction, water reclamation, and limited waste management. For still longer duration manned space flights, such as a permanently inhabited space station, it is generally recognized that development of biological life support systems capable of generating food and regenerating wastes will be essential to reduce logistics costs. 相似文献
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载人小行星探测的任务特点与实施途径探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
介绍了载人小行星探测的发展现状,对目前美国基于"猎户座"飞船的载人小行星探测的概要方案进行了描述,包括探测器系统组成、运载火箭和飞行方案等内容。从速度增量、目标星引力等方面,分析了载人小行星探测的任务特点,并与载人火星探测、载人月球探测以及无人小行星探测的任务特点进行了比较。给出了载人小行星探测的实施途径建议,包括目标星选择、载人飞船系统设计等。讨论了其所涉及的推进、星际飞行安全保障、小行星表面行走等关键技术。研究结果可为我国开展载人深空探测提供参考。 相似文献
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Mokrousov M. I. Mitrofanov I. G. Anikin A. A. Golovin D. V. Karpushkina N. E. Kozyrev A. S. Litvak M. L. Malakhov A. V. Pekov A. N. Sanin A. B. Tretyakov V. I. 《Cosmic Research》2022,60(5):387-396
Cosmic Research - As recent studies onboard various spacecraft have shown, one unresolved technical problem of manned interplanetary flights at the moment is the high radiation background of... 相似文献
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面向载人航天器飞行任务仿真需求,根据载人航天器的特点以及高层体系结构(HLA)技术,提出了基于高层体系结构的载人航天器飞行任务仿真平台方案,设计实现了由运行管理、飞行指令、数据记录、数据可视化等功能,以及涵盖轨道、姿态、能源、动力学等多个专业仿真模型组成的仿真平台,给出了应用实例,并就仿真平台开发中的联邦开发过程、仿真模型接口软件、飞行场景三维可视化等关键部分进行了探讨。与单一的飞行任务仿真软件相比,该分布式仿真平台覆盖的专业面更全,验证内容更丰富,可扩展性更强。随着载人航天器系统飞行任务复杂程度的提高,通过对仿真平台的扩展和重用,可适应新的任务验证需求。该仿真平台可为复杂载人航天器的飞行任务设计验证提供依据,并对基于HLA的其他航天器仿真系统的联邦设计与开发具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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为确保载人飞行器在长期飞行中的设备安全以及短期飞行中航天员的安全,需要从系统层面进行自主安全设计,使航天器在出现地面无法快速反应的故障时能够启动安全模式进行自我保护。文章以能源安全设计为主对“天宫一号”目标飞行器系统级自主安全设计进行了论述,总结了设计经验,对后续型号的设计提出了建议。 相似文献
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The feasible rendezvous, flyby and sample return mission scenario to different spectral-type asteroids for the 2015–2025 are investigated. The emphasis is put on the potential target selection and the design of preliminary interplanetary transfer trajectory in this paper. First, according to different scientific motivations, some potential targets with different spectral-type and physical property are selected. Then, some optimal rendezvous and sample return opportunities for different spectral-type asteroids are presented by using pork-chop plots method and Sequential Quadratic-Programming (SQP) algorithm. In order to reduce the launch energy and total velocity increments for sample return mission, the Earth swingby strategy is used. In addition, the feasible trajectory profiles of flyby and rendezvous with two different spectral-type asteroids in one mission are discussed. A hybrid optimization method combing the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and SQP algorithm is introduced as a trajectory design method for the mission. Finally, some important parameters of transfer trajectory are analyzed, which would have a direct impact on the design of spacecraft subsystem, such as communication, power and thermal control subsystem. 相似文献
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The Voyager Interstellar Mission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Voyager Interstellar Mission began on January 1, 1990, with the primary objective being to characterize the interplanetary medium beyond Neptune and to search for the transition region between the interplanetary medium and the interstellar medium. At the start of this mission, the two Voyager spacecraft had already been in flight for over twelve years, having successfully returned a wealth of scientific information about the planetary systems of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, and the interplanetary medium between Earth and Neptune. The two spacecraft have the potential to continue returning science data until around the year 2020. With this extended operating lifetime, there is a high likelihood of one of the two spacecraft penetrating the termination shock and possibly the heliopause boundary, and entering interstellar space before that time. This paper describes the Voyager Interstellar Mission--the mission objectives, the spacecraft and science payload, the mission operations system used to support operations, and the mission operations strategy being used to maximize science data return even in the event of certain potential spacecraft subsystem failures. The implementation of automated analysis tools to offset and enable reduced flight team staffing levels is also discussed. 相似文献
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虚拟仿真技术在载人航天器总装工艺设计中的应用 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
文章基于载人航天器总装工艺设计中虚拟仿真原理及应用体系,以“天宫一号”目标飞行器总装工艺设计为背景,对载人航天器虚拟总装环境的建立过程和方法进行了具体描述。对基于仿真的总装工艺规划以及总装工艺方案仿真分析的概念、目的、方法、工具和应用对象进行了阐释,对虚拟仿真技术在总装操作现场和在总装工装优化设计中的应用方法进行了论述并给出了具体实例。实际应用表明,虚拟仿真技术可以降低工艺设计人员对个人经验的依赖,提高工艺设计的效率和优化程度。 相似文献
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载人航天器在轨力学环境测量系统试验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为获取载人航天器上升段与在轨期间的力学环境,设计了在轨力学环境测量系统,并在载人航天器振动试验期间对其性能进行了测试,获取了航天器典型结构的力学环境数据并进行了频谱分析。将该系统测量数据与试验中载人航天器平台测点的测量数据进行了比对,结果验证了该系统的有效性,为载人航天器载荷条件的制修订提供了参考。 相似文献
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一种综合式载人月球基地总体方案及建造规划设想 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
构建载人月球基地是实现对月球资源深度开发和利用的重要手段之一,文章提出了刚性舱、刚性+柔性结构以及建造式等三种典型结构的载人月球基地方案,并对三种典型方案的优缺点进行对比分析,在此基础上提出了一种综合式载人月球基地方案设想,基地内部主体创新性地采用充气式柔性连接的方式,外部主体包括月壤防护层、植物密封舱和应急救生飞船,活动系统包括月球车和月球机器人。围绕该方案并结合文章提出的载人月球基地主要技术指标,并对载人月球基地选址、结构设计和构建、空间辐射防护、热管理、能源、通信与导航、生命保障和应急救生技术等关键技术方案进行了分析,为中国未来建设载人月球基地提供了参考。 相似文献
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载人航天器热管理技术发展综述 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
载人航天器热管理是一种新的设计理念,针对大型载人航天器的特殊情况,从系统层面,主要通过流体回路和对流通风,完成航天器的热量收集、传输、利用和排散。文章介绍了国内外载人航天器热管理技术发展现状及方向,提出未来我国载人航天器热管理技术的发展方向。[ 相似文献
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Semkova JV Dachev TsP Matviichuk YuN Koleva RT Baynov PT Tomov BT Botolier-Depois JF Nguen VD Lebaron-Jacobs L Siegrist M Duvivier E Almarcha B Petrov VM Shurshakov VA Makhmutov VS 《Acta Astronautica》1995,36(8-12):629-638
Radiation risk on a future long-duration manned space mission appears to be one of the basic factors in planning and designing the mission. Since 1988 different active dosimetric investigations has been performed on board the MIR space station by the Bulgarian-Russian dosimeter-radiometer LIULIN and French tissue-equivalent proportional counters CIRCE and NAUSICAA. A joint French-Bulgarian-Russian dosimetry experiment and the dosimetry-radiometry system RADIUS-MD have been developed for the future MARS-96 mission. On the base of the results and experience of these investigations a conception for a new radiation dose control system for the future orbital stations, lunar bases and interplanetary space ships is proposed. The proposed system which consists of different instruments will allow personal radiation control for crew members, radiation monitoring inside and outside each habitat, analysis and forecasting of the situation and will suggest procedures to minimize the radiation risk. 相似文献
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Radiation protective structures on the base of a case study for a manned Mars mission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plans for interplanetary manned space missions imply significant risks arising from human's exposure to the hostile space environment. Thus the design of reliable protection systems against the ionizing cosmic radiation becomes one of the most relevant issues. In this paper the composition and magnitude of the atmospheric radiation on the planetary surface and for typical interplanetary transfer configurations have been analyzed. The investigation based on prior NASA and ESA mission results, using a manned mission to planet Mars as a case study. According to this, the time-dependent character of the consistency of cosmic radiation has been taken into account, which is justified by the interdependence of the radiation magnitude to the solar cycle. With regard to this paper it implies even solar particle events. The results have been compared to the protective character of different materials potentially usable as a habitat's structural shell and for interplanetary spacecrafts. The investigation aimed on particle energy degradation rates and reduction of secondary particle production. In this regard the physical process of absorbing effectiveness against particle radiation has been examined by analytical calculation and given scientific results, depending on thickness and molecular composition of the materials. The most suitable materials have been used for shield design proposals using different configurations, evaluating the use of aluminium, water tanks and polyethylene bricks. 相似文献