双星编队星座相对状态自主确定

针对NASA的ST-3中自主编队飞行的双星星座，研究在无GPS信号覆盖区域，利用星载类GPS的伪距和载波观测数据自主确定双星星座之间相对位置与钟差的问题。文中首先给出了系统的数学模型；然后研究利用卫星姿态机动提供的几何信息，进行单差整周模糊度初始化的问题，讨论了最优化的卫星姿态机动方案；最后给出了仿真协方差分析结果。     

卫星编队飞行相对轨道的确定

卫星之间相对轨道的确定对于多颗卫星编队飞行的控制和任务是十分重要的。结合空间圆形的编队飞行星座，本文给出了描述卫星近距离运动的C-W方程，讨论了空间圆形的编队卫星星座的构成，进而设定了利用激光仪测量星间位置矢量，并设计了Kalman滤波器来实现相对轨道的确定，分析和仿真结果表明，Kalman滤波器能够有效提高相对位置确定精度并给出相对速度的高精度估计。     

正确认识山农信道容量定理

山农信道容量定理公式中的信道带宽恒为信源所发出的消息信号的带宽 ,是信道带宽的理论最小极限 ;它不同于现代通信工程中传输已调制信号时所需要的信道带宽。这是本文所证明的基本结论。这一结论将限制信道容量定理的普适性和实用性。     

GNSS地面覆盖性仿真分析研究

GNSS对地面用户的应用价值取决于GNSS信号对地面的覆盖性能,这不仅取决于星载传感器的信号辐射角范围,还取决于用户自身的最小观测角。本文对GNSS地面覆盖性原理进行了分析,给出了判别依据,然后对北斗区域服务系统、北斗全球导航系统及其与其它GNSS组合共5种仿真方案的地面覆盖性进行了仿真。在实际应用中,可以根据仿真结果针对不同的应用任务选取不同的卫星星座或选取多星座互操作,以保证最大同时可见卫星数,从而更好地提升GNSS卫星星座的应用价值。     

编队星座星间相对状态测量的间接实现

研究利用编队卫星间伪距测量值 ,自主确定编队星座星间相对状态的有关问题。文中针对编队星座的卫星之间存在发射和接收天线不能相互覆盖的情况 ,提出了间接覆盖概念。并给出系统的数学模型 ,分析实现间接覆盖的方法并进行协方差分析。最后 ,对间接覆盖情况作了仿真 ,仿真结果证明间接覆盖在星间相对状态测量中的可行性     

低轨Walker星座构型演化及维持策略分析

针对低轨(LEO)Walker星座构型维持问题,分析在地球非球形引力和大气阻力摄动下卫星的运动规律及星座构型演化特性。结果表明,低轨Walker星座构型发散主要体现在由初始轨道参数不一致引起的轨道高度衰减和相位漂移,国内首例低轨Walker星座实测轨道数据验证了理论分析的正确性。结合星座任务特性与构型发散特点,提出了基于基准卫星的相对相位维持策略,选取一颗卫星作为基准卫星,使星座中其它所有卫星相对于基准卫星的相位漂移量累加值最小,通过对目标卫星实施一次相对基准卫星的轨道高度抬升/降低,维持星间的相对位置关系。实际工程应用表明了此策略的有效性,不仅降低星座构型维持的复杂度及频次,节约燃料,且轨控时间短,为我国今后卫星星座的构型维持提供参考。     

星座导航与控制分布式仿真系统设计

基于HLA/RTI和STK,设计了卫星星座导航与控制分布式仿真系统.仿真系统中每颗卫星均由单独的计算机模拟,可真实地反映星座的运行情况,更好地模拟星间链路;卫星轨道精确外推、星间链路优化、基于基准星和星间距离测量的分布式导航以及基于相对轨道根数的星座绝对站位保持等关键技术也融入到系统中;仿真系统还具有直观的二维、三维场景和曲线动态可视化演示功能.结合具体的WaIker星座实例,仿真星座稳定运行180天,系统运行结果表明所设计的仿真系统及采用的关键技术能够满足仿真与评估的需求.另外,在一定程度上该仿真系统还支持其它卫星星座的仿真与评估.     

一种多卫星编队飞行的准确定位方法

为实现多卫星编队飞行的准确定位，用微型扫描激光距离探测器(MS-LRF)确定卫星间的相对位置．并给出了不同的算法。该方法的精度高、速度快，无需坐标变换，其可靠性和可行性较高。     

中继卫星系统仿真软件设计与应用*

设计开发中继卫星系统仿真软件,并针对理想信道条件、I/Q幅相不平衡、幅频特性、群时延、相位噪声、功放饱和条件、非线性信道条件这七种信道,仿真16QAM和16APSK的误码率性能,并对仿真结果进行分析。利用仿真平台得出的非线性信道条件下误码率需求与所需信噪比之间的关系,可以作为完善系统技术指标的重要依据,为中继卫星系统后续建设和应用提供重要参考。     

基于DVB-S2系统APSK信号的分析与干扰仿真

针对DVB-S2系统采用的幅度相位键控(APSK)等高阶调制方式,分析了APSK信号的调制与解调原理,推导了16APSK信号的误比特率(BER)。仿真讨论了基于DVB-S2系统APSK信号在受不同噪声调制干扰和数字调制信号干扰时的误比特率及干扰效果。结果表明:在低干信比(J/s)时数字调制干扰信号干扰效果更好。研究结果可为APSK信号的抗干扰性能研究提供参考。     

面向飞行器自主导航的铱星/星链星座覆盖性及可见性分析

针对低轨星座机会信号导航中单星座构型和可见星数无法同时满足高精度、高可用性的难题,基于铱星、星链轨道参数,建立了单星座和混合星座模型,探究了各个星座覆盖重数、覆盖率及飞行器对上述星座的可见性。研究结果表明：飞行器可见星数随飞行高度增加而减少,随飞行器最小观测仰角增大而减少,星链和铱星的融合可显著增加纬度60°以上区域可见星数。铱星对全球不同纬度、不同时间具有100%全覆盖;星链目前覆盖区域向两极拓展,对全球覆盖重数最大为56,最小为0,未实现全球不同纬度、全时段100%的覆盖率,但中国区域星链覆盖率均优于美国区域。星链和铱星的混合星座使全球覆盖重数优于10,不同纬度、不同时间覆盖率达到100%,显著优于单星座。     

对数零相位谱在雷达目标识别中的应用研究

高分辨距离像的频谱相位包含了大部分目标信息,对数零相位谱特征能够保留这些信息,且具有平移不变性。提出一种对数零相位谱最小距离雷达目标识别方法,并利用外场实测数据计算仿真,比较了最小欧氏距离与最小马氏距离准则下对数零相位谱的识别性能,同时与功率谱、幅度谱做对比,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

A vector method for synthesis of orbits and the structure of satellite constellations for multiswath periodic coverage of the Earth

Single satellites and multisatellite constellations for the periodic coverage of the Earth are considered. The main feature is the use of several cameras with different swath widths. A vector method is proposed which makes it possible to find orbits minimizing the periodicities of coverage of a given area of Earth uniformly for all swaths. Their number is not limited, but the relative dimensions should satisfy the Fibonacci series or some new numerical sequences. The results apply to constellations of any number of satellites. Formulas were derived for calculating their structure, i.e., relative position in the constellation. Examples of orbits and the structure of constellations for the Earth’s multiswath coverage are presented.     

低轨红外观测星座时空观测漏洞分析

提出了低轨红外观测星座时空观测漏洞概念,分析了漏洞的成因、形状和变化规律,给出了漏洞活动范围、数量和大小的计算方法。仿真计算了三个Walkerδ-星座的漏洞指标,给出了基于漏洞指标的星座评价方法。研究对低轨红外观测星座的设计有一定的指导意义。     

一种低轨卫星星座覆盖性能通用评价准则

针对不同构形卫星星座的统一评价问题,提出了一种低轨星座覆盖性能的通用评价准则,可对不同构形和不同高度的星座对地覆盖性能进行统一评价。该准则将星座的对地仰角特性转化为具有相同覆盖能力的标准卫星数,以之同星座中实际卫星数的比值作为星座覆盖性能指数对星座实施评价。利用该评价准则,计算了Iridium、Globalstar、Celestri和NeLS四种星座构形覆盖性能的评价指数并提出了改进方法。     

Design of meo constellations for galileo: towards a “design to cost” approach

GALILEO aims at involving Europe in a new generation of satellite navigation services. In the context of the phase A of this programme, many system options are still widely open: detailed requirements, constraints and hypotheses are not yet fully stabilised.In order to design a satellite constellation satisfying civil aviation and other users needs in this early stage of the system definition, it is necessary not only to take into account classical performance aspects, such as accuracy and availability of accuracy, but also cost constraints. The paper describes the design and dimensioning method which has led ALCATEL to propose a set of MEO constellations in the frame of the GALILEO project for ESA. It especially places emphasis upon the sensitivity of the system design to numerous parameters as well as its sensitivity to performance requirements.Potential candidate constellations obviously need to meet given performance specifications which are determined by operational aspects such as: satellite reliability, maintenance strategy (spare in orbit, launch on schedule, launch on need), deployment strategy (launcher choice, etc.). The estimated cost of a potential solution is mainly derived from the number of satellites and the deployment/maintenance strategy, but it is representative of the whole life-cycle of the constellation. Furthermore, the exhibited solution shall be “as robust as” possible to requirement or assumption changes. So, it should be a baseline solution that could be easily updated in order to take into account small upgrades.This has led to the performance of some trend analyses to understand the actual influence of some constraints or requirements on the system design, and to see how initial requirements can be efficiently relaxed in order to obtain the maximum system cost diminution for a minimum constraint relaxation. This will be very useful, if cost reduction is necessary, to quickly propose alternative or sub-solutions to the baseline one.     

采用改进非支配近邻免疫算法的低轨混合星座设计优化

针对低轨同构星座覆盖资源在纬度上分布不均匀的不足,提出采用低轨混合星座提升覆盖均匀性的设计方案,并推导了满足全球任意点平均每天覆盖一定次数的最小卫星规模估算公式。针对非支配近邻免疫算法（NNIA）约束处理方面的不足,提出基于约束支配的改进非支配近邻免疫算法（Modified NNIA）,并以此设计了一种低轨混合星座优化平台来优化带约束的星座设计问题。仿真结果表明,改进的NNIA算法在收敛速度和多样性上均优于非支配分层遗传算法（NSGA II）和多目标粒子群算法（MOPSO）,可大大提高星座设计的效率。同时优化结果也表明低轨混合星座可提高覆盖的均匀性和大部分区域的覆盖次数,进而减少特定覆盖要求所需的卫星数目。     

低轨大规模星座对空间碎片环境的影响及其应对措施（英文）

Large constellations have developed rapidly in recent years because of their unique advantages, but they will inevitably have a major negative impact on the space debris environment, leading to its deterioration. The key to mitigate the impact is the success rate and duration of the post-mission disposal(PMD) process. Aiming at solving this problem, this paper further studies the impact of large constellations on other space assets under different PMD strategies through simulation, and proposes corresponding strategies and suggestions for mitigation.According to OneWeb's large constellation launch plan, the dangerous intersection of the large constellation with existing space assets at different stages of the constellations life cycle is calculated by simulation. Based on this, the influence of the large constellation operation on existing space assets at different times and strategies of PMD is analyzed. The conclusion shows that in the PMD stage, large constellations have the greatest impact on existing space assets; the PMD duration and number of satellites performing PMD at the same time are key factors to the degree of negative impact. The faster the PMD is, the less threat it poses to other spacecraft. More results and conclusions are still being analyzed.