船载外测设备方位误差超标问题分析

针对航天测量船船载外测设备长期存在的方位误差超标现象,研究了测量船轴系误差修正方法和船载设备角度误差修正原理,发现测量船船载外测设备光机偏差修正模型与方位零值标定方法不匹配,存在重复修正光机偏差误差的现象,从而导致该项误差偏大时引起方位误差超标。提出了测量船方位零位以机械轴为基准标定时的光机偏差修正的改进模型,并利用测量船校飞数据和卫星发射测量数据进行了仿真测试。测试结果验证了改进模型的正确性,解决了测量船外测设备方位误差超标的难题。     

极轴式望远镜系统误差修正模型推导

为保证极轴式望远镜轴系测量精度,需要对其系统误差进行修正。在分析极轴式望远镜测角工作原理的基础上,提出了利用欧拉变换方法推导其系统误差修正模型。采用该方法详细推导出望远镜的测角元件误差、极轴误差、纬轴误差、视轴误差等轴系误差模型以及镜筒下沉误差模型,并给出了极轴式望远镜的系统误差修正模型。该误差修正模型与采用球面三角学的方法推导出来的系统误差修正模型完全一致,欧拉变换方法由于只涉及到坐标的旋转与矩阵的计算,更容易理解和掌握。     

电波折射误差实时修正的公式拟合方法

在实际工程应用中,为了提高雷达测量精度,电波折射误差的修正主要采用实时修正方法。本文给出了电波折射误差实时修正的公式拟合方法,该方法在实际应用中能够快速得到折射误差,从而提高了雷达测量精度。     

极轴式望远镜系统误差修正方法研究

为提高极轴式望远镜的测量精度,借鉴地平式望远镜的系统误差修正方法,推导了基于轴系和球谐函数的极轴式望远镜系统误差修正模型,在分析2种误差修正模型误差项不足的基础上,探索性地提出了一种新的误差修正模型——改进球谐函数系统误差修正模型。对实际测星数据进行误差修正的结果表明,进行改进球谐函数系统误差修正后,精度在时角和赤纬方向上比其他方法提高了50%。     

考虑转台定位误差的快速自对准方法研究

提出了一种考虑转台定位误差情况下的捷联惯导快速两位置自对准方法.在传统解析粗对准方法的基础上,根据对准位置及旋转过程中的惯导相邻时刻输出信息小幅慢变的特点,通过引入中间坐标系,实现实际旋转角度的精确跟踪和导航误差的实时更新计算,同时对动态环境对导航误差的影响进行补偿,以提高导航误差的计算精度.建立等效漂移与导航误差之间的数学关系,基于等效漂移,辨识初始姿态角误差,并根据对准精度要求对辨识结果进行迭代修正.静、动态环境条件下的试验结果表明,该方法能够有效克服转台定位误差对惯导系统自对准的影响,计算速度及精度满足对准要求,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

对流层大气折射误差的微波辐射计修正

目前,雷达的目标跟踪定位、卫星的测控定轨等对大气折射误差高精度修正的要求越来越高。针对传统大气折射误差修正方法的成本高、实时性差等问题,研究利用对水汽和液态水含量敏感的双通道微波辐射计测得的辐射亮温来反演大气折射率的方法。对微波辐射计的反演结果和探空数据的结果进行比较,计算不同海拔高度上反演的平均偏差和均方差,发现利用微波辐射计反演得到的折射率剖面与探空值吻合较好,验证了此方法的可行性。同时介绍了微波辐射计新的定标方法和微波辐射计对于水平不均匀大气的折射误差修正方法。     

一种电波折射实时修正新方法

针对现有实时电波折射修正方法的不足,通过对距离和仰角电波折射误差影响因素进行分析,充分考虑各测站气候的差异,建立与测站历史气象数据相关的修正模型,并在此基础上提出了一种关于对流层电波折射实时修正新方法。同时以实测数据为例,对该方法和其他传统方法的修正效果进行比较,结果表明该方法同时具备实时数据处理的速度和事后数据处理要求的精度。     

计算航路上飞行冲突概率的一种方法

针对飞机在航路飞行时航迹变化的一般情形,考虑预估航迹可能存在的各种误差,修正了航迹改变后的航迹预估误差协方差矩阵,用于改进了的三维飞行冲突概率计算方法.最后用Mome-Carlo.方法验证了计算结果的正确性并对结果进行了分析.     

实时干涉测量中对流层延迟与钟差精修正建模

由于中国深空干涉测量系统无法采用短时差分标校,使得实时测量精度较差,误差来源主要包括对流层延迟模型误差和钟差模型误差。为了提高实时测量精度,基于最大值最小准则,对对流层天顶延迟进行精确修正;引入邻近估计与线性回归模型,实现了高精度的钟差非线性预报。经任务数据验证,对流层延迟精修正模型预报值与实测值的差异最大值优于0.33m(仰角≥10°);相对EGNOS和"EGNOS+GMF"模型,该误差减小约1个数量级;相对线性预报,非线性预报误差减小约半个数量级。可为我国后续深空探测任务提供高精度对流层延迟和钟差建模及预报。     

双轴惯导轴系非正交误差全空间补偿技术研究

旋转调制技术实现了捷联惯导的高精度长航时导航,但轴系非正交误差的存在影响着导航姿态精度。传统轴系非正交误差补偿方法是针对旋转轴停留在固定位置完成的,提出一种全空间的轴系非正交误差补偿方法,不限定旋转轴的转停位置。试验结果证明该误差补偿方法较传统方法更优,对惯导姿态精度提升明显。     

电波折射误差实时修正方法研究

目前的实时弹道处理过程中,由于获得探空气象数据比较困难,电波折射误差均采用各种简化方法进行计算,因而大气折射误差计算的精度不高,修正效果不佳。针对这种现状,本文提出了基于双指数模型的射线瞄迹法计算大气折射误差。试算结果表明,该方法的计算精度与事后数据处理所采用的电波折射误差修正方法相当,且能够满足实时处理的时间要求。     

NURBS曲线插补算法在圆弧插补中的分析与实现

NURBS曲线插补技术是目前高档数控机床研究的一个热点问题,针对传统插补方法中存在的精度低,速度慢的缺点,本文在分析NURBS曲线特点的基础上,提出了一种基于轮廓误差调整的圆弧曲线插补算法,实时修正插补参数,减小轮廓误差,并进行了仿真实现。通过与传统插补方法对比实验表明,该方法可以极大提高圆弧曲线的插补精度及插补效率,满足插补运算实时性的要求。     

Sigma-mean monitoring for the local area augmentation of GPS

The local area augmentation system (LAAS) is a ground-based differential GPS system being developed to support aircraft precision approach and landing navigation with guaranteed integrity. To quantitatively appraise navigation integrity, an aircraft computes vertical and lateral protection levels using the standard deviation of pseudo-range correction errors, /spl sigma//sub pr/spl I.bar/gnd/, broadcast by the LAAS ground facility (LGF). Thus, one significant integrity risk is that the true standard deviation (sigma) of the pseudo-range correction error distribution may grow to exceed the broadcast correction error sigma or that the true mean of the correction error distribution becomes excessive during LAAS operation. This event may occur due to unexpected anomalies of GPS measurements. To insure that the true error distribution is bounded by a zero-mean Gaussian distribution with the broadcast sigma value, real-time sigma and mean monitoring is necessary. Both direct estimation and cumulative sum (CUSUM) methods are useful to detect violations with acceptable residual integrity risk. For sigma monitoring, the estimation method more rapidly detects small violations of /spl sigma//sub pr/spl I.bar/gnd/ but the fast initial response (FIR) CUSUM variant more promptly detects significant violations that would pose a larger threat to user integrity. For the purposes of mean monitoring, the FIR CUSUM variant is superior to the estimation method in detecting any mean violations. The results demonstrate that real-time protection is achievable against all sizes of sigma/mean failures that can threaten navigation integrity.     

Application of the Concept of Referenced Radio Navigation

This paper discusses referenced radio navigation, the concept whereby monitoring stations at known locations are used to calibrate out systematic errors in a navigation system. This concept is implemented by broadcasting calibration data to the navigating user for application as real-time corrections to the position fixes made by the user's basic navigation equipment. A method is suggested for the automatic transmission and receiver processing of the correction data. Referenced radio navigation overcomes many of the shortcomings generally associated with long-distance navigation systems, and can increase accuracy and repeatability significantly. The concept is particularly applicable to global navigation systems such as OMEGA, in which propagation or synchronization errors can contribute substantially to the system error budget.     

Periodic Error Compensation for Quartz MEMS Gyroscope Drift of INS

In order to improve the navigation accuracy of an inertial navigation system （INS）, composed of quartz gyroscopes, the existing real-time compensation methods for periodic errors in quartz gyroscope drift and the periodic error term relationship between sampled original data and smoothed data are reviewed. On the base of the results, a new compensation method called using former period characteristics to compensate latter smoothness data （UFCL for short） method is proposed considering the INS working characteristics. This new method uses the original data without smoothing to work out an error conversion formula at the INS initial alignment time and then compensate the smoothed data errors by way of the formula at the navigation time. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that this method is able to cut down on computational time and raise the accuracy which makes it a better real-time compensation approach for periodic error terms of quartz micro electronic mechanical system （MEMS） gyroscope＇s zero drift.     

ADS-B用于高精度雷达标定的方法

为了更好地解决高精度雷达标定的问题,提出了基于广播式自动相关监视系统(ADS-B)固定误差及目标回波中心动态修正的雷达标定新方法。首先分析了ADS-B位置数据误差的来源、类型及在雷达坐标系下的特征,同时对民航目标回波中心的变化作了分析建模,在此基础上进一步通过对雷达数据与ADS-B数据之差作动态联合修正,最终估算出雷达系统误差,提高了雷达系统误差标定的精度和稳定性。并利用多批次的实测数据对该标定新方法与其他方法进行了对比验证,结果表明,该方法有效提高了标定的精度和稳定性,并已成功应用于雷达标定设备中。     

增广状态反馈在雷达伺服控制系统中的设计实现

在航路捷径附近,靶场单脉冲测量雷达的伺服控制器使用传统PID（比例积分微分）角误差控制方法跟踪飞行目标时,会产生较大的动态滞后误差。针对这种情况,提出采用带状态观测的增广状态反馈控制方法,通过实时观测系统内部状态信息（状态变量）并及时根据状态进行系统调节的控制方式,可以实现对高速目标的快速稳定跟踪。经过仿真和系统试验,证明这种控制方法可以较大地提高系统的动态响应速度并减小航路捷径附近的动态滞后误差。     

基于Hankel阵的荧光油膜灰度与厚度预测模型改进

针对荧光油膜灰度与厚度关系数据采集方法较为繁琐、耗时耗力这一问题,研究了基于Hankel阵的系统辨识算法,并在此基础提出了Hankel阵误差修正模型和Hankel阵高阶迭代误差修正模型等两种改进方法,利用了极少数据量建立模型,实现了对其余未知荧光油膜厚度值的预测,且保持了较高的精度。试验结果表明:基于极少数据量建模以预测该数据量外的数据点这一特殊背景下,插值法的外插能力显得并不适用。而传统Hankel阵预测模型的预测精度为76.69%,Hankel阵误差修正模型和Hankel阵高阶迭代误差修正模型的预测精度分别为85.69%和89.25%,较之传统方法预测精度分别提高了9%和12.56%,为荧光油流技术领域针对荧光油膜灰度与厚度建模问题提供了一种可行技术路线,具有一定的实际工程应用意义。      

A New Optimal Hatch Filter to Minimize the Effects of Ionosphere Gradients for GBAS

At present, the main problem faced by ground-based augment system （GBAS） is that though carder smoothing filter and local differential global positioning system （LDGPS） improve the accuracy of the pseudorange by reducing the noise in it and eliminating almost all the common errors between the user and the reference station, they also cause extra errors on account of the effects of the ionosphere temporal and spatial gradients. Based on the analysis of these errors as well as the smoothing noise, this article suggests a new algorithm to design the optimal Hatch filter, whose smoothing window width varies real-time with the satellite elevation, ionosphere variation, and distance from the user to the reference station. By conducting the positioning process in the GBAS emulation platform for several hours and after its comparison with the performances of traditional Hatch filters, it is found that the errors in the differential correction become smaller and the positioning accuracy gets heightened with this new method.