A hybrid attitude controller consisting of electromagnetic torque rods and an active fluid ring

In this paper, a novel hybrid actuation system for satellite attitude stabilization is proposed along with its feasibility analysis. The system considered consists of two magnetic torque rods and one fluid ring to produce the control torque required in the direction in which magnetic torque rods cannot produce torque. A mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived first. Then a controller is developed to stabilize the attitude angles of a satellite equipped with the abovementioned set of actuators. The effect of failure of the fluid ring or a magnetic torque rod is examined as well. It is noted that the case of failure of the magnetic torque rod whose torque is along the pitch axis is the most critical, since the coupling between the roll or yaw motion and the pitch motion is quite weak. The simulation results show that the control system proposed is quite fault tolerant.     

小卫星的鲁棒自适应姿态控制

对于中低轨道的小卫星而言，设计能克服参数不确定性及非参数不确定性影响的鲁棒自适应控制器具有重要的工程意义和理论价值。考虑存在参数不确定性及非参数不确定性，分析了小卫星的姿态动力学及运动学方程，设计出了一种鲁棒自适应控制器，证明了该控制器可以保证控制系统全局一致最终有界稳定。仿真结果验证了该控制器的有效性。     

Very large space structures: Non-linear control and robustness to structural uncertainties

Very Large Space Structures (VLSS) are challenging systems to be controlled, due to their high flexibility. In particular, rapid attitude maneuvers can determine great oscillations on the flexible elements of a spacecraft (solar wings, antennas, booms). On account of this, in the last decades many researchers have developed different strategies to effectively damp the elastic vibrations by means of active vibration devices (such as piezo-electric patches) or by means of robust control algorithms. The approach suggested in this paper is different, since neither additional devices nor complex control laws are introduced. In fact, the complete model of the system (including rigid, elastic and orbital dynamics, coupled with control actions) is controlled by the non-linear attitude controller named state dependent Riccati equation, which will be based on a simplified version of the spacecraft model. The task to reduce the mutual interaction between rigid attitude and flexible dynamics is entirely transferred to a modification of the desired trajectory that must be tracked. This command shaping technique is based on the knowledge of the parameters (inertial and elastics) of the VLSS. Unfortunately these parameters are not always exactly known and, however, they may change over the time. On account of this a Monte Carlo analysis has been also performed, showing the robustness of the proposed control strategy to the structural uncertainties. The numerical simulations prove that this strategy, based on the joint application of two well-known yet simple techniques, produces accurate and robust results.     

受细胞膜放电模型启发的航天器姿态鲁棒控制

研究了具有模型参数不确定和受空间环境干扰影响的挠性航天器姿态大角度快速机动快速稳定控制问题,设计了一种受细胞膜放电模型启发的鲁棒姿态控制器。综合考虑挠性航天器的强非线性和强耦合特性,设计了对模型参数和环境干扰具有鲁棒性的姿态机动控制器。为了减小机动中姿态突变激发的挠性附件振动,基于细胞膜放电的动力学模型设计了一种改进的鲁棒控制器。当参数不确定范围和干扰有界时,所提鲁棒控制器可使闭环系统的解最终一致有界。最后,分析了控制器参数对姿态控制性能及所需能量的影响。数值仿真验证了所提鲁棒控制器用于姿态机动控制可以得到良好的效果。     

空间机器人的智能控制器设计

自由漂浮空间机器人动力学方程不能被参数线性化并且存在模型不确定性，使得基于数学模型的控制问题变得十分复杂。本文研究了自由漂浮空间机器人的智能控制方法，提出了一个鲁棒的模糊神经网络控制器。首先利用模糊神经网络控制器来逼近理想控制器，然后利用鲁棒控制器对逼近误差进行估计和抑制。根据Lyapunov函数建立的新的网络学习算法保证了系统的稳定性。最后利用该控制器对平面二连杆空间机器人进行了研究。仿真结果表明该智能控制方案是有效的。     

The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Systems Engineering Effort – A successful exercise in cheaper,faster and (hopefully) better systems engineering

The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) is the latest Space Robot developed by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and McDonald Detwiller Space and Advanced Robotics (MD Robotics, previously Spar Aerospace) for the International Space Station (ISS). The SPDM has presented its designers with a number of new challenges in performing the Systems Engineering effort required for a complex robotic system:(1) The SPDM initial design was started and attained various levels of maturity for various components under the Space Station Freedom environment, then the Program was stopped and finally restarted under the harsher environment in which the International Space Station is being built.(2) The SPDM is the first space robot to utilize previously developed and space certified robotic components, as well as components with high-commonality to the previously developed ones (electronics, S/W).(3) New requirements levied by the Customer during the negotiations leading to the Program re-start necessitated significant architectural changes versus the SPDM configuration `frozen' when the Program was shut down.(4) The SPDM is the first robotic system of this complexity that is being built under a Firm Fixed Price contract, with the commonality assumptions as one of the cost drivers.This combination of components of various pedigree, coupled with the constraints imposed by an FFP contract have been addressed by the designers through the definition of a novel approach to integrated Systems and Design Engineering.     

一种用磁力矩器控制卫星姿态的新方法

本文研究如何用磁力矩器控制极地轨道上对地指向卫星的姿态。由于地磁场的方向在轨道上周期变化，卫星的姿态动力方程是一个线性周期系统。本文采用块能控标准形和滑动模态的设计思想，提出了种开关控制方法，可以保证线性周期系统的稳定性。文中给出一个仿真例子验证了此方法的有效性。     

航天器姿态跟踪系统的非线性鲁棒自适应控制

研究有未知惯量矩阵和干扰力矩的刚体航天器姿态跟踪。对此类多输入多输出、不确定非线性系统,提出了一种非线性鲁棒自适应控制策略,用Lyapunov直接法分析了闭环系统稳定性。理论分析表明,该控制器不仅保证闭环系统一致最终有界稳定,航天器姿态跟踪误差收敛至系统平衡点的一个较小领域,而且使闭环系统对航天器惯量参数有自适应能力,对有界干扰力矩具鲁棒性。仿真结果表明：所设计的非线性鲁棒自适应控制器有效。     

含不确定性的绳系卫星姿态的鲁棒最优控制

针对绳长变化的旋转二体绳系卫星姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种分布式鲁棒最优控制方法。首先针对单体绳系卫星姿态模型,在假设模型精确和不存在干扰的条件下,设计基于HamiltonJacobiBellman方程的最优控制器;进一步考虑到实际系统存在参数不确定性和干扰,采用自适应方法和鲁棒误差积分方法隐式学习参数不确定性和有界干扰,与最优控制器结合设计鲁棒最优控制器,并应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明其闭环系统的渐近稳定性。其次,根据绳系卫星系统的运动同步性,将单体绳系卫星姿态控制器设计扩展至二体绳系卫星系统,设计二体绳系卫星姿态系统的分布式鲁棒最优控制器。最后在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行仿真验证,结果表明了所设计控制器的可行性与有效性。     

大型挠性航天器的鲁棒模型预测姿态控制

针对大型挠性航天器的三轴姿态控制问题,考虑了控制输入约束,设计了鲁棒模型预测姿态控制器。首先,将模型预测控制应用到不考虑扰动的标称挠性航天器系统中,通过求解优化问题推导预测控制律,从而得到三轴姿态的标称轨迹。然后,为有效处理大型挠性附件振动对中心刚体姿态造成的扰动,针对带有扰动的挠性航天器实际姿态控制系统,设计由最优状态与实际系统状态的误差构成的辅助反馈控制器,使实际系统状态维持在以标称轨迹为中心的“管道”(Tube)不变集内,并驱使实际系统状态到达标称轨迹上,最终沿着标称轨迹到达平衡点。仿真结果表明,在鲁棒模型预测控制的作用下,实现了姿态角的快速精确跟踪,有效地处理了由大挠性附件振动对中心刚体姿态产生的扰动,增强了系统的鲁棒性。