等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的实验

为揭示等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的作用机理及影响因素,对静止空气条件下的诱导气流速度进行了测量.实验结果表明:等离子体气动激励启动瞬间形成启动涡,随即旋涡向下游运动并最终演化为近壁面射流;激励电压增大时,诱导气流速度增大,近壁面射流的射程增加;激励频率增大时,诱导气流速度变化不明显;多组电极激励器诱导的气流速度周期性地先增大后减小,并且诱导气流加速的效果沿流向方向逐渐减弱.      

不同类型多级等离子体激励器诱导气流的力学特性研究

等离子体激励器通过产生的等离子加速气流,可以实现对流动的控制。单级等离子体激励器由于受到等离子体放电的物理限制,其控制作用较小;为了提高等离子体流动控制的效果,关于多级等离子体激励器的研究得到发展。采用图像采集和粒子示踪测速系统(PIV),对传统多级等离子体激励器和多级双极性等离子体激励器的放电现象以及气流加速进行研究,并通过流场速度分布计算等离子体激励器对空气产生的推力和吸力。结果表明:随着电压的升高,传统多级等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力会逐渐减弱;而多级双极性等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力均呈逐渐增强的趋势。     

不同结构等离子体激励器的流场特性实验研究

采用粒子成像测速(PIV)技术,在静止空气中测量了H型、O型和L型3种结构的介质阻挡等离子体激励器的诱导速度场,分析了流场结构,并研究了激励器设计参数对诱导速度的影响.研究结果表明,3种结构的激励器都产生了离开激励器表面向上的射流.其中O型和L型结构的激励器受电极电压的影响比较明显,随着电极电压的增加,射流速度的最大值...     

地面试验模拟高空等离子体流动控制效果

提出了一种利用地面试验研究不同海拔高度等离子体流动控制性能的方法,该方法基于等离子体诱导射流雷诺相似原则,首先通过测量不同气压下静止空气中等离子体诱导射流的雷诺数,确定地面模拟等离子体激励器的结构和激励参数,然后将该激励器用于风洞试验,最后根据风洞试验结果评估等离子体在不同海拔高度处的流动控制效果。利用该方法研究了等离子体控制临近空间S1223翼型,结果表明相同工作条件下等离子体诱导射流最大速度随着海拔高度增加而增大,但射流雷诺数逐渐降低;高海拔低气压下除了切向壁面射流,等离子体在激励器上方诱导出一个高速向下的法向射流;采用雷诺相似等离子体激励器控制雷诺数为7.1×104的S1223翼型表面流动,攻角为6°~20°时升力系数增大27%~43%,表明采用等离子体流动控制技术后临近空间飞行器的升力特性可得到显著提升。     

低速翼型分离流动的等离子体主动控制研究

为了研究等离子体激励器的放电形式及其诱导气流的规律,以及翼型迎角、自由来流速度分别对翼型流动分离抑制效果的影响。在低速、低雷诺数条件下利用介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器对NACA0015翼型进行了主动流动控制研究。结果表明：介质阻挡放电的形式为丝状放电;等离子体激励器诱导气流的方向由裸露电极指向覆盖电极,由电极的布置方式决定,与接线方式无关;当来流速度为25m／s,雷诺数为2．03×10^5时,等离子体气动激励可以有效地抑制翼型吸力面的流动分离,翼型最大升力系数增大约为9．7％,翼型l临界失速迎角由17．5°增大到20．5°;翼型失速延迟的真正原因并非单纯的气流加速;等离子体激励器的作用效果随着来流速度的提高而减弱,研究非定常激励或等离子体激励器与流场之间的耦合效应,也许更加具有潜力。     

激励器结构对三电极等离子体高能合成射流流场及其冲量特性的影响

等离子体激励器以其结构简单、响应速度快、环境适应性强等优势,已成为主动流动控制技术和流体力学研究的前沿与热点。相比于传统两电极激励器,三电极等离子体高能合成射流激励器具有更高的能量效率,形成射流冲量更大,有望成为新型快响应直接力产生装置。为揭示激励器结构对射流流场和冲量特性的影响规律,进而优化激励器结构参数,利用电参数测量装置、高速阴影系统及自主设计的单丝扭摆式微冲量测量系统对不同射流孔径、腔体体积和电极间距的三电极激励器放电特性、射流流场及其冲量进行了实验研究。为对比激励器在不同工况条件下的工作特性,定义无量纲能量沉积ε和无量纲射流冲量 I *,并分析了激励器结构参数对ε和 I *的影响。结果表明对于给定无量纲能量沉积ε,激励器存在最优射流孔径;激励器无量纲能量沉积ε和无量纲射流冲量I *随腔体体积增加而减小,随激励器电极间距增加而增加;射流强度及其流场影响区域随腔体体积增加而减小,随激励器电极间距增加而增加。对比不同腔体体积和电极间距工况条件下 I *随ε的变化可知,为设计具有较好射流冲量水平的激励器,在相同无量纲能量沉积ε条件下,应尽量增大激励器无量纲射流冲量 I *。当设计激励器无量纲能量沉积ε小于初始工况时,应增大初始工况激励器腔体体积使无量纲能量沉积ε降低至设计值;当设计激励器无量纲能量沉积ε大于初始工况时,应增大初始工况激励器电极间距使无量纲能量沉积ε增加至设计值,使设计激励器具有较好的射流冲量水平。     

锯齿电极等离子体激励器对气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

为获得锯齿电极等离子体激励器提高气膜冷却效率的机理,对有/无锯齿电极等离子体激励器作用下的平板气膜冷却流场进行了数值研究,并采用唯象模型模拟锯齿电极等离子体激励器对流场所施加的电场力。结果表明,冷却射流在锯齿电极等离子体激励器的下拉诱导作用下对主流的穿透率降低,射流中心轨迹高度的下降幅度沿流向发展逐渐增大;锯齿电极等离子体激励器气动激励作用下气膜孔下游的肾形涡的强度与尺度均减小,同时肾形涡的两侧产生与其旋转方向相反的小尺度的反肾形涡,进一步抑制了肾形涡的发展;锯齿电极等离子体激励器产生的展向扩散效应提高了冷却射流的展向扩张能力,从而提高了气膜冷却效率,与无等离子体气动激励相比,锯齿电极等离子体激励器作用下平板中心线与展向平均气膜冷却效率分别提高了50%与200%。     

斜孔式等离子体合成射流激励器静特性的实验

设计了斜孔式等离子体合成射流激励器，采用电参数测量和高速纹影技术研究了其放电特性及瞬态流场特性。实验表明:相较直孔式等离子体合成射流激励器，斜孔式等离子体合成射流激励器的射流流动表现出明显的附壁效应和非对称性，这有利于提高射流对流动分离的控制能力。同时，实验中还观察到了浮力对等离子体高温射流流场演化的影响，特别是在射流演化的末期，其诱导的垂向速度分量显著地改变了射流的最终运动方向。      

新型等离子体主动流动控制器及其诱导流场研究

利用空气中阻挡介质沿面放电等离子体诱导定向气流的特性,创造性地设计多种可用于流动控制的等离子体主动流动控制器;有目的地布置电极,主动组织等离子体诱导的定向气流,形成所需的气体流动结构;对其进行流动显示试验,并采用PIV技术对各新型等离子体流动控制器所形成的流场进行测量。研究结果表明,合理地设计等离子体流动控制器,可以得到所需的流动结构,用于流动控制。本文的研究成果为主动流动控制提供了一类新型的无源流动控制器。     

不同压力下微秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电流场实验

采用粒子图像测速（PIV）技术,在不同空气压力条件下,测量了微秒脉冲等离子体气动激励诱导流场的演化过程,分析了不同压力下的流场启动涡、流场结构和壁面射流.根据实验数据计算研究了诱导力随压力变化的空间分布趋势.实验结果表明:常压下和5500Pa压力下产生一个启动涡,19000Pa和11700Pa压力下产生两个启动涡.稳定流场结构随压力减少分别为L型、∽型和V型.压力减小,诱导流场对等离子体气动激励的响应时间减少,射流切向距离变短,距壁面法向距离增加.最大诱导力随压力降低减小,x坐标逐渐向表面介质阻挡放电（SDBD）激励器靠近.      

基于新型丝状电极等离子体激励器的前体涡控制

本文首次将新型丝状暴露电极DBD等离子激励器应用于大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制。丝状暴露电极的材料的选择对DBD推力以及推力效率至关重要,通过地面精细推力测量对丝状暴露电极等离子体激励器进行了优化,结果表明,本文研究材料中采用钨丝作为暴露电极,其推力效率最优;且随着电极直径从d=0.3 mm减小到d=0.08 mm,DBD推力效率显著提升。基于优化后的DBD激励器,将其应用于前体非对称涡控制:未施加等离子体控制时,压力测量以及PIV结果均表明细长体背风区流场为明显的非对称涡结构;在等离子体激励下,该非对称涡结构可变为对称甚至反向非对称,且非稳态激励控制能力明显优于稳态激励。研究发现,大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制与背风区原始涡系结构有关,其中包含对称涡系和非对称涡系。本文研究为大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制提供了一种新思路,同时也为丝状暴露电极DBD等离子体激励器的应用提供参考。     

Leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

In order to promote an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuator excited by a steady-mode excitation, an experimental investigation of an SC(2)-0714 supercritical airfoil with a symmetrical DBD plasma actuator was performed in a closed chamber and a low-speed wind tunnel. The plasma actuator was mounted at the leading edge of the airfoil.Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) results of the near-wall region in quiescent air suggested that the symmetrical DBD plasma actuator could induce some coherent structures in the separated shear layer, and these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f0= 39 Hz when the peak-to-peak voltage of the plasma actuator was 9.8 kV. In addition, an analysis of flow structures without and with plasma actuation around the upper side of the airfoil at an angle of attack of18° for a wind speed of 3 m/s(Reynolds number Re = 20000) indicated that the dynamic process of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil could be divided into three stages. Initially, this plasma actuator could reinforce the shedding vortices in the separated shear layer. Then, these vortical structures could deflect the separated flow towards the wall by promoting the mixing between the outside flow with a high kinetic energy and the flow near the surface. After that, the plasma actuator induced a series of rolling vortices in the vicinity of the suction side of the airfoil, and these vortical structures could transfer momentum from the leading edge of the airfoil to the separated region, resulting in a reattachment of the separated flow around the airfoil.     

圆锥脉冲等离子体诱导流场特性分析

对等离子体诱导流场特性进行研究,有利于解决双稳态非对称分离涡带来的连续比例控制困难的问题。在封闭光学玻璃箱体内,应用介质阻挡放电等离子体对20°顶角圆锥附近静止大气进行了定常和脉冲循环控制,对等离子体诱导的圆锥截面绕流速度场进行了二维PIV测量,对定常控制和脉冲循环控制下最大绕流速度及最大轴向涡量进行了比较分析。实验结果表明：相对于定常控制模式,脉冲循环控制下沿垂直于圆锥截面对称面径线分布的时间平均切向速度和轴向涡量范围较广;在脉冲循环控制下,动量传递的主要表现在离散涡的形成而不是气流的加速。     

Recent developments in thermal characteristics of surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators driven by sinusoidal high-voltage power

Flow control using surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuators driven by a sinusoidal alternating-current power supply has gained significant attention from the aeronautic industry. The induced flow field of the plasma actuator, with the starting vortex in the wall jet,plays an important role in flow control. However, the energy consumed for producing the induced flow field is only a small fraction of the total energy utilized by the plasma actuator, and most of the total energy i...     

Numerical investigation of aerodynamic flow actuation produced by surface plasma actuator on 2D oscillating airfoil

Numerical simulation of unsteady flow control over an oscillating NACA0012 airfoil is investigated. Flow actuation of a turbulent flow over the airfoil is provided by low current DC surface glow discharge plasma actuator which is analytically modeled as an ion pressure force produced in the cathode sheath region. The modeled plasma actuator has an induced pressure force of about 2 k Pa under a typical experiment condition and is placed on the airfoil surface at 0% chord length and/or at 10% chord length. The plasma actuator at deep-stall angles(from 5° to 25°) is able to slightly delay a dynamic stall and to weaken a pressure fluctuation in down-stroke motion. As a result, the wake region is reduced. The actuation effect varies with different plasma pulse frequencies, actuator locations and reduced frequencies. A lift coefficient can increase up to 70% by a selective operation of the plasma actuator with various plasma frequencies and locations as the angle of attack changes. Active flow control which is a key advantageous feature of the plasma actuator reveals that a dynamic stall phenomenon can be controlled by the surface plasma actuator with less power consumption if a careful control scheme of the plasma actuator is employed with the optimized plasma pulse frequency and actuator location corresponding to a dynamic change in reduced frequency.     

Flow field generated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air at initiation stage

A single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator driven by Alternating Current (AC) power, capable of inducing a starting vortex and a wall jet in quiescent air, is suited for low-Reynolds-number flow control. However, the starting vortex and the wall jet are usually observed after the plasma actuator has been operated for dozens of and hundreds of cycles of the voltage, respectively. The detail of the induced flow field at the initiation stage of the plasma actuator has rarely been addressed. At the initiation stage, a thin jet that provides the impetus for the entrainment of the induced flow at the beginning of the plasma actuation is first observed by using a high-accuracy phase-lock Schlieren technique and a high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. This is the initial form of the momentum transfer from the plasma to the fluid. Then, an arched type jet is created by the plasma actuator. In addition, the whole development process of the induced flow field from the starting point of the thin jet to the quasi-steady stage of wall jet is presented for providing a comprehensive understanding of the plasma actuator and proposing a relevant enhancement of the numerical simulation model.