硝酸羟胺主成分及其杂质分析

研究了硝酸羟胺(HAN)主成分及其部分杂质的仪器分析方法：重氮偶联显色分光光度法测定其主成分硝酸羟胺；纳氏试剂分光光度法测定HAN中杂质硝酸铵；原子吸收光谱法测定HAN中铁、锰、铜、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、镍、铬、钡、铅、钛等金属杂质。试验结果表明，该方法灵敏度高、简单快速。     

多元素植物营养液

航空航天部华北地区航天技术交流站北京航远综合技术开发公司,在研究国内外多种配方的基础上,最近开发了一种“多元素植物营养液”,已在京郊和中南、华东等地试用,已经收到良好的效果。这种营养液按精确配比含富量元素氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、硫及微量元     

航天食品非一般的选择

航天食品 航天食品是供航天员在太空飞行中食用的食品。它是根据航天生活所处的特殊环境，结合航天员在太空的口味和消化吸收能力，以及特殊进食方式而精心研制的。因此，航天食品是为特定的环境下和特定的人群研制出的一种特殊食物。这种食品是根据合乎膳食标准的航天食谱制成的，其中包含人体每天所需的蛋白质、脂肪和醣等营养元素，并保证含有钙、磷、镁、钾等主要无机元素．还含有铁、锌、硒、碘等微量元素，以及两种脂溶性维生素（维生素A和E）和各种水溶性维生素（维生素B族和C等）。     

信使号探测器再次飞越水星获新发现

2008年10月29日，NASA公布信使号探测器（Messenger）10月6日第2次飞掠水星的观测结果，对水星表面此前未被观测面积的约30％进行了拍摄，共拍摄了1200多幅水星表面照片。激光高度计获得水星的地形测量数据，分光计也对水星大气层最外圈进行观测，并搜寻到钠、钙、镁和氢原子的踪迹，其中镁是首次发现。通过对比信使号2次飞掠所得的水星磁气圈观测数据，     

零重力运动模拟跑台

失重环境下，人体产生力量的肌肉和骨架失去用武之地，肌肉会逐渐萎缩，钙、磷、镁等元素流失；重新回到重力环境后，人容易发生骨折，这些都可归入“航天运动病”。这些生理病症如同达摩克利斯宝剑，时刻悬在太空旅行者的头顶。     

原子吸收光谱法测定热电池隔离粉中镁

提出用一氧化二氮－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定热电池隔离粉中镁。介绍镁的最佳测定条件并具有良好线性范围的浓度，并对样品消化处理条件、干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好，同时具有方法步骤简单、操作容易掌握等特点，达到了实验室分析质量控制的要求。     

热电池DEB粉中钾含量的测定方法

研究与动用空气－－乙炔（Ａｉｒ－Ｃ２Ｈ２）火焰原子吸收光谱法测定热电池正极粉（ＤＥＢ）中的钾含量。同时介绍了最佳测定条件及呈良好线性范围的浓度，对干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法灵敏度高、干扰小、选择性和重现性好。对样品进行１０次测定的结果表明：方法的相对标准偏差均小于１．０％，标准加入回收率在９８％￣１０２％范围内。完全适用于热电池ＤＥＢ粉中的钾含量的测定。     

镁,锰元素超标对ZL104机械性能的影响及热处理工艺调整对策

阐述了Ａｌ－Ｓｉ系ＺＬ１０４铝合金镁、锰元素超标，对合金内部组织和机械性能的影响，通过试验，调整热处理工艺，可改善内部组织，使其机械性能达到Ｔ６状态指标。     

航空航天用高强度Mg-RE系合金的研究进展

近年来，镁稀土合金由于其高强度、低密度和高温性能良好等特点，在追求轻量化的航空航天产业当中受到越来越多的关注。总结当前主流的2系高强度Mg-RE合金(Mg-Gd和Mg-Y系合金)的性能特点、强化机制和研究进展，简要介绍其他Mg-RE合金的研究情况，最后回顾镁稀土合金在航空航天领域的应用。     

泡沫镁的制备及应用前景

泡沫镁材料是一种极具潜力的新型材料,相比于实体金属镁和泡沫铝材料有许多特殊性能,然而国内对泡沫镁材料的研究相对较少。为方便学者对泡沫镁材料进行研究,简要介绍了泡沫镁材料的几种性能特点,论述了渗流铸造法、熔模铸造法、粉末冶金法、熔体发泡法、金属-气体共晶定向凝固法等几种重要的泡沫镁材料制备方法的工艺原理和优缺点。列举了国内外制备泡沫镁材料的一些实例,从泡沫镁材料的阻尼性能、吸能性能、仿生性能、散热性能等方面着重分析了泡沫镁材料在航空航天、生物医学、散热器、汽车等领域的应用前景。     

Mineral and nitrogen balance study: results of metabolic observations on Skylab II 28-day orbital mission

Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures.     

火箭发动机试验红外测温技术应用

目前发动机试验温度参数主要采用接触式测量方法,测温元件直接与被测对象相接触,优点是测量精度高,缺点是试验过程传感器经常损坏或脱落,且高温和腐蚀性介质影响感温元件的性能和寿命。根据发动机试验任务的要求和液体火箭发动机试验的特点,结合先进的分布式无接触式测量及光纤传输的技术,设计并建立了红外热成像测量系统。该系统采用无损、无线测量及光纤传输方式,提高了发动机热试车恶劣环境条件下关键部位温度参数的获得率,为全面研究发动机工作过程温度场分布情况奠定基础。     

SINS空中初始对准滤波器的设计

论述了一种捷联惯导系统（ＳＩＮＳ）空中对准的方法，它通过适当地增加卡尔曼滤波器系统方程中的白噪声来补偿由模型简化而带来的系统噪声，并通过大幅度的机动来克服外界环境的干扰。仿真表明，它不仅能在较短的对准时间内获得高对准精度，而且对系统噪声和环境噪声有很强的鲁棒性。     

氧对硝基甲烷快速反应产物辐射特性的影响

本文利用我们研制的激波管技术和光谱测量技术研究了不同配比下硝基甲烷与氧混合物快速反应中间产物及最终产物的辐射特性。研究发现：当混合物中的氧含量增加时，无论是快速反应的中间产物还是最终产物，它们的辐射强度都呈起伏状变化。这种多峰现象明显不同于其它含能材料。     

Effect of potassium and calcium loading on healthy subjects under hypokinesia and physical exercise with fluid and salt supplements

The objective of this investigation was to determine the acute responses to the electrolyte challenges under hypokinesia and physical exercise (PE) of different intensities with fluid and salt supplementation (FSS). The studies were performed on 12 physically healthy male volunteers aged 19-24 years under 364 days of hypokinesia (decreased number of steps per day) with a set of PE with FSS. The volunteers were divided into two equal groups. The first group was subjected to a set of intensive PE and the second group was submitted to a set of moderate PE. Both groups of subjects consumed daily water and salt supplements that aimed to increase the body hydration level. For simulation of the hypokinetic effect all subjects were kept under an average of 3000 steps per day. Functional tests with a potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium lactate (Cal) load were performed during the hypokinetic period of 364 days and the 60-day, prehypokinetic period that served as control, while both groups of subjects consumed daily calcium and potassium supplements. The concentration of electrolyte and hormone levels in the blood and their excretion rate in urine were determined. Renal excretion of calcium and potassium and the blood concentration thereof increased markedly in both groups of subjects. With the potassium chloride load tests the increased potassium excretion was accompanied by higher aldosterone and insulin blood levels, and with the calcium lactate load tests the increased calcium excretion was accompanied by a decreased parathyroid content in the blood. FSS and PE, regardless of intensity, failed to attenuate calcium and potassium losses. Additional intake of KCl and Cal also failed to normalize potassium and calcium abnormalities. It was concluded that during the KCl and Cal loading tests, the increased losses of potassium and calcium in the hypokinetic subjects were due to the inability of their bodies to retain these electrolytes, and that electrolyte abnormalities could not be reversed by PE or rehydration in individuals subjected to prolonged restriction of motor activity.     

纤维直径激光检测系统

本文报导了一个主要用于增强材料——纤维直径测量的激光检测系统。该系统采用微机控制的步进计数测长装置测量纤维的衍射条纹尺寸,并通过极值探测的仿真处理,修正了高达被测值(3～5.67)％的原理误差,从而实现了纤径的高精度、智能化的自动测量。本文介绍了该系统的测量原理,描述了检测系统的构成并给出了极值探测仿真的方法。     

107铸铝中铁含量的测定

为了弄清铸铝中的铁含量，通过实验并绘制了铁的吸收曲线和工作曲线，并对干扰元素进行实验，与原子吸收分析方法所得的结果进行比较，测定了回收率，并计算了精密度、相对偏差、标准偏差，对试样１０７铸铝用邻菲序啉比色法进行了测定。叙述了完整的分析程序。     

半导体热敏电阻测温传感器分析

介绍了半导体热敏电阻测量传感器的结构，特性，线性化方法，讨论了敏感元件的性能。指出了由于线路的工作电流大，产生自发热现象引起的测温误差，从理论上推导了测温线路的灵敏度和误差源。     

Ion regulatory function of the human kidney in prolonged space flights.

Ten cosmonauts, who performed 30-175-day space flights aboard Salyut-4 and Salyut-6, and over 60 test subjects who were exposed to bed rest of up to 182 days and immersion of up to 56 days, were examined. The renal excretion of potassium and calcium increased, reaching a maximum by the 4-6th weeks in prolonged space flights and simulation studies. During the load tests with potassium and calcium salt, excretion postflight was much higher than preflight. During potassium chloride load tests a positive correlation between the blood content of aldosterone and potassium excretion existed, whereas during calcium lactate load tests an increased calcium excretion was accompanied by a decrease in blood parathyroid hormone concentration. The most probable cause of the negative ion balance in weightlessness is the reduced capacity of tissues to retain electrolytes due to the decreased ion pool capacity. Different exercises have been shown to exert a beneficial effect on electrolyte metabolism.