基于数字技术的高精度守时系统

高精密时间频率系统是现代化战争中实现精确打击的基础,而守时工作是精密时间频率系统的基础和核心内容。随着卫星定位定时系统的不断发展,利用远程传输的标准时间信号在本地获取高精度的时间成为一种相对便宜而方便的方法。对与标准时间服务相关的时间同步方法及守时技术进行了研究和分析,并结合工程实际设计了一种10^-9量级高精度时间同步和保持系统。测试结果表明,该系统应用效果良好,可广泛应用于通讯、电力、交通和计算机网络时间同步等领域。     

High performance motion control for optical satellite tracking systems

This paper investigates the motion control system of an optical telescope system used for precision satellite tracking and ranging applications. The system uses direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for high precision positioning. To overcome the performance limitations due to system dynamics and position dependent plant variations, a disturbance observer based control system is utilized. This paper contributes the detailed analysis, design and implementation of such an advanced control concept for the performance improvement of precision satellite tracking systems. Satellite tracking experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed system. Utilizing the proposed control concept, the RMS servo error is reduced by a factor of 3.8 to well below the arcsecond range, achieving seeing limited tracking.     

Design of tracking mount and controller for mobile satellite laser ranging system

In this study, we have proposed and implemented a design for the tracking mount and controller of the ARGO-M (Accurate Ranging system for Geodetic Observation - Mobile) which is a mobile satellite laser ranging (SLR) system developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM). The tracking mount comprises a few core components such as bearings, driving motors and encoders. These components were selected as per the technical specifications for the tracking mount of the ARGO-M. A three-dimensional model of the tracking mount was designed. The frequency analysis of the model predicted that the first natural frequency of the designed tracking mount was high enough. The tracking controller is simulated using MATLAB/xPC Target to achieve the required pointing and tracking accuracy. In order to evaluate the system repeatability and tracking accuracy of the tracking mount, a prototype of the ARGO-M was fabricated, and repeatability tests were carried out using a laser interferometer. Tracking tests were conducted using the trajectories of low earth orbit (LEO) and high earth orbit (HEO) satellites. Based on the test results, it was confirmed that the prototype of the tracking mount and controller of the ARGO-M could achieve the required repeatability along with a tracking accuracy of less than 1 arcsec.     

A robotic telescope network for space debris identification and tracking

The two TAROT (Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires; Rapid Action Telescopes for Transient Objects) installations are fully robotic optical observatories with optimized observation scheduling, data processing and archiving. Zadko is a 1 m telescope in Western Australia. The fully robotisation of the Zadko telescope has just been completed; it is now included in the TAROT network. In this paper we provide an overview of this international network of robotic optical telescopes. We discuss the advantages of using the network to participate in a satellite and space debris tracking program. This network will access almost all geostationary belt objects, and provide the first real-time satellite positioning capability. The inclusion of the 1 m Zadko telescope into the network significantly extends the efficiency and sensitivity of the existing two telescope configuration.     

天基通信与太空射电望远镜功能一体系统

摘要： 针对现有地基深空通信系统存在深空通信距离不够远、数传速率不够高等缺点,提出一种基于分布式协同控制的天基主动深空通信与太空射电望远镜功能一体系统.该系统部署在地球静止轨道上,由1颗馈源星、1颗中心星和4294颗小卫星（单元星）通过精密编队和在轨自主组装的方式构成,一体化集成天基主动深空通信功能和射电天文望远镜功能.该系统可以为深空探测器提供一个星地高速中转站,由于其部署在地球静止轨道,几乎不受大气云层影响,可以大幅度提升深空探测通信支持距离和数传速率,且能使射电天文望远镜的分辨率和灵敏度提升1~2个数量级.     

GPS授时校频方法研究与试验结果

为了解决多目标综合测量系统各测站之间时间同步和频率校准问题,提出了利用GPS(Global Positioning System)单星或多星共视方法进行站间时间同步与校频,给出了这两种方法的计算公式,分析了星历误差、星钟误差、电离层折射误差、对流层折射误差、多径效应和接收机硬件延迟对时间同步精度的影响.为了验证GPS授时校频精度,进行了相关试验.通过与铯原子钟比对,表明利用GPS可实现纳秒级时间同步,校频精度也优于5.0×10-11,多星共视具有更高的同步校频精度.      

Utilization of modified spherical coordinates for satellite to satellite bearings-only tracking

A new satellite to satellite passive tracking method using Bearings-Only measurements in Modified Spherical Coordinates (MSC) is proposed. The system dynamics and measurement process are presented in three-dimensional MSC, and then the tracking method is deduced in details based on the Cartesian method. Performance of the new method is validated through computer simulations, which proved that the proposed method is effective in terms of the estimation accuracy and convergence time compared with the Cartesian method no matter the Initial State Errors (ISE) and measurement errors are large or small.      

量子导航定位系统中的捕获和粗跟踪技术

量子导航定位系统需要借助于空间量子卫星信息通信系统来进行信号的捕获、跟踪和对准(acquisition,tracking and pointing,ATP).ATP系统是空间量子卫星信息通信的重要组成部分,涉及到量子通信链路的建立以及中断通信链路的恢复;粗跟踪和精跟踪的相互配合,可以确保通信双方处于通信状态,达到期望的信号跟踪性能.本文详细阐述用于量子导航定位系统的空间量子卫星通信的捕获阶段和粗跟踪的相关技术,重点分析捕获阶段中的初始指向技术、扫描技术、捕获阶段的精度及其性能,以及粗跟踪阶段的精度及其性能指标等关键技术.     

Passepartout Sherpa – A low-cost,reusable transportation system into the stratosphere for small experiments

The Passepartout sounding balloon transportation system for low-mass (<$<$1200 g) experiments or hardware for validation to an altitude of 35 km is described. We present the general flight configuration, set-up of the flight control system, environmental and position sensors, power system, buoyancy considerations as well as the ground control infrastructure including recovery operations. In the telemetry and command module the integrated airborne computer is able to control the experiment, transmit telemetry and environmental data and allows for a duplex communication to a control centre for tele-commanding. The experiment module is mounted below the telemetry and command module and can either work as a standalone system or be controlled by the airborne computer. This spacing between experiment- and control unit allows for a high flexibility in the experiment design. After a parachute landing, the on-board satellite based recovery subsystems allow for a rapid tracking and recovery of the telemetry and command module and the experiment. We discuss flight data and lessons learned from two representative flights with research payloads.     

一种空间目标高精度指向控制方法

针对空间动目标指向任务对卫星提出的高精度控制需求，研究了卫星星体/快反镜二级复合系统的指向控制问题，给出了一种空间运动目标高精度指向控制方法。首先，基于近圆轨道Clohessy Wiltshire方程获得追踪卫星与目标卫星的位置信息；然后，基于扩展Kalman滤波算法进行多信息融合确定追踪卫星姿态参数，并实时解算出追踪卫星载荷光轴与目标卫星的相对姿态，获得跟踪指向所需的方位角和俯仰角；最后，通过星体一级姿态控制和基于快反镜的载荷光轴二级指向控制，实现对目标卫星的快速、高精度指向。仿真结果表明，该方法可以在保证快速性的同时实现动态指向控制误差小于072″。该方法可以实现对空间目标的高精度指向控制，为未来空间中激光通信等航天任务提供技术支持。     

星地无线电双向法时间比对计算模型及其误差评估

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,而定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步。因此,时间同步技术是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键技术基础之一。根据星地无线电双向法时间同步技术的基本原理,详细推导了其在地心惯性系中的基本计算模型,并以静止地球同步轨道卫星为例,分析了该计算模型中的距离改正项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响量级。     

高轨卫星星载计算机优化设计与实现

首先对当前星载计算机系统在高轨卫星领域的应用现状进行了分析，主要涉及处理器最小系统的存储器设计、数据共享及总线协议设计等。针对上述3个方面存在的不足，提出了处理器最小系统存储器优化设计方案，解决了存储器应用与选型的困境；采用“存储器+FPGA电路”的设计方法，实现了主备机数据共享；提出了一种自适应总线协议设计方法，解决了1553B总线协议通用性较差等问题。提出的设计方法，在中国下一代大容量通信卫星平台的星务计算机系统中得以应用，并取得了较好的效果，为星载计算机系统后续优化设计工作提供了新的思路。     

一种集成化的卫星PCM测控与时间同步性能测试系统设计

卫星平台电子系统中遥控、遥测与时间同步性能的优劣关系到卫星安全与实用效能。针对以往平台电子系统对接采用单机自检设备,存在设备零乱、软件系统性较弱的缺点,设计开发了一套集成化的应用于卫星系统级测试的PCM测控与时间同步性能测试系统。系统具备适应不同PCM测控码率与格式要求的能力,可无缝集成功能丰富的综合测试软件,完成测控数据处理,并基于触发时间锁存原理,实现了高精度的卫星时间同步性能测试。     

一种集成化的卫星PCM测控与时间同步性能测试系统设计

卫星平台电子系统中遥控、遥测与时间同步性能的优劣关系到卫星安全与实用效能。针对以往平台电子系统对接采用单机自检设备，存在设备零乱、软件系统性较弱的缺点，设计开发了一套集成化的应用于卫星系统级测试的PCM测控与时间同步性能测试系统。系统具备适应不同PCM测控码率与格式要求的能力，可无缝集成功能丰富的综合测试软件，完成测控数据处理，并基于触发时间锁存原理，实现了高精度的卫星时间同步性能测试。     

卫星精密定轨用三频双向测距测速系统

努力提高跟踪精度多年来一直是跟踪技术中不断探讨和需要研究、解决的问题。文章根据国内外跟踪系统的发展,提供了一种卫星精密定轨用的微波精密跟踪系统的初步方案设想。     

DS/FH混合系统快速同步的研究

对于DS(Direct Sequence)/FH(Frequency Hopping)混合系统,提出了一种快速同步方案.同步包括捕获和跟踪两个阶段,在捕获阶段,利用快速频率识别方法对接收信号频率进行估计,实现混合系统的快速捕获;在跟踪阶段,根据获得的接收信号频率信息,等待在某一个特定的频率,通过直扩信号的捕获、跟踪、解调过程,获取接收信号的跳频同步信息,从而实现混合系统的快速同步.建立了DS/FH混合系统同步过程的数学模型,推导出采用该方案平均捕获时间表达式以及等待搜索同步法平均捕获时间计算公式.在高斯白噪声环境下,仿真结果证明了方案的有效性,在E_c/N₀=-15?dB时,通过合适的门限选取,混合系统的最小平均捕获时间可以缩短为一般常用等待搜索同步法的1/4.     

风云二号卫星 CDAS 编码遥测机的设计

ＦＹ－２气象卫星指令与数据获取站（ＣＤＡＳ）中的编码遥测机作为卫星监测系统,解调卫星的编码遥测信号,实时获取星上编码遥测数据,以便分析和掌握整个卫星的工作情况,对卫星进行正确的管理和使用。解调后的数据也送到运行控制中心（ＳＯＣＣ）。采用双机热备份提高系统的可靠性。给出设计可靠的编码遥测地面系统的方法,包括副载波解调、ＩＲＩＧ－Ｂ型时统码解调、帧同步锁定,用计算机实时分析遥测数据等。     

LEO/MEO双层卫星网络中层间ISL空间参数研究

低地球轨道 /中地球轨道 (LEO/MEO)双层卫星网络是未来卫星移动通信系统重要组成部分 ,而层间卫星星际链路 (ISL)是影响整体双层卫星网络系统性能的重要因素。文章重点分析层间ISL的空间参数几何特性 (包括星间链路长度 ,星间链路指向方位角和仰角 ) ,为星载天线跟踪系统设计和LEO/MEO双层卫星网络最优化路由搜索算法提供依据     

灰色模型在卫星钟差预报中的缺陷分析

卫星钟差预报是时间同步的关键技术之一,方法繁多。针对灰色模型在卫星钟差预报中的应用,以GPS Rb钟钟差预报为实例,从模型构造上分析了该模型在卫星钟差预报中存在的缺陷,有利于该模型的改进和完善。     

Stacked recurrent neural network based high precision pointing coupled control of the spacecraft and telescopes

In some space missions especially in the field of space gravitational wave detection, the telescope needs to point to a certain target through attitude movement and pointing control. In several mainstream gravitational wave detection missions, the detector usually consists of a cluster of three identical satellites, flying in a quasi-equilateral triangular formation with a big edge length, so every satellite needs two telescopes to point each other and constitute three giant Michelson-Type interferometers. Therefore, a satellite platform system with two telescopes is researched in this paper. This research helps to characterize the attitude motion of a telescope for space astronomical observation or space gravitational wave detection, provides new method on the telescope’s high-precision pointing control. For this purpose, we derive a satellite-telescope coupling attitude model, design the sliding mode controller for satellite and the stacked recurrent neural network adaptive controller for telescope. In the stacked recurrent neural network adaptive controller design, a sliding mode control technology is adopted. In addition, we propose a combinatorial optimization method for network weights in the stacked recurrent neural network training process, that is, the output layer is corrected by the adaptive law, and the correction of other layers adopt the error backpropagation method. Finally, a numerical simulation method verifies the effectiveness of the controller design.