美式电子篱笆对空间目标检测概率的计算

为了检验美式电子篱笆对空间目标的探测能力,本文以电子篱笆系统对空间目标的检测概率作为研究对象,结合空间目标运行仿真和雷达探测仿真两个领域,通过空间目标轨道运动、雷达接收信噪比和雷达检测概率计算等数学模型计算此系统对穿越的空间目标的检测概率,从检测概率的角度给出了电子篱笆的性能评估。然而检测概率并不等同于捕获概率,所以进一步的研究工作可在对有用信号提取成功的概率方面开展。     

基于点集合并的修正Hough变换TBD算法

在低信噪比条件下,基于Hough变换的检测前跟踪算法是进行强杂波背景下目标航迹检测的一种手段。本文针对Hough变换后一个目标产生多条可能航迹以及航迹内可能存在杂波点的问题,提出了一种基于能量最大点和点集合并的修正Hough变换检测前跟踪算法。该算法利用量测点时序、能量信息及目标速度先验信息对Hough变换后点迹进行关联和剔除,能够有效的对目标原始航迹进行回溯。针对高斯噪声背景下的飞行目标,仿真结果表明该算法能够对微弱目标进行有效检测,在目标数目、杂波密度、信噪比发生变化的条件下仍能保持较高的检测概率。     

一种改进的直方图概率多假设多目标跟踪方法

直方图概率多假设跟踪（H-PMHT）方法及其变形泊松分布直方图概率多假设跟踪（P-HPMHT）方法的一个主要缺点是其量测模型仅考虑了背景杂波而没有考虑传感器噪声,从而导致在低信噪比条件下检测概率较低。针对这一问题,提出了一种带传感器噪声模型的H-PMHT方法,通过将传感器噪声引入量测模型,从而明显提高了对低信噪比目标的跟踪检测能力。该方法的计算量与目标数保持线性关系,仍然适用于目标数目较多的情况。仿真实验表明：该方法在误跟踪比率为1‰,信噪比为6 dB时,检测比率可提升近20%,信噪比为3 dB时,可提升近10%。     

遗传算法在低信噪比图象点目标检测中的应用

将遗传算法用于图象中低信噪比点目标的检测。在分析了点目标及背景特点的基础上,设计了编码方案及遗传操作算子,提出了合格个体保留法。仿真结果表明应用此算法,可实现信噪比为2dB的点目标的检测与跟踪。     

航天测控系统高动态目标角捕获方法研究

航天测控系统高动态目标的角捕获中,既要保持接收天线波束宽度以提高捕获概率,又要保持天线增益满足信噪比需求。传统角捕获方法不能满足需求,采用对区域目标进行多波束成像的方法,在保持一定接收增益的同时,兼顾捕获范围。伺服捕获仿真结果满足航天测控系统高动态目标角捕获需求。     

海杂波背景下小目标检测及其运动信息的提取

介绍了在基于Hough变换的检测前跟踪算法检测海杂波背景下的低可观测目标的基础上,将动态规划方法引入其中,从每一条“特征直线”所包含的数据点迹中提取最可能构成目标点迹的数据点的方法。仿真结果表明,将Hough变换与基于动态规划的航迹搜索相结合,能够提高低信噪比条件下的目标检测概率,并能比较准确地提取出目标点迹。然后对提取出来的目标点迹进行Kalman滤波,以估计目标的速度,从而为后续的检测与跟踪提供比较准确的目标信息。     

快速迭代反卷积算法的超分辨性能分析

传统观念认为,扫描体制下的实孔径雷达方位分辨力决定于3dB波束宽度,这使得雷达难以从方位上区分同一波束内的两个等距目标。迭代反卷积算法是一种简单实用的超分辨算法,为分析迭代反卷积算法的超分辨性能,文章对线性迭代算法和P阶决速迭代算法进行了比较并对此做了仿真实验。仿真实验表明,P阶快速迭代反卷积算法的超分辨效果较佳,而且...     

基于邻帧差分近邻反相特征的红外运动点目标检测算法

基于运动点目标在邻帧差分图像中所具有的近邻反相特征,即运动点目标的两个位置相邻近、灰度值一正一负,提出一种在复杂背景下,基于红外序列图像的运动点目标检测算法.本算法利用该特征在邻帧差分图像中检测反相点对,进而构造反相点对矢量图,最后依据累积反相点对矢量图中多矢量首位相接的连续性检测出运动的点目标.文中给出并证明应用本算法能以概率1检测到运动点目标的收敛性定理.对典型复杂背景下10幅1000帧图像的仿真结果表明,当信噪比大于或等于1.5时,可以有效检测出运动点目标.     

临近空间伴有尾流高超声速目标检测定位算法

临近空间高超声速目标由于尾迹的产生使雷达散射截面积(RCS)存在突增现象。为解决在此状态下的目标检测及本体定位问题,首先,提出圆台模型模拟尾迹多散射点分布范围,采用密度峰值聚类筛选本体及尾迹量测点;然后,采用修正Hough变换筛选目标航迹,根据运动目标坐标间的数学关系进行本体定位;最后,输出结果。仿真结果显示：算法对2个不同尾迹长度的目标均保持近90%的检测概率,对2个目标全部检测的概率具有近80%的检测概率,且检测概率不随RCS差、尾迹长度和信杂比的变化而产生较大变化,具有一定的应用前景。     

雷达散射截面面积对发现概率的影响

在深入分析了影响飞机生存力的几种因素的基础上,通过理论推导,建立了雷达输入端信噪比与发现概率及雷达散射截面面积与信噪比之间的关系,计算了雷达散射截面面积对发现概率影响.并在Matlab的环境下进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明:当信噪比落在区间[5.6,12.5]内,发现概率随着信噪比的降低而陡降.在没有完全掌握敌方预警雷达参数的情况下,通过假设定量的给出调整雷达散射截面面积的最佳范围.     

Unresolved Rayleigh target detection using monopulse measurements

When the returns from two or more targets interfere (i.e., the signals are not resolved in the frequency or time domains) in a monopulse radar system, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimate indicated by the monopulse ratio can wander far beyond the angular separation of the targets. Generalized maximum likelihood (GML) detection of the presence of unresolved Rayleigh targets is developed with probability density functions (pdfs) conditioned on the measured amplitude of the target echoes. The Neyman-Pearson detection algorithm uses both the in-phase and quadrature portions of the monopulse ratio and requires no a priori knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or DOA of either target. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are given along with simulation results that illustrate the performance and application of the algorithm     

目标指示精度对跟踪雷达截获概率的影响

在分析压制干扰对目标指示精度影响的基础上,研究了目标指示精度对跟踪雷达截获目标概率的影响,将跟踪雷达截获目标的过程分为落入目标探测区域及发现目标两个过程,建立了相应的评价指标与模型,对模型进行了在不同的干扰及抗干扰条件下进行了仿真验证。     

基于蒙特卡洛法的制导子弹药命中概率模型

针对制导子弹药命中概率模型方面研究的不足,详细分析了制导子弹药与无控子弹药在结构与作用原理方面的不同,以及制导子弹药的捕获概率、发现识别概率;结合无控子弹药落点散布规律,运用蒙特卡洛方法建立了制导子弹药命中概率计算模型,并对不同捕获概率下对给定目标的命中概率进行了分析。仿真结果表明,制导子弹药对特定目标的命中概率远高于无控子弹药,命中概率模型的建立为制导子弹药效能分析奠定了基础。     

Tracker and signal processing for the benchmark problem with unresolved targets

Radar signal processing is particularly important in tracking closely spaced targets and targets in the presence of sea-surface-induced multipath. Closely spaced targets can produce unresolved measurements when they occupy the same range cell of the radar. These issues are the salient features of the benchmark problem for tracking unresolved targets combined with radar management, for which this paper presents the only complete solution to date. In this paper a modified version of a recently developed maximum likelihood (ML) angle estimator, which can produce two measurements from a single (unresolved) detection, is presented. A modified generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is also described to detect the presence of two unresolved targets. Sea-surface-induced multipath can produce a severe bias in the elevation angle measurement when the conventional monopulse ratio angle extractor method is used. A modified version of a recently developed ML angle extractor, which produces nearly unbiased elevation angle measurements and significantly improves the track accuracy, is presented. Efficient radar resource allocation algorithms for two closely spaced targets and targets flying close to the sea surface are also presented. Finally, the IMMPDAF (interacting multiple model estimator with probabilistic data association filter modules) is used to track these targets. It is found that a two-model IMMPDAF performs better than the three-model version used in the previous benchmark. Also, the IMMPDAF with a coordinated turn model works better than the one using a Wiener process acceleration model. The signal processing and tracking algorithms presented here, operating in a feedback manner, form a comprehensive solution to the most realistic tracking and radar management problem to date.     

Detection of a Distributed Target

The influence of increasing range resolution on the detectability of targets with dimensions greater than the resolution cell is studied. An N-cell target model is assumed, which contains k reflecting cells, each reflecting independently according to the same Rayleigh amplitude distribution. It will be referred to as the (N,k) target. Detection based on one transmitted pulse is performed against a background of white normal noise. Detection in stationary clutter is also considered. The optimum detector is obtained but, in view of its complexity, the performance of a simpler detector, the square-law envelope detector with linear integrator (SLEDLI), is analyzed, and a formula for the probability of detection is obtained. Graphs are presented which show the probability of detection as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for various values of N k, and false alarm probability. For N/k not too large it is shown that the SLEDLI is near optimum.     

Monopulse DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets

This paper provides for new approaches to the processing of unresolved measurements as two direction-of-arrival (DOA) measurements for tracking closely spaced targets rather than the conventional single DOA measurement of the centroid. The measurements of the two-closely spaced targets are merged when the target echoes are not resolved in angle, range, or radial velocity (i.e., Doppler processing). The conditional Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) is developed for the DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets using a standard monopulse radar. Then the modified CRLB is used to give insight into the boresight pointing for monopulse DOA estimation of two unresolved targets. Monopulse processing is considered for DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets with known or estimated relative radar cross section (RCS). The performance of the DOA estimator is studied via Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the modified CRLB     

复合高斯杂波中距离扩展目标的迭代近似GLRT检测器

 研究了结构化的复合高斯杂波(CGC)背景中距离扩展目标自适应检测问题。针对异质杂波背景中的近似广义似然比检验(AGLRT-HTG)检测器应用于CGC背景中时存在一定的信杂比损失问题,结构化的复合高斯杂波采用自回归过程建模,结合近似广义似然比检验(AGLRT)方法和迭代估计思想,提出了CGC背景中距离扩展目标的迭代近似广义似然比检测器(RAGLRT-CGC)。从理论上分析了极限情况下RAGLRT-CGC虚警概率与检测门限关系的解析表达式。仿真结果表明,在CGC背景中,RAGLRT-CGC对不同多主散射点目标具有较好的鲁棒性,并且检测性能明显优于AGLRT-HTG。     

反舰导弹中/末制导交班点目标捕捉方法研究

为了提高对目标的捕捉概率,研究了反舰导弹中末制导交班点的选择问题。首先对中制导的散布概率区和目标的散布概率区建模,并得出反映中/末制导交班点捕捉概率大小的目标函数;在此基础上,利用遗传算法对该目标函数寻优,得出反舰导弹的最佳交班时刻和交班状态。全弹道数字仿真验证了该方法可有效地提高一类反舰导弹的捕捉概率。     

声纳浮标阵目标搜索优化布放算法

为提高声纳浮标阵的目标搜索效率,文章首先建立目标运动模型和累积搜索概率的计算方法,然后提出了基于多点随机搜索、分区分支界定和遗传算法的浮标阵优化布放方法。仿真结果表明：这3种优化方法均优于传统布放方法,多点随机搜索算法性能最差但适合短时间制定布放策略;分区分支界定算法适合优化较少参数的浮标阵形,保证能找到最优点;对于较...     

Monopulse tracking of Rayleigh targets: a simple approach

A simple derivation of the probability distribution of the monopulse ratio is presented. The derivation is based upon a conditional distribution and considers both Rayleigh targets and simple non-Rayleigh cases. The mean is obtained almost without calculation. The variance expression is given completely general noise and glint interpretation. Analytical expressions for angle error mean and spread, including noise, target width, and unresolved targets, are presented as functions of antenna position, in simple and comprehensive diagrams