Kriging模型及代理优化算法研究进展

代理模型方法由于能显著提高工程优化设计问题的效率,在航空航天及其他领域得到了广泛重视,并逐渐发展成为一类优化算法,本文称其为代理优化（SBO）算法。在现有的代理模型方法中,如多项式响应面、径向基函数、神经网络、支持向量回归、多变量插值/回归、多项式混沌展开等,源于地质统计学的Kriging模型具有代表性,是一种非常具有应用潜力的代理模型方法。以飞行器设计领域的优化问题为背景,介绍了Kriging代理模型及应用于优化设计的理论和算法的最新研究进展。首先,概述了Kriging模型的基本理论和算法,并讨论了影响Kriging模型鲁棒性和效率的几个关键性问题。其次,回顾了Kriging模型理论和算法研究的3个最新研究进展,包括梯度增强型Kriging、CoKriging和分层Kriging模型。而后,分析提炼了基于Kriging模型的代理优化算法的优化机制和优化框架,给出了“优化加点准则”和“子优化”的概念,并介绍了目前常用的几种优化加点准则及其相应子优化问题的求解与约束处理;同时,还介绍了最新提出的局部EI加点准则以及代理优化的终止条件。最后,介绍了代理优化在标准测试函数算例验证、飞行器气动与多学科优化设计典型算例确认方面的研究进展,并对当前存在的一些关键科学问题以及未来研究方向进行了讨论。     

Hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization and its application to hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

Design reliability and robustness are getting increasingly important for the general design of aerospace systems with many inherently uncertain design parameters. This paper presents a hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization (UDO) method developed from probability theory and interval theory. Most of the uncertain design parameters which have sufficient information or experimental data are classified as random variables using probability theory, while the others are defined as interval variables with interval theory. Then a hybrid uncertainty analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series interval analysis is developed to obtain the uncer-tainty propagation from the design parameters to system responses. Three design optimization strategies, including deterministic design optimization (DDO), probabilistic UDO and hybrid UDO, are applied to the conceptual design of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM) used as the ascent propulsion system in Apollo lunar module. By comparison, the hybrid UDO is a feasible method and can be effectively applied to the general design of aerospace systems.     

A review of uncertainty in flight vehicle structural damage monitoring,diagnosis and control: Challenges and opportunities

This paper presents a comprehensive review of uncertainties involved in flight vehicle structural damage monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis and control. Uncertainties can cause infeasibilities, false diagnosis and very imprecise prognosis if not correctly taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to review existing methods that have been developed to address the problem of uncertainty in the area of damage sensing, diagnosis, prognosis and control in flight vehicles. The mathematical and statistical methods in analyzing uncertainty are first presented and compared. Then, the different sources and perspectives of uncertainties in the damage assessment process are presented and classified. Following this, diagnosis and prognosis methods are reviewed. Final review section covers the control of damaged structure under uncertainty. In each section and in the concluding remarks section the research challenges in the field of flight vehicle structural damage sensing, diagnosis and prognosis methods as well as control under uncertainty are identified and promising new ideas are discussed.     

翼身融合飞机的空气动力学研究进展

翼身融合飞机(Blended Wing Body Aircraft-BWB Aircraft)是一种新型高升阻比无尾布局的大型运输机,其气动特性的研究是BWB布局飞机克服众多技术难题的基础。文章首先简述了BWB布局的研究历程,给出巨型BWB布局飞机的总体几何特征参数和基本性能,并简述风洞和自由飞试验情况;接着介绍BWB研究中的多学科优化平台,着重讨论气动优化技术,它是解决BWB布局气动问题的基础手段之一;然后综述BWB布局研究的热点领域:气动特性研究、气动弹性研究和发动机/机体一体化设计研究;最后提出BWB布局发展趋势的若干方面。     

A review of aerial manipulation of small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems

Small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems(SRURSs) are a kind of unmanned rotorcraft with manipulating devices. This review aims to provide an overview on aerial manipulation of SRURSs nowadays and promote relative research in the future. In the past decade, aerial manipulation of SRURSs has attracted the interest of researchers globally. This paper provides a literature review of the last 10 years(2008–2017) on SRURSs, and details achievements and challenges. Firstly, the definition, current state, development, classification, and challenges of SRURSs are introduced. Then, related papers are organized into two topical categories: mechanical structure design, and modeling and control. Following this, research groups involved in SRURS research and their major achievements are summarized and classified in the form of tables. The research groups are introduced in detail from seven parts. Finally, trends and challenges are compiled and presented to serve as a resource for researchers interested in aerial manipulation of SRURSs. The problem,trends, and challenges are described from three aspects. Conclusions of the paper are presented,and the future of SRURSs is discussed to enable further research interests.     

面向控制的高超声速飞行器总体优化设计方法

从前期高超声速飞行器基础理论以及关键技术的研究到现今的飞行试验可以看出,高超声速飞行器在总体设计阶段过晚考虑飞行器动力学特性和控制性能会给后期控制系统设计带来极大的困难。在对两类高超声速飞行器试飞与控制相关问题分析的基础上,提出了面向控制的高超声速飞行器总体优化设计方法,给出了面向控制的总体优化设计研究方法、思路和模块框架。     

基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展

基于高可信度计算流体力学的数值优化设计方法，在提高飞行器气动与综合性能方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于代理模型的优化算法（SBO），由于能够实现高效全局优化，逐渐成为了气动优化设计领域的研究热点之一。近20年来，代理优化算法研究已取得了长足进步，多种先进的新型代理模型被提出，优化理论和算法也不断完善和发展。以飞行器精细化气动优化设计为背景，综述了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展。首先，介绍了基于变可信度代理模型的气动优化设计方法、结合代理模型和伴随方法的气动优化设计方法以及基于非生物进化的并行气动优化设计方法的研究现状和最新进展。然后，针对飞行器气动优化设计学科领域的前沿问题，介绍了基于代理模型的多目标气动优化设计方法、混合反设计/优化设计方法、稳健气动优化设计方法的研究进展，以及基于代理模型的多学科优化设计方法的研究进展。文献综述表明，代理优化算法在设计效率、全局性以及鲁棒性等方面性能优良，已经发展到可以解决100维（100个设计变量）以内的气动优化设计问题，具有良好的工程应用前景。最后，探讨了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计在理论、方法及飞行器设计应用方面所面临的问题和挑战，给出了未来研究方向的建议。     

航空经济学及面向价值的飞机设计理论与实践

全球化的市场竞争是商用飞机产业的重要特征之一,对安全性、舒适性、经济性和环保性指标的不断追求推动着技术的不断进步及产业链的全球化发展。在飞机设计中,对经济性的考虑在航空技术和型号发展中的作用越来越突出,也是中国航空产业发展面临的重大挑战因素之一。在新技术研发决策及其在型号中的应用中,经济性考虑始终是决策的关键因素,本文综述航了空经济学的研究范畴和主要分析方法,及其对飞机概念设计、结构设计和系统选择等主要决策的影响,面向价值的设计理论和方法在飞机设计中的实践。希望本文的发表可以促进航空经济学的发展,相关方法可以在型号设计的最优综合评价中发挥作用,实现涵盖时间成本在内的综合评价指标最优的方案。可以预期,航空经济学的发展有助于提升中国航空制造业在竞争越来越激烈的全球航空产业链中的竞争力。     

Recent progress in flexible supporting technology for aerospace thin-walled parts: A review

Thin-walled parts are widely used in the aerospace industry owing to their light weight and high specific strength. However, due to the low rigidity of thin-walled parts, elastic deformation and chatter easily occur, which seriously affect the machining accuracy and workpiece surface quality. To solve this problem, several supporting technologies have been reported in recent years. This paper reviews the recent research progress of flexible supporting technologies in the aerospace field by class...     

Towards intelligent design optimization: Progress and challenge of design optimization theories and technologies for plastic forming

Plastic forming is one of enabling and fundamental technologies in advanced manufacturing chains. Design optimization is a critical way to improve the performance of the forming system, exploit the advantages of high productivity, high product quality, low production cost and short time to market and develop precise, accurate, green, and intelligent (smart) plastic forming technology. However, plastic forming is quite complicated, relating to multi-physics field coupling, multi-factor influence, multi-defect constraint, and triple nonlinear, etc., and the design optimization for plastic forming involves multi-objective, multi-parameter, multi-constraint, nonlinear, high-dimensionality, non-continuity, time-varying, and uncertainty, etc. Therefore, how to achieve accurate and efficient design optimization of products, equipment, tools/dies, and processing as well as materials characterization has always been the research frontier and focus in the field of engineering and manufacturing. In recent years, with the rapid development of computing science, data science and internet of things (IoT), the theories and technologies of design optimization have attracted more and more attention, and developed rapidly in forming process. Accordingly, this paper first introduced the framework of design optimization for plastic forming. Then, focusing on the key problems of design optimization, such as numerical model and optimization algorithm, this paper summarized the research progress on the development and application of the theories and technologies about design optimization in forming process, including deterministic and uncertain optimization. Moreover, the applicability of various modeling methods and optimization algorithms was elaborated in solving the design optimization problems of plastic forming. Finally, considering the development trends of forming technology, this paper discusses some challenges of design optimization that may need to be solved and faced in forming process.