On equilibrium stability in the Sitnikov problem

The problem of stability of the trivial equilibrium position in the Sitnikov problem is considered in the first approximation. The first approximation is shown to have the form of a linear second-order equation with time-periodic coefficient (the Hill-type equation). The equilibrium stability was studied on the basis of equation regularization in the vicinity of a singular point with subsequent calculation of the trace a of the monodromy matrix. The equilibrium stability is shown to be stable for almost all values of eccentricity e from the [0, 1] interval. The instability takes place on the discrete set of e values, when the mutipliers are multiple (with non-simple elementary divisors), e = 1 being a point of crowding of this set.     

A Diffusion Model of Radial Distributions of Energetic Protons in Saturn's Magnetosphere

A simple diffusion model of Saturn's radiation belts with a constant internal source and particle losses at the boundaries is considered. The radial diffusion coefficient is supposed to be D _LL L ⁴. The analytical solution to the stationary diffusion equation describes well the observed radial profiles of the distribution function of energetic protons in Saturn's magnetosphere.     

Influence of Solar Wind Parameters on the Level of Geomagnetic Field Fluctuations

We investigated the dependence of the geomagnetic activity index K _p on the velocity and density of the solar wind and the intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). A three-layer neural network was used to create the model. The degree of the influence of input parameters on K _p was determined by the value of the mean and root-mean square deviations of the model index values from the real indices. It was found that the largest contribution to the K _p index is provided by the Z component of the IMF, the velocity and density of the solar wind measured with a delay from 0 to 3 h relative to the studied value of K _p, and the previous value of the index itself. For the model with such a set of input parameters, the correlation coefficient between model and real series is ±0.89. The analysis of deviations from the real values of K _p showed that high indices are simulated worse than low indices. In order to solve this problem the data distribution was reduced to a uniform distribution over K _p, and this considerably decreased the standard deviations for large values of K _p.     

Determination of quasi-static microaccelerations onboard a satellite using video images of moving objects

A space experiment aimed at determination of quasi-static microaccelerations onboard an artificial satellite of the Earth using video images of the objects executing free motion is considered. The experiment was carried out onboard the Foton M-3 satellite. Several pellets moved in a cubic box fixed on the satellite’s mainframe and having two transparent adjacent walls. Their motion was photographed by a digital video camera. The camera was installed facing one of the transparent walls; a mirror was placed at an angle to another transparent wall. Such an optical system allowed us to have in a single frame two images of the pellets from differing viewpoints. The motion of the pellets was photographed on time intervals lasting 96 s. Pauses between these intervals were also equal to 96 s. A special processing of a separate image allowed us to determine coordinates of the pellet centers in the camera’s coordinate system. The sequence of frames belonging to a continuous interval of photography was processed in the following way. The time dependence of each coordinate of every pellet was approximated by a second degree polynomial using the least squares method. The coefficient of squared time is equal to a half of the corresponding microacceleration component. As has been shown by processing made, the described method of determination of quasi-static microaccelerations turned out to be sufficiently sensitive and accurate.     

Relationship between ionospheric electric fields and magnetic activity indices

The relations between electric fields in the daytime and nighttime sectors of the polar ionosphere and magnetic activity indices of auroral region (AL) and northern polar cap (PCN) are studied. It is found that the above relations do exist and are described by: a) equations U _pc⁽¹⁾ (kV) = 27.62 + 21.43PCN with a correlation coefficient R = 0.87 and U _pc⁽¹⁾ (kV) = 4.06 + 49.21PCN - 6.24 PCN² between the difference in the electric potentials across the polar cap in the daytime sector U _pc⁽¹⁾ and PCN and b) regression equation U _pc⁽²⁾ (kV) = 23.33 + 0.08|AL| with R = 0.86 between the difference in the electric potentials across the polar cap in the nighttime sector U _pc⁽²⁾ and |AL|. It is shown that: a) it is possible to use the AL and PCN indices for real-time diagnostics of instantaneous values of the electric fields in the daytime and nighttime sectors of the polar ionosphere in the process of a substorm development; b) at the expansion phase of a substorm, due to calibration of PCN values by the values of the solar wind electric field E _sw, the PCN index does not feel the contribution of the western electrojet and, accordingly, the contribution of the nighttime ionospheric electric field U _pc⁽²⁾, governed by the reconnection in the magnetospheric tail.     

基于改进二维分形海面模型的分层海面电磁散射分析

用微扰法研究了平面波入射分层介质粗糙面的电磁散射。由改进的二维分形海面模型模拟实际的分层海面,导出了平面波入射时的散射系数计算公式。通过数值计算获得了不同散射角的HH极化双站散射系数,并讨论了中间介质介电常数与厚度、摩擦风速和入射波频率对双站散射系数的影响,得到改进的二维分形分层海面散射系数的基本特征、分区特征和随频率变化的特征。结果表明：散射系数近似具有＂量子化＂特征。     

Simultaneous Response of the Mid-Latitude Ionosphere to a Sudden Commencement of Strong Magnetic Storms

Using the new technology of global GPS detection of ionospheric disturbances (GLOBDET), it is found that a sharp increase of the time derivative of the magnetic field strength during magnetic storms is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of the mid-latitude total electron content (TEC) over the entire dayside of the globe. The corresponding negative correlation coefficient is no less than 0.8, and the delay relative to the sudden commencement of magnetic storm is about 3–10 min. The effect is especially clearly pronounced for magnetic storms with sudden commencements (SSC). The analysis is carried out for a set of 90 to 300 GPS stations for 10 days (January 6 and April 23, 1998; April 6, June 8, July 13, 14, and 15, 2000; March 31, April 4 and 11, 2001) with various levels of geomagnetic activity (D _st and K _p varied from –6 to –295 nT and from 0 to 9, respectively). The amplitude of the response in the total electron content for the events considered was 0.1–0.4 × 10¹⁶ m^–2 (which is a deviation of 0.2–2.6% from the TEC background value). The velocity of the disturbance motion from the dayside to the nightside was about 10–20 km/s. The results obtained agree with the data of ionospheric parameter measurements conducted earlier by methods with high temporal resolution.     

基于有效透气量对火星降落伞气动力系数预测分析

针对火星探测任务中降落伞开伞环境为低密度大气的特点,本文由降落伞气动力系数与透气量关系,提出了通过降落伞有效透气量预测降落伞气动力系数的方法,该方法先由织物透气量试验获取伞衣透气量拟合曲线和透气量常数,再根据风洞试验得到两种有效透气量下的气动力系数,然后由有效透气量插值获取了盘缝带(DGB)伞火星大气条件下气动力系数,并且通过空投试验数据对该方法进行验证。计算结果表明,在火星条件下,降落伞气动力系数与风洞条件下变化趋势基本一致。Ma 0.4工况阻力系数的变化范围为0.583～0.622,Ma 0.8工况阻力系数的变化范围为0.438～0.494。     

全速域可变形飞行器气动布局设计及试验研究

为了解决大空域、宽速域水平起降可重复使用飞行器的气动适应性问题,设计了一种满足高超声速巡航飞行性能的飞行器,为解决该种飞行器地面水平起飞和高速巡航飞行气动性能矛盾的问题,提出了两种变形布局方式——伸缩翼布局和翻转翼布局。通过数值手段比较分析了两种变形布局的低速气动特性,并通过风洞试验对其性能进行了验证。结果表明,在增加相同机翼面积时,伸缩翼在起飞状态增升效率为68%,同时阻力增加35%;翻转翼在起飞状态增升效率为42%,阻力增加15%;伸缩翼布局比翻转翼布局的起飞升力大16%,阻力大20%,伸缩翼布局具有明显的升力优势,说明亚声速状态增加机翼展弦比是增升的有效手段,但同时也带来阻力的增加;鸭翼具有显著的增升效果,起飞状态增升12.8%,同时阻力降低1.4%,纵向压心系数绝对值前移0.48%,有效缓解了起飞状态升力和纵向稳定性的问题。     

金属/水反应冲压发动机进水管路的工作特性

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。进水管路是金属/水反应冲压发动机的一个重要部件。为了研究进水管路的工作特性,在理论分析和一维设计的基础上,设计出某一工作状态下的进水管路结构参数,并进行了数值模拟。结果表明,管路中出现汽蚀现象;随着出口压强的增大,总压损失减小,流量系数减小;随着来流速度的增大,总压损失增大,流量系数先增大后减小;随着工作深度的增加,总压损失增大,流量系数增大。     

理想导体表面电磁散射的高阶微扰解

针对经典微扰法（SPM）求解粗糙表面电磁散射特性存在的问题，提出了一种基于二维表面场的一阶和二阶展开近似高阶微扰算法。用该法计算了高阶表面场分量的全极化后向散射SPM解和二阶场分量对水平极化双站及后向散射系数的修正解。研究了不同粗糙度下掠入射时高阶SPM求解的双站散射系数，以及不同方位角下高阶场量的散射特性。通过对合成场的修正，解决了近掠入射条件下散射系数计算的误差。数值计算结果证明该算法有效。     

空气压强对激光推进器冲量耦合系数影响

设计并加工了激光推进器实验模型,以空气为推进工质,利用脉冲式CO2激光器,研究了空气压强对激光推进器冲量耦合系数影响。实验结果表明,空气压强对激光推进器性能有显著影响。在文中实验条件下,当空气压强大于6 kPa时,激光推进器冲量耦合系数随压强减小而减少较慢;当空气压强小于6 kPa时,激光推进器冲量耦合系数随压强减小而减少很快。     

皮卫星星箭分离动力学模拟及其灵敏度分析

皮卫星能源有限、姿控能力差等特点决定其对星箭分离初始姿态要求较高。在采用自主研发的皮卫星星箭分离机构的基础上，以多体动力学理论为基础，采用ADAMS软件建立了皮卫星及其星箭分离机构虚拟样机模型，分别就皮卫星质心偏离量、分离弹簧与舱门扭簧弹性系数对入轨初始姿态影响展开了分析。分析结果表明：质心偏心量对分离姿态影响最明显，分离弹簧与舱门扭簧弹性系数对其影响次之，合理配置分离弹簧与舱门扭簧弹性系数有利于卫星保持良好的姿态分离。在轨分离试验显示：分离时刻皮卫星滚动角速度、俯仰角速度、偏航角速度分别为-0.18（°）/s，-1.6（°）/s，0.95（°）/s，与在轨环境下仿真结果基本相符；入轨初始姿态能满足皮卫星的姿控要求，为其后续工作提供了保障。     

基于基尔霍夫驻留相位近似法的深粗糙度高斯型粗糙面光散射

推导了基尔霍夫驻留相位近似法理论的计算公式.基于基尔霍夫驻留相位近似法研究了平面波入射深粗糙度高斯型粗糙面的光散射,综合高斯型粗糙面的自相关函数给出了不同极化状态下散射系数的数学表达式.由数值计算获得了不同散射角、散射方位角及入射波波长的双站和单站散射系数,讨论了粗糙面高度起伏均方根、相关长度、介质介电常数和入射波波长...     

以RBCC为动力的巡航飞行器有效载荷质量敏感性分析

基于飞行轨迹及质量分析数学模型,对以RBCC为动力的巡航飞行器有效载荷的敏感性进行了分析,主要考虑了发动机比冲、发射马赫数、发射高度、模态转换点(转换马赫数)及惰性质量系数等对有效载荷质量的影响。分析结果表明,提高发射马赫数和发射高度、增加发动机比冲、降低模态转换马赫数及飞行器惰性质量系数有利于提高巡航飞行器的有效载荷质量。其中有效载荷质量对惰性质量系数最敏感,当惰性质量系数分别减小7.3%和增大7.3%时,有效载荷质量的增大量和减小量将分别达到58%和103.7%。     

中长期轨道预报中大气阻力系数补偿算法的研究

利用地磁平静期的CHAMP卫星精密星历对多个弧段的大气阻力系数进行解算,找到了适用于轨道预报的最优系数,分析了最优阻力系数与地磁指数、迹向残差的关系,利用线性回归分析建立了大气阻力系数补偿算法。针对中长期轨道预报的需求,该算法能够降低定轨弧段较短条件下阻力系数的解算误差。将该补偿算法应用于不同时期CHAMP卫星和天宫一号的轨道预报,验证了该算法的正确性和普遍适用性,结果表明预报精度能够提高20%以上。     

X波段波导端头裂缝的互耦分析

用矩量法(MOM)导出求解X波段波导端头裂缝单元间互耦等效磁流的模型。在此基础上给出了等效磁流在激励和未激励单元内部产生的场、反射系数、驻波系数和两单元间耦合系数等的计算公式。分别在共E、H面条件下分析了两X波段波导端头裂缝互耦的影响,并对单元间不同相对距离和工作频率时的互耦影响规律进行了讨论。研究结果表明,该算法简单,计算值与测试结果吻合较好。     

HTPB推进剂中增塑剂扩散系数计算

针对丁羟推进剂/衬层界面增塑剂的迁移问题,研究增塑剂的扩散特性。采用分子动力学方法模拟增塑剂在丁羟粘合剂体系中的运动,再通过爱因斯坦关系式求得扩散系数;采用对衬层加厚的粘接试件进行加速老化实验方法,再通过费克第二定律计算得到增塑剂的扩散系数;考察不同环境温度和不同增塑剂含量条件下癸二酸二辛酯的扩散系数的变化。分析认为,增塑剂在丁羟粘合体系高分子链段运动产生的间隙中,以"跳跃"方式发生空间位置迁移。结果表明,扩散系数模拟值和实验值基本一致,数量级为10-12m2/s;温度升高,增塑剂运动活性加强,有效活动空间增大,扩散系数增大;粘合体系与增塑剂的共容限量使得增塑剂含量大于3%时,模拟得到的扩散系数依次略有下降。分子动力学方法计算增塑剂扩散系数更具优势。     

锤头体弹性振动跨音速气动阻尼系数的确定

通过研究锤头形运载火箭跨音速飞行时，箭体结构的弹性振动与气体运动的耦合效应，描述了用全弹模型的风洞实验和非定常数值计算、确定气动阻尼系数的技术和方法，分别给出了实验和数值模拟的结果，并对结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，在气动阻尼实验中，模拟低阶固有模态的前节点位置是非常重要的，该方法可以作为研究航天飞行器非定常飞动特性的一种方法。     

Thermoelastic characteristics testing on kevlar samples for spacecraft structures

The tensile properties, the thermal expansion coefficient and the thermal conductivity of woven roving (WR) reinforced Kevlar fabrics were experimentally determined. Theoretical values for tensile Young's modulus were calculated by simulating a fabric as an equivalent cross-ply laminate. As thermal expansion coefficient concerns the fabrics have shown an isotropic behaviour. The thermal conductivity normal to fabric plane has also been determined.