一种分布式异步航迹融合算法

在多被动传感器目标跟踪中,融合中心处理的信息一般是同步的,然而实际情况并非如此。另外,一些被动传感器只能得到目标的方位信息,无法单独形成有效航迹,这就需要将各传感器数据同步到相同时刻,然后应用同步融合算法。针对被动传感器探测系统,采用传感器到传感器融合和系统到传感器融合的分布式融合结构,并对各局部传感器引入全局反馈,对相关信息采用协方差交叉算法进行处理,完成被动传感器异步数据的融合,仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的融合效果。     

基于数据融合技术的多导航传感器性能评价系统研究

试飞是对导航传感器性能进行评价的有效手段.为克服仅采用单一导航传感器作为评价基准的缺陷,提出了基于数据融合技术的多导航传感器性能评价方法及其系统实现.设计的多导航传感器性能评价系统融合了卡尔曼滤波、最优固定区间平滑滤波、最小二乘加权等多导航传感器数据融合算法,在分析上述融合算法特点及使用的基础上,从信息流的角度出发,设计并实现了相应的多导航传感器性能评价系统.给出了评价系统的主要功能模块的设计与实现.还通过仿真数据对评价系统的功能和性能进行了测试,测试结果表明评价系统能准确地实现对导航传感器性能的评价.     

综合航电设备多传感器多级数据融合的敌我属性估计

介绍了C^4 ISR系统中多传感器数据融合的特点和一种空战融合模式,结合实例说明了多传感器各自对目标信息的测量结果进行融合处理,推导了单传感器和多传感器未知命题的周期融合的可信度分配,并根据概率分布函数求出我机和敌机的置信度和拟信度,进行了验证和分析。分析表明,多传感器数据融合可以较全面准确地识别空中目标,达到对目标属性的准确估计。     

机载探测设备目标识别算法的研究

针对机载探测设备多传感器系统具有多目标,大量观测数据的特点,提出了一种基于Demp-ster-Shafer（D-S）证据理论和主观Bayesian方法组合的数据融合算法。在数据融合过程中,为保证融合的实时性,融合系统采用时域融合和空域融合相结合的方法,首先对相同传感器的各次抽样值进行时域融合,然后传感器之间的融合采用D-S方法进行融合;最后,其融合结果经概率转化后,与来自于ELINT（Electronic Intelligence）的信息通过主观Bayesian方法进行识别级融合。最后给出一个实例,经过仿真计算证明了该算法的可行性和实用性。     

基于信息融合技术的火灾报警方法研究

根据当今火灾探测的现状和实现火灾早期报警的需求,将多传感器数据融合技术应用在火灾报警系统中。在分析了信息融合系统的三级结构及火灾报警信息非结构特性的基础上,以感温、感烟和气体的火灾报警模拟量为输入,利用粗糙集和神经网络对多传感器信号进行融合,设计出一种快速、准确和有效的火灾探测系统,达到了提早报警和降低误报警频次的目的。     

基于中值滤波和小波变换的混合滤波方法在推进剂监测中的应用

目前,监测传感器传出信号中混有很多噪声,为提高信号可信度,需要一种有效的信号处理方法。文章基于Matlab仿真环境,完成了信号仿真和滤波算法的设计,重点对单传感器仿真信号的去噪和多传感器信息融合进行了研究,提出了基于中值滤波和小波阈值滤波的混合滤波方案和基于Kalman滤波的信号融合方案。研究工作有:基于高斯白噪声和脉冲噪声的数学特性,合理假设出5种基本信号形式;依据实际数据,完成单传感器和多传感器信号仿真,确定信噪比和均方根误差作为去噪评定指标;综合分析现有的滤波算法的滤波特性,利用不同长度滑动窗口的中值滤波处理实验信号,选取合适长度的滑动窗口。设置对比实验确定小波阈值滤波中的小波基函数选取、阈值计算和分解尺度等参数;融合中值滤波和小波阈值滤波优势,设计混合滤波方案,去除单传感器仿真信号中的噪声;研究信息融合理论在泄漏监测系统中的应用,设置不同融合方式下的对比实验,确立最佳融合方式下的Kalman滤波方案,实现多传感器信息融合。     

基于改进的FCM和信息熵修正的航迹融合算法

在局部航迹信息质量不均衡条件下,选择所有局部航迹进行航迹融合的算法会造成系统航迹质量下降。为了提高跟踪性能,提出了一种基于改进的模糊C均值(FCM)和信息熵修正的航迹融合算法。通过交互式多模型(IMM)滤波后的航迹信息对聚类数据做“质量”修正,改进后的FCM算法对局部航迹进行聚类分析,利用信息熵和隶属度对局部航迹进行选择和融合,达到修正聚类中心和提高系统航迹质量的效果。仿真结果表明：当多个传感器跟踪机动目标时,在传感器的观测精度发生变化和存在量测丢失的情况下,该算法的跟踪性能优于已知的航迹融合算法。     

区域导航无人机空中基准站的多源信息融合容错导航系统研究

作为卫星导航系统的补充和备份,区域导航服务系统近年来得到较大发展。在基于无人机的区域导航服务系统中,无人机自身的定位精度对区域导航服务系统的可靠运行有直接的影响。针对无人机导航传感器及系统的容错和可靠性问题,设计了具有针对性和自优化功能的多源信息融合容错导航方案,提出了一种优化的基于矢量分配形式的自适应联邦滤波算法。通过对每个状态量设计不同的信息分配系数,实现传感器量测噪声的动态优化调整,有效减小了传感器故障对融合导航系统的影响,提高了无人机导航系统的鲁棒性。验证分析表明,该方法可以减小子滤波器故障信息对融合导航系统联邦滤波全局估计的影响,避免了故障子滤波器在信息重置过程中对系统造成的污染,提高和保障了无人机空中基准站多源信息融合导航系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

多传感器融合技术在镁合金激光焊接质量检测中的应用

将多传感器融合技术应用于镁合金激光焊接质量检测系统,进行了基于D-S证据理论的检测数据融合,构建了识别框架及基本信度函数,阐述了证据组合与决策规则以及质量测度的概念,并对基本算法进行了描述.试验验证了由多传感器获得的温度信息包含焊缝质量特征,对在焊接过程中焊缝附近几点采集的温度数据进行处理完全可以综合评定焊接质量.     

机载多传感器信息融合试飞技术研究

在简要论述机载多传感器信息融合基本原理和不同传感器工作特性的基础上,提出了机载多传感器信息融合的试飞思路、试飞设计原则以及最终试飞结果的评价方法,并在实际的飞行试验中得到了应用。试飞结果表明:利用试飞方法能够充分验证机载多传感器信息融合系统的功能、性能,而且对于同类航空电子系统多传感器信息融合的飞行验证具有借鉴意义。     

Efficient multisensor fusion using multidimensional dataassociation

We present the development of a multisensor fusion algorithm using multidimensional data association for multitarget tracking. The work is motivated by a large scale surveillance problem, where observations from multiple asynchronous sensors with time-varying sampling intervals (electronically scanned array (ESA) radars) are used for centralized fusion. The combination of multisensor fusion with multidimensional assignment is done so as to maximize the “time-depth” in addition to “sensor-width” for the number S of lists handled by the assignment algorithm. The standard procedure, which associates measurements from the most recently arrived S-1 frames to established tracks, can have, in the case of S sensors, a time-depth of zero. A new technique, which guarantees maximum effectiveness for an S-dimensional data association (S⩾3), i.e., maximum time-depth (S-1) for each sensor without sacrificing the fusion across sensors, is presented. Using a sliding window technique (of length S), the estimates are updated after each frame of measurements. The algorithm provides a systematic approach to automatic track formation, maintenance, and termination for multitarget tracking using multisensor fusion with multidimensional assignment for data association. Estimation results are presented for simulated data for a large scale air-to-ground target tracking problem     

Comparison of two measurement fusion methods forKalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion

Currently there exist two commonly used measurement fusion methods for Kalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion. The first (Method I) simply merges the multisensor data through the observation vector of the Kalman filter, whereas the second (Method II) combines the multisensor data based on a minimum-mean-square-error criterion. This paper, based on an analysis of the fused state estimate covariances of the two measurement fusion methods, shows that the two measurement fusion methods are functionally equivalent if the sensors used for data fusion, with different and independent noise characteristics, have identical measurement matrices. Also presented are simulation results on state estimation using the two measurement fusion methods, followed by the analysis of the computational advantages of each method     

Expert Systems in the Fighter of the 1990s

In the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) to be deployed in the 1990s, the role of expert systems will enhance mission success. This paper discusses the utilization of two expert systems for handling multisensor data fusion and situation assessment. In multisensor data fusion, each sensor operates over a different region of the surveillance volume asynchronously and provides different measurements. In some instances, more than one sensor may yield the same measurement but with a different measurement accuracy. In this regard, the paper describes, in layman's terms, a system block diagram for processing the autonomous sensor track files and the possible need for a ``smart' fusion processor. This expert system is shown to manage the sensor outputs in both the temporal and spatial domains to maximize target identification confidence as well as kinematic state vector accuracy. The paper delineates the features needed by the fusion expert in order to assign a quality factor to each composite track file entry. A second expert system uses the output from fusion and other mission-related data to formulate the best picture of the surveillance volume at hand. This second expert system will show how historical data and real-time sensor data are merged for purposes of display parameters to the pilot, weapon cueing, countermeasures response management, and feedback to the fusion expert processor for individual sensor communication and data collection direction. The paper concludes with a tabular summary of the subprocesses of which these two expert systems may consist.     

The modeling and estimation of asynchronous multirate multisensor dynamic systems

An asynchronous data fusion problem based on a kind of multirate multisensor dynamic system is studied. The system is observed by multirate sensors independently, with the state model known at the finest scale. Under the assumption that the sampling rates of sensors decrease successively by any positive integers, the discrete dynamic system models are established based on each single sensor and an asynchronous multirate multisensor state fusion estimation algorithm is presented. Theoretically, the estimate is proven to be unbiased and the optimal in the sense of linear minimum covariance, the fused estimate is better than the Kalman filtering results based on each single sensor, and the accuracy of the fused estimate will decrease if any of the sensors' information is neglected. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are shown through simulations.     

Self-Tuning Multisensor Weighted Measurement Fusion Kalman Filter

For the multisensor systems with unknown noise variances, based on the solution of the matrix equations for the correlation function, the on-line estimators of the noise variance matrices are obtained, whose consistency is proved using the ergodicity of sampled correlation function. Further, two self-tuning weighted measurement fusion Kalman filters are presented for the multisensor systems with identical and different measurement matrices, respectively. Based on the stability of the dynamic error system, a new convergence analysis tool is presented for a self-tuning fuser, which is called the dynamic error system analysis (DESA) method. A new concept of convergence in a realization is presented, which is weaker than the convergence with probability one. It is rigorously proved that the proposed self-tuning Kalman fusers converge to the steady-state optimal Kalman fusers in a realization or with probability one, so that they have asymptotic global optimality. A simulation example for a target tracking system with 3 sensors shows their effectiveness.     

飞机结构腐蚀控制设计数据库研究

 介绍了飞机结构腐蚀控制设计数据库的设计目标和要求、数据库结构和数据组成。该数据库科学系统地积累了飞机结构腐蚀控制设计所需的各类知识和数据,包括环境、材料—环境腐蚀特性、表面防护系统、密封技术、飞机结构腐蚀类型及形态和腐蚀控制标准体系等基础数据以及飞机结构腐蚀实例和飞机结构腐蚀控制设计数据,有多种查询、检索、统计、报表、维护和打印等功能。在 Win98环境下,利用 VB6.0开发了数据库的程序系统,并为专家系统和几种大型飞机结构设计与分析软件设计了接口,可进行数据修改和扩充。     

Voting fusion adaptation for landmine detection

This paper presents a voting fusion application for use with a remotely controlled multisensor vehicle platform for antitank landmine detection. Data from three landmine detection sensors mounted at the front of the vehicle enhance the probability of detection and, when combined via data fusion, limit the false alarm density to practical levels. The performance of the voting fusion scheme presented in this paper is contrasted with a heuristic data fusion approach developed by General Dynamics Canada.     

STUDY ON ALGORITHM OF SENSOR MANAGEMENT BASED ON FUNCTIONS OF EFFICIENCY AND WASTE

The sensor management system is a subsys-tem of a multisensor data fusion system,and itspurpose is to satisfy requests of multitarget andscanned space by using the limited sensor resourcesin order to gain optimal measurement values of allspecified characteristics ( detection and captureprobability,emission power of sensor,trackingprecision or target losing probability and so on) .By the optimal principle listed above,sensor re-sources are distributed in science and reason.In aword,itis a key p…     

基于数据融合树的C3I信息融合系统体系结构设计

 在分析了基于范例的体系结构-数据融合树的基本概念及其不足之处的基础上,提出了基于数据融合树的信息融合系统体系结构设计方法,论述了该方法的原理,并应用该方法进行了C³I信息融合系统的体系结构设计,包括数据融合树的设计、融合节点体系结构设计、处理系统的体系结构设计和并行处理结构设计。