地形提示和警告系统研究

地形提示和警告系统(TAWS)能够有效地避免可控撞地事故(CFIT)的发生,极大地提高了民用飞机飞行的安全性。目前,国外对TAWS的研究和应用比较成熟,而国内仍处于起步阶段。结合作者在设计中积累的经验,首先介绍了近地警告系统(GPWS)的功能特点,通过分析GPWS的应用局限性,给出了TAWS系统的发展历程。对TAWS的主要功能和应用进行了深入研究,重点分析了TAWS的前视功能。并在此基础上,给出了TAWS系统在实际应用过程中的优点和尚待解决的问题。最后,提出了适应民航系统未来发展的新一代TAWS系统的发展趋势。     

GPWS方式2数学模型的建立

在研究了机载语音近地警告系统(GPWS)的基础上,建立了方式2的数学模型,弥补了在研究GPWS系统时没有数学模型的不足。方式2的警戒与警告具有特殊性,警戒区是实边界,具有确定的函数关系;警告区是虚边界,函数不确定,是由程序根据时间数据和高度数据自动判断的。该数学模型对加深语音警告系统的理解、培训、开发以及维护提供了一个新的视角。     

近地告警系统飞行试验技术

介绍了GPWS的发展历程及我国自主研制的某型EGPWS的组成和功能,分析了试飞风险和应采取的安全措施,详细阐述了飞行试验的方法,并给出了实际试飞结果,可为我国民机GPWS产品适航性试飞提供借鉴。     

大型民机进近着陆段异常能量风险判据研究

根据大型民机事故统计，进近着陆阶段事故率最高，而其中大部分事故首先表现出异常能量状态，并演变成失控、重着陆、擦尾、冲出跑道等事故类型，或者呈现复飞失败。在归纳上述五类终端事故类型作为重点关注对象基础上，建立典型大型民机飞行数值仿真平台，使用随机模拟和相关性分析方法研究能量状态参数偏离导致进近着陆风险的影响规律。在此基础上，根据仿真结果给出了由关键能量参数确定的能量状态安全边界，可建立不同风场条件及可能的复飞油门下由空速-下滑角参数构成的异常能量预警判据，对于异常能量导致的进近着陆风险预警具有准确性和非保守性。研究结果可为大型民机进近着陆过程的风险预警以及相关飞行控制功能设计提供方法基础。     

GPWS汉语语音模拟装置的研究

设计了一个低成本的GPWS汉语语音模拟装置,使之按照同样的规律,输出汉语语音信息。模拟装置逻辑处理单元选用了国产BASIC语言单片机PS1008;语音部分采用新型语音芯片ISD1420。经过与某型飞机的机载GPWS系统对比发现,模拟装置的语音更清晰易辩,静噪更小。此模拟装置可以根据需要,录制与输出其他语种的语言。     

民用飞机进近着陆阶段灾难事故类型预测

为减少民用飞机进近着陆阶段发生灾难事故,给出了1985年至2013年灾难性事故样本,获得了3种主要事故类型和14种关键致因。提出了一种灾难事故类型的预测方法,建立了事故类型预测流程,样本事故致因作为输入层,样本事故类型作为输出层,基于BP神经网络和Elman神经网络进行多次训练和仿真。结果表明,预测的事故类型与实际情况基本吻合。针对事故致因有效判断民用飞机在进近着陆阶段潜在事故,给出纠正措施,保障航空运行安全。     

Three-dimensional target motion analysis using angle and frequency measurements

It is well known that passive target tracking by a single observer, commonly referred to as target motion analysis (TMA), can be done using angle and/or frequency measurements. Depending on the measurement set, different passive tracking procedures result: angle-only tracking (AOT), frequency-only tracking (FOT), and angle/frequency tracking (AFT). Whereas the two-dimensional passive tracking problem has been solved for a multitude of scenarios, thus giving a good insight into the parametric dependences, the three-dimensional problem has been discussed only in a few specific cases. To get a deeper insight into the parametric dependences of three-dimensional TMA, this work analyzes AOT and AFT in typical three-dimensional Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) scenarios. A Cramer Rao (CR) analysis of the problem reveals the parametric dependences of both methods and gives a clear idea of the increase in estimation accuracy by using AFT instead of AOT. The results obtained in this way are well confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations taking maximum likelihood (ML) as estimation procedure.     

飞错高度原因及其防范措施

针对飞错高度这一导致空中危险接近、空中相撞、可控飞行撞地等一系列事故或事故征候的主要根源，通过对具体实例和数据进行分析，找出飞错高度的原因，归纳飞错高度类型，并提出一系列避免措施，以期减少或消除因高度错误而造成的飞行事故征候或飞行事故率。从根本上提高飞行安全性。     

近地告警系统报警阈值算法研究

近地告警系统的报警阈值的设定是研究告警系统技术过程中的一个重要问题。本文给出一种状态空间下的基于报警系统复杂性能指标的报警阈值的设计方法,该方法利用预先定义的包含不确定因素的轨迹模型,权衡报警和无报警之间的关系,以此来设定合适的报警阈值;最后,以近地告警系统模式1的阈值设置为例,在MATLAB环境中用Monte Carlo方法进行计算机仿真,验证了该报警系统阈值的设计方法。     

A Twin-CME Scenario for Ground Level Enhancement Events

Ground Level Enhancement (GLEs) events are extreme Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. Protons in these events often reach ～GeV/nucleon. Understanding the underlying particle acceleration mechanism in these events is a major goal for Space Weather studies. In Solar Cycle 23, a total of 16 GLEs have been identified. Most of them have preceding CMEs and in-situ energetic particle observations show some of them are enhanced in ICME or flare-like material. Motivated by this observation, we discuss here a scenario in which two CMEs erupt in sequence during a short period of time from the same Active Region (AR) with a pseudo-streamer-like pre-eruption magnetic field configuration. The first CME is narrower and slower and the second CME is wider and faster. We show that the magnetic field configuration in our proposed scenario can lead to magnetic reconnection between the open and closed field lines that drape and enclose the first CME and its driven shock. The combined effect of the presence of the first shock and the existence of the open close reconnection is that when the second CME erupts and drives a second shock, one finds both an excess of seed population and an enhanced turbulence level at the front of the second shock than the case of a single CME-driven shock. Therefore, a more efficient particle acceleration will occur. The implications of our proposed scenario are discussed.     

Strategy of GPR Searching for Low Radar Contrast Plastic Pipes in Ground

The results of computer simulation of pulse signal scattering by a plastic pipe buried in the ground as well as simulation results of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) image of ground-filled trenches have been represented in the work. The "skeleton diagram" of a trench image has been developed. The strategy of GPR searching for low radar contrast plastic pipes in ground (in back-filled trenches) has been considered on the basis of indirect criterion which is the existence of a trench containing buried pipes.     

空中机器人飞行平台设计与分析

空中机器人指能够实现自主或者半自主飞行的无人飞行器,一般还具有一定的自主执行任务能力.自主特性减少了其对地面站的依赖,但同时要求飞行平台有良好的操纵性和稳定性,飞行高效、安全、可靠.本文介绍了空中机器人的种类、实用价值和使用要求,并为此设计了一款飞行平台,论述了该飞行平台总体设计与分析的方法.以此为基础搭建的"哨兵"无人机系统,在2005"枭龙杯"中国空中机器人中大赛表现不凡,获得固定翼5公斤级亚军、飞行器系统设计一等奖的优异成绩.本文的计算结果在无人机系统试飞和比赛中都得到了验证.     

The Time Structure of Ground Level Enhancements in?Solar Cycle 23

In a recent paper McCracken et al. (J. Geophys. Res. 113:A12101, 2008) proposed that the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) of 20 January 2005 may have been produced by more than one acceleration mechanism, with the first acceleration due to the solar flare and the second one due to the CME associated with that event. They also noted several other GLEs with similar multiple pulse structures. This paper systematically investigates all the GLEs of solar cycle 23, from GLE 55 on 6 November 1997 to GLE 70 on 13 December 2006, to study their morphology and pulse structure, and to determine whether the multiple structures that may be found in these events are qualitatively similar to that of the GLE of 20 January 2005. We use all the data of all NMs that saw each event, to have as much directional and spectral information as possible. It is shown that three of these 16 events do contain such double-pulse structures, and the properties of these three are discussed in some detail.     

民用飞机失速尾旋(螺旋)事故

尾旋是飞机在失速后发生的一种特殊的旋转运动,此飞行状况常常导致飞机的失控坠毁,所以民用飞机在飞行中不允许出现尾旋。但由于种种原因,民用飞机尾旋事故还是时有发生。收集了以往民用飞机发生尾旋事故的实例,详细呈现了飞机尾旋的大致过程,为避免尾旋事故的发生提供参考依据。     

The Orbiting Geophysical Observatories

The Orbiting Geophysical Observatories and the supporting ground checkout equipment, data acquisition and tracking stations and data processing equipment are designed to conduct large numbers of diverse experiments in space. Measurements will be made within the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, exosphere, magnetosphere, and in cislunar space to obtain a better understanding of earth-sun relationships and of the earth as a planet. Configured to meet scientific requirements, the observatories include six booms to support detectors away from disturbances generated in the main body. Five degrees of freedom allow the orientation of experiments relative to three references — the earth, the sun, and the orbital plane. Power, thermal control, and data handling subsystems provide for the proper operation of the experiments and telemetry of the data. Ground stations receive these data, which are then processed into a form suitable for use by the experimenters. The systems have been designed to make available a standard spacecraft and support equipment which can be used repeatedly to carry large numbers of easily integrated experiments in a wide variety of orbits.     

基元事件分析法

航空事故的发生是航空系统存在缺陷的反映。为了发现、分析系统的缺陷，人们发展了一些事故分析统计方法。“基元事件分析法”不仅分析了事故的原因，而且指出了预防这类事故的办法，文章论述了该方法的结构特点，给出了部分事故的分析统计结果     

Applications and frustrations in using ground penetrating radar

In this paper the author concentrates on the narrow portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from a few MHz to a few GHz where geophysicists used ground penetrating radar which is sometimes called georadar, ground probing radar, or subsurface radar. Ground penetrating radar is deployed today from the space shuttle, aircraft, on the surface, in and between boreholes and sometimes from within or between mine shafts. The author discusses these applications and some of the problems involved     

Automated Configuration Management on a DOD Satellite Ground System

An automated Configuration Management System (CMS) was developed at General Electric and is in use on a DOD Satellite Ground System maintenance contract. CMS improves and enhances the manual techniques for project tracking and change control and allows for reliable management of large projects. Because CMS works with any file, it can perform Configuration Management on all items in a configuration. The CMS Bookkeeping and Status Accounting forms are displayed on a terminal, and the user is guided into filling them out correctly. New configuration items or changes can be entered into the system only after approval has been supplied by the proper authority. Since a common project data base is built by CMS, visibility of current system status is available to those who are permitted project access. Standard report forms as well as user defined report forms are used when viewing the current or historic system information. CMS not only controls the configuration, but also the paperwork, change approval cycle, and the quality of the product.     

厘米级微型涡轮喷气发动机主要研究进展

厘米级微型涡轮发动机的发展日益受到重视。本文在总结国内外厘米级微型涡轮发动机研究动态的基础上，将其划分为3个大小级别。南京航空航天大学近年来对中等大小级别(直径6cm)微型涡轮发动机开展了系统的研究。本文给出了各主要关键技术的研究进展，包括：微型涡轮发动机总体设计技术，微流动实验及CFD技术，高速微转子动力学。微型涡轮、压气机、燃烧室等部件设计，微型涡轮发动机试车等。     

多GEO卫星接近观测任务规划

针对多GEO卫星接近观测任务,研究了时间约束下能量消耗最优的多任务规划问题.按照上层面向任务顺序安排,下层面向时间分配,建立了一对多任务模式下的二层非线性规划模型.基于双脉冲多圈Lam-bert交会原理,将下层连续变量时间分配问题转化为0-1整数规划模型,并设计了遗传-分枝定界算法来求解二层规划模型.仿真结果表明,通过...