从管制规定入手谈大连区域军民航防相撞工作的几点认识

随着飞行量的日益增长,发生在军民航之间的飞行矛盾更加突出。如何在现有的条件下解决这一突出矛盾,成为军民航管制界共同面对的难题,这使得军民航防相撞工作成为当前和今后一个时期内军民航空管安全工作的重要课题。     

军民航防相撞第六次协同会议在京召开

9月3日,军民航防相撞第六次协同会议在北京召开,会议主要对近年来军民航防相撞工作中存在的一些重大问题和一些长期困扰军民航飞行安全的突出问题进行了认真细致的研究,并重点研究了60周年国庆阅兵空管保障工作。民航局空管局局长苏兰根、空司航管部部长李忠利到会并做了重要指示。     

全国民航防相撞工作会议召开

12月1日，全国民航防相撞工作会议在北京召开，会议提出，当前和今后一段时期民航防相撞工作的主要任务是：大力减少航空器飞行冲突，杜绝航空器相撞，保障飞行安全。要从提高认识、明确责任、完善机制、健全法规、专项治理、规范运行、加强协调和提升技术等方面入手，人力加强和改进防相撞工作。民航总局局长杨元元、国家空管委办公室马健副主任出席会议并讲话，民航总局副局长王昌顺在会上作了专题报告，民航总局宁管局局长苏兰根主持会议并作总结发言。民航总局机关司局、国家空管委办公室、民航各地区管理局、各地区空管局、各空管中心（站）、各运输航空公司、民航院校及科研机构的有关负责人参加了会议。     

呼伦贝尔空管站召开2007年军民航防相撞工作与管制协调总结会议

为加强军民航协调,加强军民航信息通报,防止管制区内出现军民航航空器相撞与小于间隔事件发生,总结工作经验。呼伦贝尔空管站管制室与空军西山机场管制室于2007年12月25日举行2007年军民航协调会议及军民航防相撞总结会议。     

解析由“地面近点”实现“空中远点”——积极发挥军民航空中交通管制协调在防相撞工作中的作用

为认真贯彻落实民航总局空管局和空军关于开展军民航“防相撞宣传教育月”活动的通知精神，结合民航系统的安全工作“十项专项整治”活动，三月中、下旬，民航西北空管局与兰空航管处就做好防相撞工作先后进行了两次军民航管制工作协调会，会上，军民航就本地区的空域结构、飞行环境、管制协调与飞行情况通报等事宜进行了座谈和讨论，     

军民航携手 共建和谐蓝天

12月4日,长春空管站协调当地空军有关单位,召开了长春地区军民航防相撞工作协调会。会上,军民航各单位总结了2006年长春地区军民航防相撞工作情况,针对工作中存在的突出矛盾问题进行了座谈交流。通过讨论,达成共识,军民航双方签定了《关于建立重大军事飞行活动提前通报制度的协议》。     

贵阳管制区军民互动交流防止空中相撞

为了适应军民航飞行活动快速增长的要求，进一步加强军民航之间的协调工作，减少军民航之间的飞行冲突，防止空中航空器相撞，确保飞行安全，3月15日，贵阳区域管制室和塔台管制室组织管制员到贵阳磊庄机场空军航管站进行军民航互动交流活动。贵阳管制空域飞行环境复杂，飞行量相对比较集中，     

相撞事故调查分析与防相撞空管策略研究

随着我国航空事业的迅速发展,空中交通流量不断增长、飞行密度不断增大,飞行安全形势日趋严峻,防止航空器相撞工作的地位和作用更加突出。防止航空器相撞,事关国家利益和人民生命财产安全,研究分析历次相撞事故根源,总结经验教训,提出合理化的空中交通管理策略,为做好防相撞工作提供有力的保障。     

每月一览

11月1日,天津地区军民航防相撞工作协调会在天津空管分局召开。(刘立存)11月2日,贵州空管分局团委举办了题为"心态、困难与挫折"的心理知识讲座。(王艺)11月2日,河北空管分局在石家庄市平山县温塘西苑宾馆组织召开军民航防相撞研讨会。(李春泰)     

每月一览

2月1日，大连空管中心邀请驻连空军领导，就大连地区的军民航防相撞工作召开了座谈会。     

Fuel consumption and collision avoidance strategy in multi-static orbit formations

This paper analyses the fuel consumption of interferometric radar missions employing small satellite formations like, e.g., Cross-track Pendulum, Cartwheel, CarPe, or Trinodal Pendulum. Individual analytic expressions are provided for each of the following contributions: separation from a simultaneously injected master satellite, formation set-up, orbit maintenance, formation maintenance, and distance maintenance. For this, a general system of equations is derived describing the relative motion of the small satellites in a co-rotating reference frame. The transformation into Keplerian elements is carried out. To evaluate fuel consumption, three master satellites are assumed in different orbital heights, which are typical for Earth observation missions. The size of the exemplarily analysed formations is defined by remote sensing aspects and their respective fuel requirements are estimated. Furthermore, a collision avoidance concept is introduced, which includes a formation separation and formation set-up after a desired time period.     

航空器防相撞技术体系研究

近年来,随着我国航空运输业的高速发展．航空运输的飞行量快速增长,使航空器空中相撞事故征候不断增多,飞行协调的难度不断加大,飞行冲突矛盾非常突出。在目前我国防相撞技术体系尚未完善的情况下．这些飞行冲突基本上只能靠协调和协商来解决。不仅影响了空域和航线的有效利用,也极大地制约了我国航空运输业的发展。     

Tether satellite system collision study

A study was performed to determine the probability of collision with resident space objects and untrackable debris for the tether component of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) after it broke away from the space shuttle orbiter (mission STS-75) in February 1996. Both an analytical and a numerical approach were used in this study, and the results obtained with these two methods were found to be in good agreement. These results show that the deployed tether is expected to have been impacted by several particles 0.1 mm or larger in size. The probability of collision with objects 10 cm in size or larger was on the order of 10⁻³ per month. Since the severed tether reentered within one month after deployment, the collision hazard to other objects while in orbit was small. The analytical methods used in this study are general and can be applied to future tether collision evaluations.     

System engineering analysis of derelict collision prevention options

Sensitivities to the future growth of orbital debris and the resulting hazard to operational satellites due to collisional breakups of large derelict objects are being studied extensively. However, little work has been done to quantify the technical and operational tradeoffs between options for minimizing future derelict fragmentations that act as the primary source for future debris hazard growth. The two general categories of debris mitigation examined for prevention of collisions involving large derelict objects (rocket bodies and payloads) are active debris removal (ADR) and just-in-time collision avoidance (JCA). Timing, cost, and effectiveness are compared for ADR and JCA solutions highlighting the required enhancements in uncooperative element set accuracy, rapid ballistic launch, despin/grappling systems, removal technologies, and remote impulsive devices. The primary metrics are (1) the number of derelict objects moved/removed per the number of catastrophic collisions prevented and (2) cost per collision event prevented. A response strategy that contains five different activities, including selective JCA and ADR, is proposed as the best approach going forward.     

基于波碰撞法的机器人路径规划法

文章提出了在离散区域上,基于起始点和目标点相向传播波碰撞法的机器人路径规划法。设机器人作业环境为二维平面大小一定的矩形地形,机器人行走时仅限于作原地转向或直线行走。基于此开展路径规划的仿真研究,提出了搜索许可路径的算法。计算机模拟结果证实该算法可行、有效。     

A method of controlling asteroid collision with the Earth

The planet Earth has endured unwelcome “visitations” of space rocks many times. NASA and agencies of other nations have proposed concepts on how asteroids, in possible collision with planet Earth, can be diverted. These methods range from impulsive techniques using explosives, conventional and nuclear, to the slow nudging action of a spacecraft with powerful thrust. A methods not described elsewhere in any research, as far as the author knows, is presented in this paper. The methods of electrostatics will be employed to show how the new deflection concept can be developed to avoid asteroid collision with Earth.     

碰撞风险评估中的空间环境激励图方法

因航天器物理特征、空间环境扰动变化、预报技术和大气模型性能等既有不确定因素的存在，空间目标碰撞概率等与轨道预报相关的评估工作存在模糊度问题，无法准确描述碰撞风险水平。文章基于碰撞概率极值，简化气动力误差模型，量化计算轨道预报相关事务的边界；提出空间环境激励图和3σ区的概念，并给出具体实施方法以及空间碎片碰撞预警、空间物体陨落预报的计算示例。计算结果表明，该方法能较好应对轨道预报相关事务中的模糊度问题，可为相关航天工程实践和决策提供参考。     

New insights on the orbital debris collision hazard at GEO

An analysis is performed of the orbital debris collision hazard to operational spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit (GEO). As part of the examination, the contribution of individual components of the population are considered and presented to provide a clearer linkage between object characteristic and resulting risk. Our examination of GEO collision risk reveals several critical new insights: (1) the current probability of collision in GEO is relatively low, yet the future is difficult to predict due to our limited ability to observe objects in GEO and the uncertainty in past and future debris-generating events in GEO; (2) the probability of collision in GEO is not uniform by longitude — it is seven times greater in regions centered about the geopotential wells; (3) the probability of a mission-terminating collision is greatly dependent upon the approximately 2200 objects in the 10 cm–1 m range observed in GEO but not yet cataloged; (4) hardware relocated to GEO “graveyard” disposal orbits pose a potential additional, but not fully understood, collision hazard to operational GEO satellites; and (5) the collision hazard throughout the course of a day or year is highly episodic (i.e. non-uniform).     

航天器碰撞解体碎片分析软件SFA2.0及其应用

为了实现对航天器在轨解体事件及其碎片分布特性的快速分析,中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)开发了SFA(Spacecraft Fragmentation Analysis)软件。该软件主要基于CSBM航天器解体模型开发形成,同时集成了NASA的标准解体模型。SFA软件具有解体程度分析、解体碎片生成、碎片分布统计等功能,并可以实时显示计算结果、绘制统计曲线。文章着重介绍了SFA软件2.0版的功能模块、主要算法、界面及使用方法等,并针对Iridium 33-Cosmos 2251碰撞、Solwind P78航天器解体等在轨事件进行了分析。