头盔伺服系统的主动柔顺控制

 对头盔伺服系统(HMDPM)主动柔顺控制策略的主要内容——轨迹规划和控制方法进行了研究。首先,采用基于力反馈和滑动杆动力学模型的头部运动预测法进行轨迹规划,该方法利用并联机构(PM)分支杆长与运动平台位姿间的映射关系,通过力反馈信息和6-3UPS并联机构滑动杆动力学模型对头部运动进行预测,为头盔伺服系统的位置控制提供期望轨迹;然后,基于头盔伺服系统的动力学模型对系统的惯性项和非线性项进行了计算,设计了惯性项和非线性项补偿控制器,在进行头部运动跟踪的同时,实现了头盔显示器与头部间接触力的控制;最后,采用SimMechanics模块建立了HMDPM—人交互模型,并进行了相关验证实验。仿真结果表明,基于力反馈和滑动副滑动杆动力学模型的头部运动预测法能实时地、较为准确地预测出头部运动位置;基于动力学模型的惯性和非线性项补偿控制器不仅可以较为准确地跟踪头部运动,而且还能有效地减小头盔显示器与头部间的接触力,降低执行机构的刚度、减少系统摩擦力等非线性因素对使用者的干扰。     

陀螺稳定平台视轴稳定系统自适应模糊PID控制

 在运动载体上的光电跟踪系统中，需要采用建立在陀螺稳定平台上的视轴稳定控制。分析了平台结构和惯性稳定隔离原理。针对系统机械谐振、力矩耦合及电气参数波动等非线性不确定因素的影响，设计了复合自适应模糊PID控制器。引入自适应调整因子进行控制规则和参数的在线修正，采用复合控制克服模糊控制固有的盲区，实现无差调节。在光电跟踪转台上的实验结果显示该方法能够有效地隔离载体扰动，减小扰动造成的误差，保证视轴对目标的准确瞄准，具有快速的动态响应和较强的抗干扰性。     

惯性参数不确定的自由漂浮空间机器人自适应控制研究

针对自由漂浮空间机器人系统惯性参数不确定问题,提出一种笛卡儿空间内的自适应轨迹跟踪控制方法。采用扩展机械臂模型建立了自由漂浮空间机器人关节空间动力学方程,进而推导笛卡儿空间中的自由漂浮空间机器人动力学方程。在基于逆动力学法的自由漂浮空间机器人自适应控制器设计中,利用标称控制器离线固定控制参数与补偿控制器在线补偿方法,既可以保证惯量矩阵可逆,又可以使控制参数实时估计。采用Lyapunov方法的稳定性分析表明系统是稳定且渐进收敛的。最后,应用该控制方法对两杆平面自由漂浮空间机器人进行了仿真研究。仿真结果显示自由漂浮空间机器人末端执行器在笛卡儿空间具有良好的轨迹跟踪能力。     

卫星光通信APT控制系统H∞设计

 捕获瞄准跟踪(APT)控制系统的设计是影响整个星间光通信系统性能的重要因素。利用指向偏差的概率分布阐述了卫星光通信过程中捕获概率、跟踪误差及误码率受卫星平台振动和终端装置参数摄动的影响,通过功率谱分析了卫星平台振动在低频段、对象不确定性在高频段对指向偏差的影响,并对其进行了模型化分析。采用H_∞控制混合灵敏度设计方法同时抑制干扰和处理受控对象不确定性问题进行控制器设计。仿真验证表明该方法得到的控制器对平台干扰具有抑制力,对对象摄动具有鲁棒性。     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪鲁棒控制

针对四旋翼无人机提出了一种基于干扰观测器的轨迹跟踪鲁棒控制算法。在外界气流干扰和内部模型参数不确定性的影响下,保证空间位置和偏航角可以快速平滑地跟踪参考信号。对于位置子系统,设计了自适应更新算法,对质量不确定性和气动干扰力进行抑制。设计了一个新颖的非线性干扰观测器,对未知气动干扰力矩进行观测。通过在控制输入中加入干扰力矩的观测值,保证姿态子系统能够以指数收敛速率跟踪中间指令信号。利用Lyapunov理论,证明了整个闭环系统全局渐近稳定。仿真结果表明,该控制器简单有效,对外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,同时对负载不确定性也具有自适应能力。     

固定翼无人机紧密编队的鲁棒协同跟踪控制

固定翼无人机（UAV）具有典型的欠驱动、非线性等特点,导致航点自主跟踪设计难度大,同时紧密编队飞行过程中无人机之间运动耦合与气动干扰明显,进一步增加了高性能控制设计难度。为此,本文针对固定翼无人机紧密编队飞行的航点自主跟踪问题,综合考虑轨迹平滑性、运动协同性和跟踪鲁棒性等需求,依托全驱系统建模方法提出了一种多层次鲁棒协同跟踪控制架构。该架构包括上层运动规划、中层协同滤波及底层鲁棒协同跟踪控制3个核心部分。上层运动规划根据离散航点指令,融合虚拟结构法和迭代线性二次型优化,实时生成可行、平滑的运动轨迹。在此基础上,为改善跟踪控制的瞬态性能,引入分布式协同滤波思想,对规划轨迹进行滤波处理,生成每架无人机个体的参考信号。最后,考虑到紧密编队中气动耦合与系统不确定性等挑战,设计了一种基于不确定性及干扰观测器的鲁棒协同跟踪控制方法,实现了编队轨迹的精确跟踪以及队形的可靠保持。所提出的鲁棒协同跟踪控制架构考虑了紧密编队飞行中的多种约束与挑战,实现了编队运动规划与跟踪控制的综合设计,可以有效提升系统自主性、协同性和鲁棒性。最后,通过5架固定翼无人机的紧密编队飞行仿真对所提方法进行综合测试,验证了方法的...     

近空间可变翼飞行器小翼切换滑模反步控制

针对近空间可变翼飞行器在小翼切换过程中存在参数不确定性的问题,设计了滑模控制和反步法相结合的控制方法以保证飞行器的跟踪性能。首先研究了近空间可变翼飞行器的纵向运动模型,在此基础上设计了速度和高度的反步控制器,同时采用动态面控制方法消除微分膨胀问题,然后结合滑模控制以增强控制器的跟踪性能,最后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,在参数不确定性时滑模反步控制器能保证系统的稳定性和跟踪性能。     

空间非合作航天器抓捕后姿态抗干扰控制

针对空间非合作航天器抓捕后存在未知不确定惯性参数的柔性组合体姿态稳定控制问题,基于中间状态观测器设计方法提出了一种新的姿态稳定抗干扰控制方法,同时考虑了诸多扰动及控制输入受限问题。研究结果表明,传统的姿态稳定控制方法需要已知柔性航天器惯性参数信息及状态信息,上述信息未知情况下会使姿态难以高精度稳定控制,且容易导致控制输入不满足受限要求。针对该问题,考虑控制输入幅值及变化率受限前提,提出了一种基于中间状态观测器的抗干扰控制方法,通过引入辅助变量构造新型中间状态观测器,同时估计组合体状态信息及综合干扰,设计出了一种新的组合体姿态稳定抗干扰控制器。通过Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相比于已有的混合H₂/H_∞控制器,所提出的抗干扰控制器在应用时不需要柔性组合体的姿态及模态信息,并且也不需要惯性参数的辨识过程。最后,通过给定参数进行仿真对比,进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

一种近空间高超声速飞行器滚转稳定性研究

研究近空间高升阻比构型高超声速飞行器面临的复杂稳定性问题,对其机动飞行安全和操控具有重要意义。为此,通过静、动态风洞试验和数值模拟,开展了类HTV-2飞行器布局典型马赫数和迎角下,滚转方向静稳定性、单自由度和两自由度俯仰/滚转耦合运动动稳定性研究。结果表明：飞行器滚转方向为静稳定;自由振动的滚转单自由度运动为衰减振动曲线,动导数为负值,表现为动稳定;强迫俯仰/自由滚转两自由度耦合运动情况下,由于惯性力矩和非对称滚转力矩共同作用,导致滚转出现振幅周期性变化的极限环运动,甚至失稳发散。     

μ理论在柔顺力控制中的应用

研究μ理论在柔顺力控制系统中的应用.为模拟空间对接强制校正阶段的推出和拉近过程,提出基于6自由度并联机器人位置内环的柔顺力控制策略.综合考虑参数变化、模型变动和外来干扰等不确定性,利用μ综合控制理论设计鲁棒力控制器.通过μ分析比较鲁棒力控制器和经典力控制器的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能.给出鲁棒力控制器和经典力控制器的实验结果,表明所设计鲁棒力控制器的有效性和优越性.     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

喷嘴为执行机构的空间飞行器基于误差四元数的非线性姿态跟踪控制

研究带喷嘴空间飞行器在姿态跟踪机动时的多轴耦合非线性姿态控制问题。姿态运动学和动力学用误差四元数描述。通过线性变换将误差四元数动力学方程转换成 4个摄动双积分系统 ,并基于此摄动双积分系统设计了开关控制器。由误差四元数及其导数构成的抛物型开关函数决定了控制器中的逻辑。文章考虑了最短的姿态捕获路径、外部干扰抑制、和不确定参数补偿问题。控制器允许力矩矩阵为非对称 ,从而使喷气执行机构的安装有更好的灵活性。由于不需要目标的加速度反馈 ,控制器可用于对机动目标的跟踪。用相平面方法分析了闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性。仿真结果验证了控制方案的可行性     

基于自适应不对称高斯基函数网络的可靠飞行跟踪控制

针对歼击机操纵面结构故障,提出了一种基于自适应不对称高斯基函数网络（AGBFN）的可靠跟踪控制方案。该方案的特点是在传统的线性控制器的基础上,引入基于自适应AGBFN的自适应控制器,用于在线补偿由于建模误差、外扰、以及操纵面卡死或损伤所造成的影响,并且采用控制隔离技术来处理执行机构的饱和问题。完全自适应AGBFN采用不对称高斯基函数,并且可以在线更新网络所有参数,克服了传统RBF网络对称性约束,提高了网络的适应性和学习能力,从而保证歼击机的操纵品质,且输出较好地跟踪参考模型输出。飞行仿真结果表明,文中采用的控制方法使飞机在正常状态和故障状态下均可获得满意的控制效果。     

Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

Reduction of Radar Tracking Errors with Frequency Agility

Frequency agility with random frequency in each pulse gives an improvement in radar angle tracking with a monopulse radar. With a conical-scan tracking radar, the glint error is reduced but fading error can be increased, and the net result must be studied in each case. A theory, usable for calculating angle tracking errors with a frequency agile radar, is given, and two examples showing the error reduction are presented. According to the theory, one part of the glint or fading spectra is ``smeared out' to half the pulse repetition frequency. Another part, the size of which depends on the degree of correlation between pulses, keeps the form of the original spectrum.     

Fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile

This paper addresses the fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile associated with large speed ranges, mismatched disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. Firstly, a sliding mode surface is developed by the tracking error of the state equation and the model reference state equation with respect to the air-to-ground missile. More specifically,a novel fixed-time adaptive reaching law is presented. Subsequently, the mismatched disturbances and the un-modeled dynamics are treated as the model errors of the state equation. These model errors are estimated by means of a fixed-time disturbance observer, and they are also utilized to compensate the proposed controller. Therefore, the fixed-time controller is obtained by an adaptive reaching law and a fixed-time disturbance observer. Closed-loop stability of the proposed controller is established. Finally, simulation results including Monte Carlo simulations, nonlinear six-DegreeOf-Freedom(6-DOF) simulations and different ranges are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.     

基于预设性能的四旋翼无人机编队安全控制

针对四旋翼无人机编队系统存在模型不确定性、未知外部干扰与内部碰撞等问题,提出一种基于预设性能的安全控制方法。首先使用预设性能函数结合误差转换方法,将防止内部碰撞的不等式约束问题转换为无约束问题。同时针对模型中的不确定项,使用神经网络进行逼近;针对神经网络逼近误差与未知外部干扰组成的复合干扰,使用非线性干扰观测器进行估计,并分别设计位置与姿态子系统控制器,避免了编队内四旋翼无人机的碰撞。然后借助Lyapunov方法证明了闭环系统所有信号的收敛性。最后通过数值仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

Compound Control for Hydraulic Flight Motion Simulator

The design of a compound control is presented for the servo system of hydraulic flight motion simulator, which suffers from highly nonlinear dynamics, large parameter time-variation and severe load coupling among channels. The compound control is composed of a robust feedback controller and a feedforward compensator. The design aim is to achieve high tracking performance even in the presence of considerable uncertainty, external disturbance and load coupling among channels. Toward this aim the feedback controller for rejecting perturbation and disturbance is designed by using μ synthesis optimization technique and the feedforward compensator for compensating time lag of dynamic system is established based on the basic idea of zero phase error tracking. To validate the proposed control strategy, simulations and experiments are implemented, and show that the resulting system is highly robust against model perturbation and possesses excellent capability of suppressing the load coupling and improving the tracking performance.     

Two freedom linear parameter varying μ synthesis control for flight environment testbed

To solve the problem of robust servo performance of Flight Environment Testbed(FET)of Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF) over the whole operational envelope, a two-degree-offreedom μ synthesis method based on Linear Parameter Varying(LPV) schematic is proposed, and meanwhile a new structure frame of μ synthesis control on two degrees of freedom with double integral and weighting functions is presented, which constitutes a core support part of the paper. Aimed at the problem of reference command's rapid change, one freedom feed forward is adopted, while another freedom output feedback is used to meet good servo tracking as well as disturbance and noise rejection; furthermore, to overcome the overshoot problem and acquire dynamic tuning,the integral is introduced in inner loop, and another integral controller is used in outer loop in order to guarantee steady errors; additionally, two performance weighting functions are designed to achieve robust specialty and control energy limit considering the uncertainties in system. As the schedule parameters change over large flight envelope, the stability of closed-loop LPV system is proved using Lyapunov inequalities. The simulation results show that the relative tracking errors of temperature and pressure are less than 0.5% with LPV μ synthesis controller. Meanwhile, compared with non-LPV μ synthesis controller in large uncertainty range, the proposed approach in this research can ensure robust servo performance of FET over the whole operational envelope.