高灵敏GPS接收机抗干扰特性研究

采用圆环阵列天线,利用最小规范算法和线性约束最小方差算法对弱GPS信号的干扰信号进行了抑制,并分别针对固定和可变天线阵元数目以及固定和可变干扰信号等多种情况进行了仿真和分析.GPS信号的功率电平假设为-175dBW,干扰信号的功率值在-100dBW～-140dBW范围内可变.仿真结果表明,圆环天线阵列能精确地判定干扰信号的来波方向,该方法能很好地改善对来波干扰信号的赋零深度.     

外涵偏轴分开排气喷管的流场和声场数值计算

以某型涡扇发动机为原型,建立了1/10缩比的分开排气式涡扇发动机排气喷管物理模型,采用大涡模拟(LES)计算了不同外涵偏轴距离的排气喷管非稳态流场,利用FW-H(Ffows Williams-Hawkings)声学模型和傅里叶变换得到了排气喷流噪声声压级空间分布特征.计算结果表明:外涵偏轴式分开排气喷管有抑制排气喷流噪声的作用.喷流噪声整体抑制效果与偏轴距离有关,在偏轴距离为0.15D时,排气喷管下方的噪声降低达到最大,且排气噪声峰值由原型的146.7dB降低到139.5dB,降低了7.2dB.研究的排气结构和数值计算方法可作为分开排气式涡扇发动机降噪设计的参考.      

高速数传中继系统返向链路脆弱性分析与电路级仿真

建立了美国TDRSS前向链路与返向星间链路信号模型，提出了TDRSS链路薄弱环节分析方法，对返向宽带数传星间链路的抗干扰能力进行了理论推导。建立了基于微波测量仪器的半物理仿真平台，该平台以物理设备为基础搭建仿真环境，利用数字模型连接各物理设备，通过修改参数可对高速数传中继系统星间链路的抗干扰能力进行电路级仿真。仿真结果表明，高速数传星间链路是TDRSS最薄弱的环节，当宽带阻塞式干扰、窄带瞄准式干扰信号到达TDRS卫星接收端的干信比分别达到-5．8dB、-8．8dB时，接收数据的比特误码率将达到10^-3,信号已经无法再使用。     

基于相减式信号抵消的带内隐藏干扰检测

为实现对通信信号的实时监测,提出一种带内隐藏干扰检测方法。该方法先利用解调结果重构期望信号,然后通过时延估计及自适应滤波使其与接收信号中的有用信号在时间、幅度和相位上尽量保持一致,最后利用相减式信号抵消技术将其从接收信号中消除,能够在不中断通信业务的前提下检测出信号带宽内隐藏的干扰。仿真结果表明,当信干比不低于6 dB、信噪比不低于3 dB时,期望信号、干扰信号与各自原信号的相似系数均能达到0.9以上,提取的干扰信号非常准确。将利用文中方法估计出的干扰抵消后,信号的星座图也得到了显著的收敛。     

一种无人机定距盘旋跟踪制导律及稳定性证明

对地面目标的定距盘旋跟踪问题是无人机（UAVs）在任务应用阶段需要面临的重要问题之一,如何在传感器信息受限的情况下完成跟踪任务是目前的研究热点。首先针对地面固定目标设计了一种仅依赖测距传感器的制导律,不再需要传统的视线角信号以及目标和无人机自身的定位信息;其次,设计了李雅普诺夫函数对该制导律的稳定性进行了严格数学证明;最后,将该制导律推广到对地面匀速和变速移动目标的跟踪制导。相比于现有制导律,所提出的制导律结构更为简洁,仅有一个设计参数,并且制导策略更为合理。仿真结果表明所提出的制导律能够实现无人机对地面固定和移动目标的稳定跟踪。     

后视镜罩边缘结构对流场和气动噪声的影响

采用大涡模拟(LES)的计算方法,对车外后视镜不同边缘结构引起的外部流场和镜后车身表面监测点处的气动噪声进行了数值仿真.研究表明:不同的镜罩边缘结构在较大程度上影响了流经后视镜罩的气流速度和流线方向,对后视镜后部流场和监测点处声压级产生较大影响.相较于原模型的光滑边缘结构,模型1后部流场涡团更远离车身表面,有利于降低气动噪声,某监测点1/3倍频程中心频率处声压级最大降幅接近10dB;模型2后部流场涡团产生分离,并更靠近车身表面,反而使气动噪声增大.模型1的镜罩边缘结构改进方案对车外后视镜-A柱区域的流场和气动噪声都有较好的改善.     

基于解重扩算法的GPS抗干扰实时接收机研究

提出了一种基于解重扩算法的GPS抗干扰实时接收机系统的硬件实现方案。此方案充分利用解重扩算法和GPS接收机的特点,将两者紧密耦合,并根据FPGA和DSP的不同性能,实现了资源的合理配置。实测数据验证表明,该系统不仅能够抑制干扰信号,而且可对卫星信号产生较大增益,实现多波束抗干扰。     

星载全空间可见GPS接收系统定位精度分析及验证

针对低轨空间科学卫星在轨任意姿态无固定对天面造成的无法连续GPS(Global Positioning System,全球定位系统)定位的问题,在HXMT(Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope,硬X射线调制望远镜)卫星中提出了星载全空间可见的GPS接收系统,并指出了双天线多径干扰对定位精度的影响。建立模型,对双天线下主瓣直达信号和后瓣镜像干扰信号叠加合成的信号进行定位精度分析,结果表明,空间中83.3%以上的GPS卫星信号对该系统带来的定位误差影响不大于单天线的定位误差影响。通过半物理动态仿真验证以及外场试验进行验证,实际工程测试数据结果表明采用剔星策略后定位精度提高约13.4%。从而证明了星载全空间可见的GPS接收系统方案的正确性,并可广泛应用于工程实际。     

基于数字信号处理的自适应旁瓣对消系统设计与仿真

自适应旁瓣对消技术(ASLC)是雷达抗有源干扰的有效方法.它是采用空间滤波技术,通过辅助通道在干扰方向上形成波束图的零点来实现对干扰信号的抑制.本文介绍了自适应旁瓣对消的原理,然后给出了基于DSP的ASLC实现方案,最后通过仿真分析了自适应旁瓣对消的性能.     

自适应滤波抑制电子设备窄带干扰的研究

针对电子设备内部、外部普遍存在的窄带干扰问题,提出了采用自适应滤波的手段抑制这种干扰信号的设想,分析了其抑制扩频信号多窄带干扰的性能,并对其做出了理论论证。     

Results from a Four-Element Adaptive Antenna Experiment

Experimental results from a four-element, linear, half-wavelength spacing, adaptive-array antenna under the control of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm are presented. The array is found to be capable of nulling a 70-MHz signal to -35 dB below a desired signal over a 5-MHz bandwidth. The antenna processing gain is constant over a desired signal-to-jammer signal power ratio range from -20 dB to 5 dB. A sharp reduction in processing gain is observed for angular separations between jammer and desired signal of less than 10°. Antenna patterns taken with weights set in 300 iterations of the LMS algorithm show that the one strong, one weak jammer combination has a longer weight convergence time and reduced processing gain compared with a two strong jammers combination. Contours of constant desired signal-to-jammer signal power ratio, after adaptive antenna processing, reveal a complex shape for communication between air and ground due to the finite angular resolution of the adaptive antenna.     

Application of the Normalized LMS Algorithm to MSLC

For some conditions, the convergence time of the conventional LMS algorithm is longer than the radar dwell time so that the MSLC technique does not cancel jammers. The convergence time depends upon the power and angular locations of the jammers. The normalized LMS technique can decrease convergence times by several orders of magnitude. It causes the convergence time to be essentially independent of the jammer powers and decreases the convergence time dependence upon location. The derivation of an exact first moment analysis of the weights for the normalized LMS algorithm is given. Simulation results are also given. There is excellent agreement between the two.     

A Fast Beamforming Algorithm for Large Arrays

This beamforming algorithm is written specifically for array radars in which the number of array elements K is very large compared with the number of jammers L the radar is designed to suppress. It uses a set of M noise vectors to construct a basis for the jammer component of the antenna output vectors. The component of the quiescent weight vector orthogonal to each basis vector is calculated, renormalized to unit length, and identified as the adapted weight vector. This algorithm is effective in the suppression of many types of jammers. The number of noise samples M required in the construction of the adapted weight vector is approximately equal to L. In the special case of L narrowband noise jammers, for example, a choice of M = L usually reduces the receiver output jammer power to a few dBs above the white noise background. It is permissible to have M相似文献   

STAP for GPS receiver synchronization

A space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm for delay tracking and acquisition of the GPS signature sequence with interference rejection capability is developed. The interference can consist of both broadband and narrowband jammers, and is mitigated in two steps. The narrowband jammers are modelled as vector autoregressive (VAR) processes and rejected by temporal whitening. The spatial ing is implicitly achieved by estimating a sample covariance matrix and feeding its inverse into the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF estimates of the code delay and the fading channel are used for a t-test for acquisition detection. Computer simulations demonstrate robust performance of the algorithm in severe jamming, and also show that the algorithm outperforms the conventional delay-locked loop (DLL).     

New approach for suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers

A new approach is proposed for the suppression of FM jammers in C/A code GPS receivers. This approach is based on the cascading of the augmented-state approximate conditional mean (ASACM) filter and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) filter. An ASACM filter for single interference suppression in spread-spectrum systems has been reported in the recent literature. However, the formulation of the ASACM filter and its performance analysis is lacking in the case of suppression of multiple FM interferences. The ASACM filter is formulated here for the suppression of multiple FM jammers. Further, a DWT filter using biorthogonal wavelet is suggested for the suppression of FM jammers. Finally, these two filters are cascaded to get an optimum performance for higher jammer to signal ratio, which is of importance in the GPS, for the case of suppression of multiple FM jammers. The performance of the proposed filters is analyzed through simulation examples for the suppression of single and multiple FM jammers in GPS receivers     

Moving scanning emitter tracking by a single observer using time of interception: Observability analysis and algorithm

The target motion analysis (TMA) for a moving scanning emitter with known fixed scan rate by a single observer using the time of interception (TOI) measurements only is investigated in this paper.By transforming the TOI of multiple scan cycles into the direction difference of arrival (DDOA) model,the observability analysis for the TMA problem is performed.Some necessary conditions for uniquely identifying the scanning emitter trajectory are obtained.This paper also proposes a weighted instrumental variable (WIV) estimator for the scanning emitter TMA,which does not require any initial solution guess and is closed-form and computationally attractive.More importantly,simulations show that the proposed algorithm can provide estimation mean square error close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) at moderate noise levels with significantly lower estimation bias than the conventional pseudo-linear least square (PLS) estimator.     

Velocity estimation of fast moving targets using a single SAR sensor

A new methodology is presented to retrieve slant-range velocity estimates of moving targets inducing Doppler-shifts beyond the Nyquist limit determined by the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The proposed approach exploits the linear dependence (not subject to PRF limitations) of the Doppler-shift with respect to the slant-range velocity, at each wavelength. Basically, we propose an algorithm to compute the skew of the two-dimensional spectral signature of a moving target. Distinctive features of this algorithm are its ability to cope with strong range migration and its efficiency from the computational point of view. By combining the developed scheme to retrieve the slant-range velocity with a methodology proposed earlier to estimate the velocity vector magnitude, the full velocity vector is unambiguously retrieved without increasing the mission PRF. The method gives effective results even when the returned echoes of the moving targets and the static ground overlap completely, provided that the moving targets signatures are digitally spotlighted and the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) is, roughly, greater than 14 dB. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated with simulated and real data. As an example, slant-range velocities of moving objects with velocities between 6 and 12 times the Nyquist velocity are estimated with accuracy better than 3%.     

Inflight path planning replacing pure collision avoidance, usingADS-B

This paper proposes a method of collision avoidance planning using automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) and dynamic programming (DP). It in essence allows air traffic control (ATC) within the cockpit for remote or uncontrolled airspace and is a step toward Free Flight. This paper reviews the approach to collision avoidance in the aircraft industry and to similar problems in other industries. DP is one solution method used in other industries for the problem of path planning to avoid collisions with fixed obstacles. The solution proposed here for the aircraft case uses DP applied to the moving obstacle case. The problem is first simplified by assuming fixed obstacles for the cost minimisation algorithms. These fixed obstacles are then moved with time and the minimisation process is started again. Although this method works well in most cases, situations can be constructed where this method fails, allowing a collision. A modified approach is proposed, where the movement of obstacles is included more explicitly in the cost minimisation algorithm. This modification allows solutions which are complete and ensures safe maneuvres and should be considered as an aid to the Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)     

A fast adaptive null-steering algorithm based on output powermeasurements

Presented and investigated here is a simple and fast adaptive algorithm for linear power inversion arrays whose nulls can be accurately steered by controlling the element weights. Based on measurements of the powers of the three signals derived from the array output and the output of an auxiliary beamformer, the algorithm tracks unknown jammers in the environment by steering the nulls of the array one by one in a cyclical time-multiplexed manner. When compared with the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, the proposed algorithm has about the same implementation complexity, a better convergence behavior and the advantage that nulls are directly available