基于台架试验的涡轴发动机喘振发生位置规律

为了探究某型涡轴发动机喘振发生位置规律,采集并分析了台架喘振试验时进气道、轴流压气机叶尖、轴流压气机出口和离心压气机出口的压力信号。采用连续小波时频变换对压力信号进行特征提取,以小波系数作为喘振信号特征,阈值为小波系数最大值的10%,结果表明:某型涡轴发动机的轴流压气机总是比离心压气机先发生喘振,喘振在轴向上由进气道向离心压气机传递的同时,在周向上也沿着压气机转子叶片旋转方向传递。对某型号发动机进行实时喘振监测时,监测轴流压气机能比监测离心压气机更早发现喘振,在后续某型涡轴发动机改型设计时,可增加轴流压气机的喘振裕度来提升整机防喘能力。      

基于声压信号的某型涡轴发动机喘振识别

为了识别某型涡轴发动机喘振时的特征,通过进气畸变方式开展了某型发动机台架试车逼喘试验,利用声压传感器测量采集了轴流压气机和离心压气机两侧的声压信号。对声压信号进行测试环境与背景噪声修正,再采用时频分析方法实现了对由于进气减少引起的压气机叶片失速团特征和低频喘振特征的检测,并采用小波低频重构声压信号方法实现了某型涡轴发动机喘振信号的提取与识别。结果表明：随着进气的增加,轴流压气机和离心压气机转子频率处声压信号幅值会降低,同时会产生失速团,轴流压气机右侧能最先监测到喘振,喘振频率约为60 Hz。     

离心压气机进气流场研究及控制

对某车用增压离心压气机进行了三维数值模拟,研究了离心压气机设计点和不同转速下近喘振点进气流场,基于此提出了离心压气机进气轮盖导叶流场控制措施并进行了验证实验.研究表明:离心压气机近喘振点压力面与吸力面压力差异影响到进气流场,导致进气口轮盖附近出现与叶轮转向相反的切向速度;且从低转速到高转速,该与叶轮转向相反的切向速度逐渐增大;离心压气机设计点进气在叶片压力面和吸力面前分别形成与叶轮转向相反和相同的切向速度区域,该区域不限于轮盖附近.轮盖导叶的流动控制方法可以有效抑制近喘振点切向反速度,实验结果表明,轮盖导叶使得离心压气机整体性能得到了提高,在90000r/min近喘振点压比提高了3.4%,效率提高了3.0%.      

压气机失稳过程的幅值与频率理论研究

在压气机主动稳定控制与健康监控时,为了准确描述失速和喘振的幅值与频率特性,以压气机系统模型为基础,从动力学的角度,基于失速团的构成,应用模态波理论分析压气机失速行为;基于压气机喘振的一维振荡特性,应用强非线性理论分析喘振现象;通过分析推导并给出压气机失稳过程的幅值与频率理论描述。数值仿真表明:失速与喘振的幅值与频率是压气机特性、压气机结构参数与气流参数的函数,在失速过程中,模态阶数越低,其幅值越先出现并趋于稳定;扰动模态阶数越高,旋转频率越大;在喘振过程中,压气机出口节流系数越小,喘振幅值与振荡频率越大。     

带分流叶片离心叶轮气动设计及其流场分析

为提高某涡轴发动机的性能,需要对其离心压气机进行改进.本文设计了带分流叶片的离心叶轮,以确保离心压气机在不降低喘振裕度的前提下,设计点总压比提高不低于0.3,效率提高不低于2%.计算结果表明新设计的离心叶轮达到了设计指标.流场分析显示,新设计的叶轮有效地控制了气流分离,减小了出口尾迹的强度与范围;分流叶片的长度对叶轮效率有一定影响,合理的分流叶片长度可以有效地削弱二次流强度,提高叶轮效率.     

脉动背压离心压气机动态特性及稳定性

试验研究了脉动背压对离心压气机动态响应及喘振特性的影响规律。结果表明:脉动背压条件时压气机性能存在明显非定常特征,高频大幅脉动背压和陡峭的压比流量特性均可强化该非定常特征。基于试验结果,提出了脉动背压压气机非定常性能与脉冲特性及运行工况的关联模型。脉动背压导致压气机喘振边界左移,稳定运行范围最高拓宽12.3%。压气机向小流量工况趋近时,脉动背压引起的流场振荡减弱,但喘振所致的流场振荡逐步强化,致使流场振荡强度呈V型变化特征,表明了脉动背压与压气机气动稳定性之间存在耦合关系。研究探明了脉动背压条件对压气机动态响应和喘振特性的影响规律,对帮助真实运行环境压气机设计理论的发展具有重要意义。      

特斯拉阀对压气机深度喘振影响研究

深度喘振是压气机运行过程中最为恶劣的、极具破坏性的流动失稳现象，与压气机部件性能以及系统特性紧密相关。本文通过在压气机上下游采用特斯拉阀以改变系统特性，对比分析了不同特斯拉阀方案对深度喘振的影响规律和机理。研究结果表明，特斯拉阀位置不同对压气机深度喘振特性的影响不一样：压气机下游采用特斯拉阀延长了深度喘振中充放气时间，降低了深度喘振频率同时增大了喘振圈大小；而上游采用特斯拉阀可贮存高温压缩流体，提升进口总温从而使压气机折合转速降低，进而降低压气机最大压升，减小了叶轮所受最大非定常轴向气动力和喘振圈的大小，有效控制了喘振强度。     

组合压气机旋转失速特征的小波分析

采用高频响动态压力探针测量了小流量轴流/离心组合压气机的旋转失速和喘振,并采用基于Morlet小波时频分析和小波系数奇异分解的方法分析了压气机失速信号.研究结果表明:稳定工况下,频率分量较多、幅值较小.失速工况下,特征频率能量较大、且成倍频关系.在该组合压气机的失稳过程中,并没有引起大幅度的压力脉动.压气机光滑地从失速前出现的模态波过渡到完全失速.周向存在2个失速团,失速团传播速度约为44.8%~45.9%转速.      

防冰引气对组合压气机性能影响的数值模拟研究

为了研究防冰引气系统对轴流-离心组合压气机性能、内部流场和级间匹配关系的变化的影响,以带有防冰引气系统的组合压气机为研究对象,在离心压气机离心叶轮约3/4相对弦长位置轮缘处开槽引气,在轴流进口导叶叶片表面开孔喷气,进行3维数值模拟计算,并与不带引气和喷气系统的原始压气机进行对比分析。结果表明：防冰引气会引起组合压气机的性能降低,喘振裕度减小;轴流前2级由于折合转速下降,近工作点效率略有提高,但喘振裕度减小;离心级特性线向小流量方向移动,效率降低,稳定工作范围减小。     

辅助动力装置喘振控制方法

以带负载压气机的辅助动力装置(APU)为研究对象,分析了其引气工作特点及负载压气机喘振机理,提出采用出口换算流量小于最小稳定工作流量的方法来控制负载压气机稳定工作,当APU出口换算流量小于最小稳定工作流量2%时,通过打开喘振控制阀(SCV)防止APU喘振.设计了比例积分微分(PID)控制器控制SCV开度,试车数据与相同条件下的逼喘仿真试验结果对比表明,所提出的方法既可避免负载压气机喘振,又可保证出口压力满足引气要求.      

非对称端壁造型对离心压气机性能的影响

非对称端壁造型应用在轴流压气机和涡轮中具有较好的提高效率的作用。为了探究非对称端壁造型对离心压气机性能的影响,借鉴非对称端壁造型在轴流压气机中的设计经验,借助Autoblade和CFX商用软件,设计了四种非对称端壁造型结构,并对带叶片式扩压器的离心压气机展开数值计算研究。研究发现,与原型压气机相比,采用压力面附近为凸曲率形状、吸力面附近为凹曲率形状的非对称端壁造型结构PEW1_10%(profiled end wall 1_10%)可以在保证全工况效率不降低的情况下,使离心压气机的性能曲线向小流量和大流量均有拓展,稳定工作范围扩大11.8%。通过分析流场发现,在近喘振工况,非对称端壁造型PEW1_10%使扩压器通道内流量重新分配,吸力面附近径向速度增大,低能流体减少,改善了扩压器通道的流动状况,进而推迟喘振的发生。     

Effect of bent inlet pipe on the flow instability behavior of centrifugal compressors

Bent inlet pipes are often used in centrifugal compressors due to limited installation space, and an understanding of the effect on compressor stability is essential for safety and durability. This paper firstly investigates flow instability behaviors in two compressors, one with a straight inlet pipe and the other with an S-shaped bent pipe. In detail, it analyzes the resulting flow fields, instability evolution paths and surge boundaries. The results show that the S-shaped pipe obviously affects the flow field at high mass flow rates, while reverse flow mainly influences the flow field at low mass flow rates. Reverse flow first occurs at certain flow passages with a high pressure difference that is predominantly decided by the volute rather than the S-shaped bent pipe. In addition, centrifugal compressors can tolerate reverse flow to some extent so that surge would not occur immediately if reverse flow occurs unless the reverse flow region extends circumferentially and radially to a sufficiently large size. Since the S-shaped pipe is not dominant in the creation and extension of reverse flow, it does not exacerbate the stability of the central compressor to a great extent. Last but not least, the S-shaped pipe is noted to delay the occurrence of surge at 90% rotating speed, which suggests the possibility of improving compressor stability with bent inlet pipes. This result differs from the conventional understanding that inlet distortion usually deteriorates compressor stability and emphasizes the particularity of centrifugal compressors.     

Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser

To expand the stable operating range of compressors, understanding the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates is necessary. In this paper, the mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser is experimentally investigated, where the diffuser blade setting angle can be adjusted. Many dynamic pressure transducers are mounted on the casing surface of the compressor. From the design condition to surge, dynamic pressure data is recorded throughout the gradual process. According to the signal developing status, the typical modes of compressor instability are defined in detail, such as stall, mild surge, and deep surge. A relatively high-frequency stall wave originates in the impeller and propagates to the diffuser, and finally stimulates a deep surge in the compressor. The compressor behavior during surge differs at different diffuser vane angles. When the diffuser vane angle is adjusted, both the unstable form and the core factor affecting the overall machine stability change. A specific indicator is proposed to measure the instability of each component in a compressor, which can be used to determine the best region for stability extension technologies, such as a holed casing treatment, in different compressor applications.     

离心式压气机出口动态压力的关联维数特征分析

基于相空间重构理论,以800kW离心式压气机在不同工况下的出口动态压力为研究对象,分析了其时域、频域和关联维数特征,目的是实现喘振识别.结果表明:系统稳态时,动态压力幅值小且随机特性强,系统的混沌特征较为明显.此状态下的关联维数曲线波动很大,饱和关联维数也较大(8～20),并且部分时段不存在饱和关联维数.而随着系统经过...     

某型加力涡扇发动机变几何扩稳优化模拟

本文基于级特性和级叠积模型,发展了涡扇发动机风扇压气机导叶、静叶调节扩大发动机稳定裕度的计算模型,并将其与某型加力涡扇发动机共同工作计算模型相结合,建立了低函道比加力涡扇发动机风扇和压气机变几何调节扩稳的模拟方法及相应的计算模拟程序,并对发动机变几何的调节方案进行了初步的优化分析,结果表明合理的发动机变几何调节可使发动机性能和稳定裕度获得最佳匹配。      

进口导叶预旋对扩压器内部非定常流场影响的实验研究

本文在不同的进口导叶预旋下,采用热线风速仪对扩压器内的非定常流场进行了测量,采用锁相采样—集平均技术对热膜测量的瞬时信号进行处理,研究了进口导叶预旋角度和方向对扩压器内部非定常流场影响。结果表明,扩压器内部大部分紊流强度均有所增加;扩压器内的非定常性受导叶尾流及大尺度涡团的非定常影响而减小,且负预旋角度下非定常性的减小程度小于正预旋角度下的非定常性;扩压器内部的非定常流动的基本频率降低。     

Determination of a suitable set of loss models for centrifugal compressor performance prediction

Performance prediction in preliminary design stages of several turbomachinery components is a critical task in order to bring the design processes of these devices to a successful conclusion.In this paper,a review and analysis of the major loss mechanisms and loss models,used to determine the efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,and a subsequent examination to determine an appropriate loss correlation set for estimating the isentropic efficiency in preliminary design stages of centrifugal compressors,were developed.Several semi-empirical correlations,commonly used to predict the efficiency of centrifugal compressors,were implemented in FORTRAN code and then were compared with experimental results in order to establish a loss correlation set to determine,with good approximation,the isentropic efficiency of single stage compressor.The aim of this study is to provide a suitable loss correlation set for determining the isentropic efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,because,with a large amount of loss mechanisms and correlations available in the literature,it is difficult to ascertain how many and which correlations to employ for the correct prediction of the efficiency in the preliminary stage design of a centrifugal compressor.As a result of this study,a set of correlations composed by nine loss mechanisms for single stage centrifugal compressors,conformed by a rotor and a diffuser,are specified.     

进口导叶预旋对扩压器内部非定常 流场影响的实验

在不同的进口导叶预旋角度和方向下,采用热线风速仪对扩压器内部非定常流场进行了测量,采用锁相采样-集平均技术对热膜测量的瞬时信号进行处理,研究了进口导叶预旋角度和方向对扩压器内部非定常流场的影响.结果表明,扩压器内部大部分湍流强度均有所增加;扩压器内的非定常性受导叶尾流及大尺度涡团的非定常影响而减小,且负预旋角度下非定常性的减小程度小于正预旋角度下非定常性的减小程度;扩压器内部的非定常流动的基本频率降低.     

双转子涡轮喷气发动机稳定工作裕度的测定技术研究

本文介绍了对双转子涡喷发动机的喷水逼喘试验技术,为在双转子涡喷发动机上测定压缩系统的稳定工作裕度提供了一种稳定可靠的方法。通过对试验结果的数据处理、分析研究,为制造厂检验双转子发动机压气机的稳定工作裕度,提供了一种简单适用的稳态数据处理方法。