单晶镍基合金拉伸蠕变期间γ‘相定向粗化的特征及影响因素

对[001]取向单晶镍基合金恒载拉伸蠕变的组织形貌进行SEM观察和EDAX成分分析,研究了γ′相定向粗化特征及影响因素.结果表明,由于应力场和温度场的差别,蠕变样品不同位置处筏状γ′相粗化尺寸及特征不同,近断口处筏状γ′相扭曲且粗化加剧,随离断口距离增加,γ′相粗化程度减弱;在γ′相定向粗化的扩散场中,分配比值较小且相对稳定的元素W可成为其他元素的扩散障碍,使合金2中γ′相的形筏时间明显延长.     

单晶镍基合金拉伸蠕变期间γ′相定向粗化的特征及影响因素

对[001]取向单晶镍基合金恒载拉伸蠕变的组织形貌进行SEM观察和EDAX成分分析,研究了γ′相定向粗化特征及影响因素.结果表明,由于应力场和温度场的差别,蠕变样品不同位置处筏状γ′相粗化尺寸及特征不同,近断口处筏状γ′相扭曲且粗化加剧,随离断口距离增加,γ′相粗化程度减弱;在γ′相定向粗化的扩散场中,分配比值较小且相对稳定的元素W可成为其他元素的扩散障碍,使合金2中γ′相的形筏时间明显延长.     

单晶镍基合金稳态蠕变期间的内应力及影响因素

通过对［００１］取向单晶镍基合金稳态蠕变期间位错运动内应力的测定及ＥＤＡＸ微区成分分析,研究了两种合金的抗蠕变性能。结果表明,随温度的提高,合金２中γ′相尺寸和体积分数明显减少,而合金１中高浓度的Ａｌ,Ｔａ元素使γ′相保持较高的体积分数,这是合金１蠕变抗力优于合金２的主要原因。     

镍基单晶合金高温蠕变筏化模型研究

基于细观两相胞元结构的滑移本构模型, 引入高温蠕变筏化机制, 并与三维胞元应力应变解析模型结合, 模拟了DD3在1 223 K和SRR99在1 123 K及1 253 K下的蠕变筏化.在胞元应力模型中引入细观尺寸变化, 提出了判断γ′筏化类型和方向的准则, 定量模拟了γ′的高温筏化过程.结果表明:本模型对筏化方向的判断和筏化过程的模拟与试验相吻合, 筏化模型的引入使基于细观胞元结构的滑移本构模型可以较准确地模拟单晶材料的高温蠕变行为.      

镍基单晶合金高温蠕变筏化模型研究

在基于细观两相胞元结构的滑移本构模型基础上,引入高温蠕变筏化机制,并与三维胞元应力应变解析模型结合,来模拟DD3在1223K和SRR99在1123K和1253K下的蠕变筏化。文章首先给三维胞元应力应变解析模型引入细观胞元尺寸的变化,再通过对相关理论及试验观测的分析,提出以γ/γ′各界面位错密度的大小和基体各通道有效应力的状态为依据来判断 的筏化类型和方向,最后应用Avrami方程定量分析胞元中 的高温筏化过程,通过对细观胞元尺寸和应力应变状态的实时更新,再结合细观滑移本构模型得到材料的高温蠕变全过程。模拟结果表明,本模型提出的对筏化类型和方向的判断均与试验所得结论相吻合,且其筏化过程也基本符合试验观测的结果,筏化定量分析的加入使此考虑细观胞元结构的滑移本构模型可以较准确的模拟单晶材料的高温蠕变性能。     

DD6单晶高温合金760℃和1070℃拉伸行为与变形机制

采用拉伸测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段研究了第二代单晶高温合金DD6在760℃和1070℃拉伸行为与变形机制。结果表明:DD6单晶高温合金760℃拉伸变形时,大量位错和层错切割γ'相,出现热激活硬化,拉伸应力-应变曲线表现双重阶段,断口为类解理断裂特征;1070℃拉伸变形时,位错主要以绕过γ'相方式在γ相通道运动,拉伸应力-应变曲线表现曲线特征,断口为韧窝断裂特征。     

FGH95粉末镍基合金热处理后的微观组织与蠕变性能

通过进行蠕变曲线测定和组织形貌观察,研究了FGH95粉末镍基合金的微观组织结构与蠕变行为。结果表明：合金经高温固溶、盐浴冷却处理后,组织结构是由细小的γ’相弥散分布在γ基体所组成,其细小（Nb,Ti）C碳化物在晶内及沿晶界不连续析出。在试验的温度和施加应力范围内,合金表现出明显的施加温度敏感性,并测算出合金在稳态蠕变期间的蠕变激活能和应力指数分别为Q=542．07kJ／mol和n=14．8。合金在蠕变期间的变形特征是孪晶和位错在晶内发生双取向滑移,其切入γ’相内的〈110〉超位错可分解形成（1／3）〈112〉超肖克莱不全位错＋层错的位错组态,发生孪晶变形的孪晶面为（111）晶面。晶界及沿晶界不连续析出的细小（Nb,Ti）C型碳化物可有效阻碍位错运动,是使合金具有较高抗蠕变能力的主要原因。     

基于细观位错机理的单晶合金高温力学性能模拟

利用基于细观位错运动的蠕变筏化模型对镍基单晶合金CMSX-4在1223K下的拉伸、蠕变、循环、蠕变疲劳交互及各向异性进行模拟,结果表明:拉伸过程中应变率较高时应力略微下降的现象;蠕变条件下应力越大则蠕变第1阶段越明显,而蠕变稳定阶段越短的趋势;蠕变疲劳交互作用下的应力松弛和应变增大;以及单晶3个典型晶体取向的循环应变硬化特征。通过与试验结果对比,验证了此模型在较高温度下对单晶合金性能的综合模拟能力。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的高温蠕变行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在1000℃的高温低应力蠕变行为。实验结果表明:合金蠕变速率呈现出先减小再增大的变化趋势,当应变量达到一定临界值(1±0.2)%后,变形速率迅速上升,蠕变进入第三阶段。高温蠕变初始阶段的主要变形机制为a/2〈110〉{111}型位错环在基体内运动。合金在高温蠕变稳态阶段的主要变形机制为位错切割γ’相,切割位错主要有螺型位错对和[001]超位错两种形式。     

Re对γ'相粗化行为的影响

研究了三种不同Re含量(wt%)的新型单晶高温合金(DD6+0Re合金, DD6+1Re合金, DD6+2Re合金)在1100℃下的γ'粗化动力学.结果表明,Re可以有效地阻碍γ'相的粗化,提高γ'相的粗化激活能,从而可以Re改善单晶高温合金的高温力学性能.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.