某型飞机液压柱塞泵柱塞磨损失效分析

根据某型飞机液压柱塞泵因柱塞密封失效引起柱塞泵异常磨损的现象,对磨损柱塞进行宏观观察、微观形貌扫描及金相分析,得出柱塞滑靴端面双金属扩散焊缺陷,滑靴端面铜层在正常工作状态下剥落,引发柱塞受到轴向应力作用后失效。针对滑靴双金属扩散焊铜层剥落部分加剧滑靴端面及转子端面磨损异常等问题,进行分析给出柱塞泵修理中无损检测方法的改进及异常磨损的预防措施,为柱塞泵的修理和故障预防提供参考。     

航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴静压润滑油膜计算分析

滑靴与斜盘是一对重要的摩擦副,滑靴与斜盘之间的油膜润滑性能对燃油柱塞泵的使用寿命有很大影响.通过数值计算,得到了排油区滑靴油膜厚度与转子转角、斜盘倾角、油池压力、柱塞压紧力之间的变化规律,建立油膜厚度变化的微分方程,给出在吸、排油一个周期内,滑靴油膜厚度的动态变化规律.利用油膜计算方法,可以分析滑靴运动一周,滑靴与斜盘间的油膜润滑状态,从而为合理设计航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴与斜盘摩擦副提供理论依据.      

织构化配流副摩擦磨损性能试验

为改善轴向柱塞泵配流副的摩擦磨损性能,采用光刻-电解工艺,对配流副进行织构化,在配流副摩擦磨损试验机上进行试验研究.结果表明:织构化配流副能够有效减小摩擦因数,平均磨损截面面积和表面粗糙度的变化值都小于无织构配流副,不同于无织构配流副形成了比较严重的黏着磨损,微凹坑直径为100~300μm时磨损相对更小,配流副只产生磨粒磨损,此时平均磨损截面面积为无织构配流副试件的4.54%~7.14%.摩擦因数和平均磨损截面面积间有着良好的相关性.     

基于CFD内流耦合仿真的燃油柱塞泵滑靴副动态润滑特性研究

针对航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴副自适应油膜的动态润滑问题,基于牛顿拉夫逊方法,建立了考虑滑靴副油膜支承作用与其动力学状态动态耦合关系的滑靴副润滑计算模型。在此基础上,计入前级部件内流作用对油膜特性的影响,通过CFD内流分析和Reynolds润滑模型相结合的仿真方法,对航空柱塞泵滑靴副及其前级部件进行了一体式联合仿真研究。研究结果表明:仿真与试验结果的误差保持在4.3%以内,CFD仿真方法可以实现对滑靴副前级部件内流场的准确模拟;转速从4kr/min增至5kr/min时,膜厚的最大倾覆值减小至原数值的27.15%,并且低压区滑靴厚度变化率的增大率最大可达62.02%;而出口压力增大率为66.7%时,引起全周期内膜厚变化率波动幅度不同程度的增大;在转动周期内,滑靴的自适应润滑效果通过油膜厚度场和压力场的耦合变化形成自适应动压支承效应来实现。     

基于满意PID控制的MCMS10试验机电控系统研究

为揭示高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦磨损性能,需提供1台高精度、高性能以及主轴转速恒定可靠的滑靴副摩擦磨损试验机。但在测试滑靴副时,试验机主轴的速度调控和位移的精确控制非常难以把握。当试验机主轴转速在3 000 r/min的基础上升高时,试验机油温急剧升高,会对滑靴副性能测试的精度产生极大的影响。针对MCMS10试验机的电控系统,设计出硬件图,采用满意PID算法控制其主轴转速和位移两个参数。最后通过组态软件设计实时监控画面并开展试验分析。结果表明:将满意PID算法运用到MCMS10试验机电控系统中,不但精度非常高,而且在主轴转速约为3 200 r/min时,油温始终保持在65 ℃左右。     

燃油柱塞泵滑靴副和配流副油膜计算研究

通过分析航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴副及配流副间油液的流动特点,综合考虑挤压效应,热楔效应对油膜厚度的影响,得到满足滑靴副及配流副油膜变化的统一微分方程,通过求解方程,可计算得到滑靴副和配流副油膜厚度在柱塞旋转一周内的变化规律,弥补传统静压支承油膜计算方法的不足.      

燃油柱塞泵性能试验台测试结果稳健性影响因素分析

为了保证航空发动机燃油柱塞泵性能试验台测试结果的稳健性,以便准确测试燃油柱塞泵的性能状态,基于燃油柱塞 泵液压原理,建立了其数学模型,并结合其性能试验台的液压原理,确定了影响测试结果稳健性的5种主要因素分别为柱塞泵入 口压力、控制油压力、出口压力、排油压力及燃油温度。基于燃油柱塞泵的主要测试性能,研究了5种因素对燃油柱塞泵性能测试 结果的影响。结果表明：在进行燃油柱塞泵性能测试时,泵出口调压阀的压力控制稳定性、排油压力以及燃油温度都会对测试结 果产生较大的影响;在性能测试给定的公差范围内,柱塞泵入口压力和控制油压力的波动对性能测试结果影响极小。在进行燃油 柱塞泵性能测试时应重点关注出口压力、排油压力及燃油温度,以提高测试结果的稳健性。     

航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴油膜的多目标优化设计

以锥形转子球面斜盘轴向燃油柱塞泵为研究对象,在分析滑靴油膜设计中的摩擦功率损失、泄漏功率损失、容积效率随滑靴的机械结构参数变化的基础上,基于遗传算法对上述多变量、多目标优化问题进行计算.权重系数法优化结果表明:优化后燃油柱塞泵设计点的摩擦功率损失和泄漏功率损失减少了7%左右,容积效率略微提升,并且优化得到的机械结构参数在不同转子转角和柱塞倾角的情况下也显示出性能上的优势,从而证明了多目标遗传算法对设计航空燃油柱塞泵油膜静压润滑是一种有效的方法.     

磨粒磨损对砂带磨削TC17表面完整性的影响研究

砂带磨粒磨损直接影响磨削表面质量进而影响构件综合服役性能.以表面完整性为评估指标,对砂带磨损前后钛合金的表面加工质量进行了试验研究,揭示了砂带磨粒磨损对磨削TC17表面粗糙度、残余应力和表面硬度的影响规律及机制.结果表明,磨粒磨损后由于高度均匀化、单位面积切削磨粒数增加、磨削深度减小,使得表面粗糙度减小、纹理均匀细腻,...     

轴向柱塞泵多学科融合建模与集成优化

为了实现机液耦合条件下轴向柱塞泵的精确建模和优化设计,提出了轴向柱塞泵多学科融合建模与集成优化方法。以国产I3V2-10S型轴向柱塞泵为对象,分别建立了ADAMS机械系统模型和AMESIM液压系统模型,通过ADAMS和AMESIM之间的接口模块设计实现了柱塞泵机液耦合建模和联合仿真,并利用iSIGHT软件集成了该机液耦合模型,以该柱塞泵出口体积流量脉动率最小为目标,对配流副中吸排油节流口最大开口等效直径、吸排油闭死角、柱塞包角、吸排油预开口量等参数进行了优化设计。结果表明:在负载工况分别为10、14、18、22、26、30MPa时,优化后的泵出口流量脉动率比优化前分别降低了14.59%、18.57%、21.50%、23.44%、24.03%、25.49%,最后通过实验验证了仿真和集成优化数据的正确性。      

Variable load failure mechanism for high-speed load sensing electro-hydrostatic actuator pump of aircraft

This paper presents a novel transient lubrication model for the analysis of the variable load failure mechanism of high-speed pump used in Load Sensing Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LS-EHA). Focusing on the slipper/swashplate pair partial abrasion, which is considered as the dominant failure mode in the high-speed condition, slipper dynamic models are established. A forth sliding motion of the slipper on the swashplate surface is presented under the fact that the slipper center of mass will rotate around the center of piston ball when the swashplate angle is dynamically adjusted. Besides, extra inertial tilting moments will be produced for the slipper based on the theorem on translation of force, which will increase rapidly when LS-EHA pump operates under high-speed condition. Then, a dynamic lubricating model coupling with fluid film thickness field, temperature field and pressure field is proposed. The deformation effects caused by thermal deflection and hydrostatic pressure are considered. A numerical simulation model is established to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, based on the load spectrum of aircraft flight profile, the variable load conditions and the oil film characteristics are analyzed, and series of variable load rules of oil film thickness with variable speed/variable pressure/variable displacement are concluded.     

Coupled evolution of piston asperity and cylinder bore contour of piston/cylinder pair in axial piston pump

The wear condition of the piston/cylinder pair is crucial to the performance and reliability of the axial piston pump. The hard piston surface, the soft cylinder bore surface, and the interface oil film affects each other during the wear process. Specifically, in the mixed lubrication region, the geometry of the hard piston surface asperity directly affects the wear of soft cylinder bore surface, while the asperities may deform or even degrade when penetrating and sliding against the cylinder bore. So far, there is no suitable method to simulate their coupled evolution. This paper proposed a wear process simulation model considering the real-time interaction between the elasto-plastic deformation of the piston surface asperity, the wear contour of the cylinder bore, and the lubrication condition of the interface. An offline library of the elasto-plastic constitutive behavior of the asperity based on the finite element method (FEM) is established as a part of the simulation model to precisely analyze the deformation and degradation of the asperity and quickly invoke them in the numerical wear process simulation. The simulation and experimental results show that the piston asperity and the cylinder bore contour converge to a steady state after running-in for about 0.5 h. The distribution of the simulated asperity degradation and wear depth is also verified by the experiment.     

离子注入抑制摩擦温升的研究

 离子注入抑制摩擦表面的温升,是减少粘着磨损、提高摩擦副耐磨性的新途径。本文采用离子注入技术抑制航空柱塞泵配流副试件摩擦表面的温升,获得显著的效果。当逐级改变负载时,离子注入试件摩擦表面的温度平均下降３５℃；当逐级改变润滑油流率时,试件表面温度平均下降４６℃。并初步探讨了离子注入抑制摩擦温升的机理。     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题。针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明,3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料在砂轮磨损和表面粗糙度方面未表现出明显差异,而通过对磨削力和磨削温度的综合评价发现粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮的磨削性能更优。3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料的磨削比在0.5~3之间。在正常磨削条件下,3种砂轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra小于0.4μm。同时发现,砂轮磨损(主要包括磨粒的破碎和脱落)是造成磨削表面缺陷形成的重要原因。     

Remaining useful life prediction based on the Wiener process for an aviation axial piston pump

An aviation hydraulic axial piston pump’s degradation from comprehensive wear is a typical gradual failure model. Accurate wear prediction is difficult as random and uncertain char-acteristics must be factored into the estimation. The internal wear status of the axial piston pump is characterized by the return oil flow based on fault mechanism analysis of the main frictional pairs in the pump. The performance degradation model is described by the Wiener process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is performed by utilizing the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the initial parameters of the Wiener process while recursive estimation is conducted utilizing the Kalman filter method to estimate the drift coefficient of the Wiener process. The RUL of the pump is then calculated accord-ing to the performance degradation model based on the Wiener process. Experimental results indi-cate that the return oil flow is a suitable characteristic for reflecting the internal wear status of the axial piston pump, and thus the Wiener process-based method may effectively predicate the RUL of the pump.     

风冷航空发动机的活塞形状恢复研究

对高空环境下的风冷发动机活塞的散热及变形进行了研究,针对高空环境下的活塞温度难以测量的问题,采用接触对、接触热阻的方法对有限元耦合模型进行温度场分析,对温度载荷和燃气压力载荷共同作用下的活塞变形进行研究.对于设计良好的活塞,机械载荷下的变形能够有效补偿热变形对活塞形状的影响,实现活塞的形状恢复,分析了环境、结构因素对活塞散热及多场变形的影响规律,为设计和优化高空环境下的活塞提供依据.