太阳电池对平流层飞艇热特性的影响分析

研究太阳电池对平流层飞艇驻空阶段热特性的影响。建立了太阳电池热模型、平流层飞艇热分析模型，包括热平衡方程、太阳直射辐射、天空散射辐射、地面反射辐射、大气长波辐射、地球长波辐射、蒙皮长波辐射、对流换热等；采用多节点模型，对平流层飞艇在驻空期间太阳电池、蒙皮与艇内氦气温度变化过程进行了数值模拟，得到了温度昼夜变化规律；分析了太阳电池（含隔热结构）的等效面积热阻、转换效率、铺装面积对平流层飞艇热特性的影响，得到了其温度昼夜变化规律。本文为平流层飞艇热性能分析和热控系统设计提供依据。     

平流层飞艇热仿真初步探讨

结合平流层的环境条件和平流层飞艇的特点,文章详细分析了影响飞艇热平衡的基本热源和换热途径,建立了平流层飞艇的传热数学模型,给出了飞艇内表面冷热部分相互之间的辐射换热模型,在此基础上,对于某概念飞艇进行了仿真分析,得出了蒙皮热点、蒙皮冷点以及艇内气体的温度,为进一步开展平流层飞艇的热分析奠定基础。     

平流层飞艇热仿真初步探讨

结合平流层的环境条件和平流层飞艇的特点，文章详细分析了影响飞艇热平衡的基本热源和换热途径，建立了平流层飞艇的传热数学模型，给出了飞艇内表面冷热部分相互之间的辐射换热模型，在此基础上，对于某概念飞艇进行了仿真分析，得出了蒙皮热点、蒙皮冷点以及艇内气体的温度，为进一步开展平流层飞艇的热分析奠定基础。     

平流层飞艇流固耦合分析方法研究

平流层飞艇为了在平流层环境下获得足够的浮力,要求其体积庞大,由于跨度较大的充气柔性气囊结构容易发生变形,使得流固耦合特性非常显著。针对该类飞行器的流固耦合方法的研究是对其流固耦合特性分析的首要条件。本文基于流体动力学计算软件FLUENT和结构动力学分析软件ABAQUS,形成了分析平流层飞艇这类大型柔性充气结构流固耦合特性的非线性动态流体－结构交错积分耦合法。通过充气的圆球薄膜的解析解和NACA65A006机翼颤振特性的实验结果与计算结果的比较对该方法的有效性进行了分析。这为平流层飞艇流固耦合问题的研究提供了一种有效的分析工具,并对某平流层飞艇的突风干扰响应特性进行了分析,得出其流固耦合特性的变化规律。     

平流层飞艇蒙皮材料的研究

文章介绍了飞艇蒙皮材料的组成与选择,并对当前平流层飞艇研制中有关材料方面的某些问题,如飞艇主结构层材料的组成与特性、飞艇内外气囊材料的膜材、纤维的配置织法、主结构纤维的涂层前工艺、飞艇气囊膜片的连接等方面进行了分析与介绍。以供在研制平流层飞艇的膜材时作参考。     

平流层飞艇太阳电池阵发电功率计算及分析

针对圆柱曲面形状的平流层飞艇太阳能电池阵,提出了计算其发电功率的解析表达式;针对任意曲面形状的平流层飞艇太阳能电池阵,提出了一种准确方便的数值计算方法。针对飞艇通常采用的旋转对称组合椭球外形,提出了一种近似解析计算方法,将该解析计算方法和数值计算方法的计算结果进行比较后发现,近似解析方法日发电量计算结果精度可达0.1％,可以替代精确数值方法用于飞艇太阳能系统的设计和分析。最后,对平流层飞艇太阳能电池阵发电功率特性进行了详细分析,得到了平流层飞艇运行的季节、纬度、姿态、电池阵形状和安装位置等因素对其发电功率特性的影响规律。结果表明,以上因素与太阳电池阵面积和光电转化效率一样会对飞艇太阳电池发电功率造成重大影响。     

平流层飞艇优化方法和设计参数敏感性分析

平流层飞艇优化设计对飞艇体积、重量、成本、工作能力、承载能力等有重要影响。提出采用总重最小的优化目标对平流层飞艇进行优化,给出了平流层飞艇总体参数估算方法,建立了平流层飞艇优化流程,编制了计算程序,并对平流层飞艇进行了尺寸优化。分析表明:(1)为达到最小代价(总重或成本)的目标,平流层飞艇设计不能片面追求阻力最小或者浮力最大,应综合考虑浮力与推力,进行尺寸优化;(2)平流层飞艇运行地理纬度、在一年中的运行时段、抗风能力、有效载荷重量、再生燃料电池比能量、蒙皮比重量等参数对飞艇优化设计尺寸有重要的影响。     

平流层飞艇定点保持模式控制方法研究

平流层飞艇作为执行高空长航时任务的平台近年来引起了全球范围的关注。平流层飞艇运行的技术难题之一就是其在定点保持模式下的自主定位和定姿问题。本文率先建立了平流层飞艇定点保持模式的动力学模型,在此基础上,采用李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)稳定性理论针对平流层飞艇定点保持模式的非线性系统设计了一种非线性控制律,并证明了所得到的闭环系统是全局渐近稳定的。通过数学仿真验证了该控制方法对非线性系统控制的有效性。     

平流层飞艇外形气动特性分析

结合某平流层飞艇的外形设计,文章采用数值模拟的方法研究了平流层飞艇外形的气动特性。基于雷诺平均N-S方程,采用非结构网格的有限体积方法进行了求解;空间离散分别采用了Jameson的中心格式和Osher逆风格式,时间离散则采用五步Runge-Kutta格式;紊流模型分别采用了S-A一方程模型M-SST两方程模型。本研究有助于了解平流层飞艇的气动特性及气动外形设计过程中存在的问题,为平流层飞艇设计提供参考依据。     

平流层飞艇蒙皮材料的研究

文章介绍了飞艇蒙皮材料的组成与选择，并对当前平流层飞艇研制中有关材料方面的某些问题，如飞艇主结构层材料的组成与特性、飞艇内外气囊材料的膜材、纤维的配置织法、主结构纤维的涂层前工艺、飞艇气囊膜片的连接等方面进行了分析与介绍。以供在研制平流层飞艇的膜材时作参考。     

Motion of a Planet with a Complex Structure

The motion of a planet consisting of a mantle and a core (solid bodies) connected by a viscoelastic layer and interacting with each other and an external point mass by the law of gravitation is considered. The mutual motions of the core and mantle are investigated assuming that the centers of mass of the planet and external point mass moves along undisturbed Keplerian orbits around the common center of mass of the system. The planetary core and mantle have an axial symmetry and different principal moments of inertia, which leads to a displacement of the center of mantle relative to the center of core and to their mutual rotations. The results obtained on the basis of averaged equations are illustrated by the example of the Earth–Moon system.     

Between a celestial body and a spacecraft: Making the space elevator a success

The space elevator will operate in near-Earth space, under the attraction of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. It will have to avoid collisions with active satellites, with space debris and with meteoroids, not counting other minor adverse phenomena. The exceedingly long cable cannot be a passive and limp body. It must be an active part of the elevator, withstanding lunisolar and other perturbations threatening its stability. The cable must have sensors and thrusters at appropriate locations along the cable. Sensors would serve for detection of objects on a collision course and thrusters for station-keeping and for initiating evasive manoeuvres. Adaptive control must be used for that purpose. Extensive series of numerical simulations will have to be performed to ascertain that the elevator is stable and that possible oscillations do not interfere with the main function of the elevator.     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

拆掉阻挡思维的墙——从航天员教员到模拟航天员的跨界选择

当凭借影片《国王的演讲》获得第83届奥斯卡金像奖最佳男主角的科林·弗斯（ColinFirth），在国际顶级生物学学术期刊《Cell》的子期刊《CurrentBiology》上发表了一篇极为专业的科研论文时，全世界一片哗然，为之震惊!当电影《泰坦尼克号》导演、年届57岁的卡梅隆驾驶单人深潜器下潜至马里亚纳海沟海渊底部的时候，我们看到了一个雄心勃勃的跨界玩家。为什么时下如此多的人开始拆掉阻挡思维的墙？因为界外的世界很精彩!     

某型卫星有效载荷支架振动抑制

某型号卫星的有效载荷支架结构在验收级振动试验时振动超标。在对结构不做大的修改的前提下，采用约束阻尼层用对原结构进行处理。对不同的约束阻尼层方案采用有限元方法进行计算，综合考虑各种影响因素，如阻尼比和附加质量等，得到合理的约束阻尼减振方案，并在结构星上进行试验，确定最终实施方案。实施方案后，正样星在0．1g振动条件下，最大振动幅值下降了22．3％，保证了卫星的顺利发射。该卫星已经成功发射，并且在轨运行正常。该问题的成功解决和解决问题的方法与过程为今后解决类似问题提供了经验。     

Equilibrium positions of a weight on a cable fixed to a dumbbell-shaped space station moving along a circular geocentric orbit

The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable).     

一个带间隙连接结构对梁基频漂移影响研究

文章以一端夹支、另一端带套筒连接结构的梁作为研究对象,通过在连接结构中引入间隙非线性因素,分别研究了在连接结构处有无预紧力两种情况时在均布载荷作用下梁的非线性幅频响应。同时,利用改进的振型转化法及连续振型法对系统进行建模,采用伽辽金近似得到系统的非线性受迫振动方程;针对实际算例,用龙格-库塔法得到了其数值解,讨论了此算例梁的频率漂移结果,从而得到了对研究航天器地面振动试验中的频率漂移现象有价值的结论。     

Navigation Solution to Maneuver a Spacecraft Relative to a Sphere Centered on a Cooperative Satellite

A differential correction algorithm is presented to deliver an impulsive maneuver to a satellite to place it within a sphere, with a user defined radius, centered around a non-maneuvering satellite within a constrained time. The differential correction algorithm develops and utilizes the State Transition Matrix along with the Equations of Motion and multiple satellite?s state information to determine the optimum trajectory to achieve the desired results. The results from the differential correction algorithm are very accurate for prograde orbits, as presented. The results allow for orbit design trade-offs, including satellites? initial inclinations, semi-major axes, as well as the ballistic coefficients. The results also provide an empirical method to determine the optimum ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ solution for the provided problem. Understanding that the minimum fuel solution lies with a semi-major axis ratio of 1, a very accurate empirical approximation is presented for semi-major axis ratio values less than and greater than 1. This work ultimately provides the generalized framework for applying the algorithm to a unique user defined maneuvering spacecraft scenario.     

Station keeping of a solar sail around a Halo orbit

Solar sails are a concept of spacecraft propulsion that takes advantage of solar radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft. Although the thrust provided by a solar sail is small it is constant and unlimited. This offers the chance to deal with novel mission concept. In this work we want to discuss the controllability of a spacecraft around a Halo orbit by means of a solar sail. We will describe the natural dynamics for a solar sail around a Halo orbit. By natural dynamics we mean the behaviour of the trajectory of a solar sail when no control on the sail orientation is applied. We will then discuss how a sequence of changes on the sail orientation will affects the sail's trajectory, and we will use this information to derive efficient station keeping strategies. Finally we will check the robustness of these strategies including different sources of errors in our simulations.