孔边裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展试验研究

简介了循环J积分ΔJ*path体系,以16MnR钢单边椭圆孔边裂纹试件进行了6种循环应力比的恒幅应变疲劳裂纹扩展试验,采用材料应变疲劳循环加载条件下的应力-应变关系,通过弹塑性有限元素法计算ΔJ*path参量,研究了孔边高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展规律。结果表明：ΔJ*path能够作为缺口高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展的控制参量,与裂纹扩展速率da/dN之间的指数关系,可通过相同材料的标准试件应力疲劳裂纹扩展由Paris公式与ΔJ*path=ΔK2/E转换得到。     

低周载荷对高周裂纹裂尖塑性区的影响

为探明高低周复合疲劳裂纹扩展中高低周载荷交互作用机理,采用弹塑性有限元模型模拟了含中心裂纹试件在高低周载荷交互作用下裂尖塑性区的变化.结果表明:低周载荷的卸载作用导致高周载荷对应的裂尖反向塑性区明显减小,裂纹闭合水平也因此降低,进而加速裂纹扩展,致使高低周复合疲劳裂纹扩展寿命降低.在此基础上,对比研究了低周载荷应力比、高周载荷应力比、高低周载荷循环比对裂尖反向塑性区的影响.结果表明:随着低周载荷应力比降低、高周载荷应力比增加,循环比的减少,均导致低周载荷的卸载作用增加.      

用弹塑性有限元法求解脉动循环载荷有超载时裂尖前方的应力、应变分布及塑性区的大小

 本文用弹塑性有限元法求解了理想塑性材料在三个脉动循环载荷下有超载时裂尖前方的应力、应变分布及塑性区的大小。文中用平均刚度法、一阶自校正法进行了计算,讨论了这两种方法的优缺点。结果表明,当有超载时裂尖引起很大的残余压应力,使固有塑性区尺寸大大缩小,从而在一定的条件下,可使裂纹扩展延缓。计算结果与H.Miyamoto~[1]的结果作了比较,得到相当满意的吻合。     

幂硬化材料平面应力裂纹稳定扩展的有限元模拟

对幂硬化材料中平面应力Ⅰ型裂纹的稳定扩展进行了有限元模拟。计算中采用了逐步释放裂尖节点力法和子结构方法并配合裂尖附近高密度的网格划分,获得了有关裂尖应力变形场、塑性区尺寸、裂纹开口位移、裂纹扩展阻力等大量资料。计算结果还证实了部分已有的裂尖场渐近解。     

延性材料断裂准则与平面应变断裂韧度

延性材料的临界断裂规律对结构完整性评价和金属塑性成形分析具有重要意义,但相关的弹塑性断裂强度研究长期存在瓶颈。本文针对30Cr2Ni4MoV低压转子钢和3Cr13不锈钢,完成了不同应力三轴度的4类试样拉伸破坏试验,基于FAT （Finite-element-analysis Aided Testing）方法,通过有限元迭代分析实现试样的载荷-位移关系逼近,进而获得材料直至断裂的全程等效应力-应变关系,并以此通过有限元正向分析获取4种试样的临界断裂阈值和临界应力三轴度,提出了基于临界断裂单元的应力三轴度与第一主应力阈值之间的对数型断裂强度准则。结果表明,2种材料、4类试样的FAT阈值分析结果与断裂强度准则符合良好。最后,基于断裂强度准则提出了依据I型裂纹尖端的应力分布预测材料平面应变启裂断裂韧度的新方法,并获得了30Cr2Ni4MoV低压转子钢和3Cr13不锈钢的平面应变启裂断裂韧度,结合临界断裂准则和裂纹静态扩展机理,提出了I型裂纹的材料J阻力曲线的理论预测方法,并给出了30Cr材料的预测结果。     

弹塑性条件下工程小裂纹疲劳扩展试验研究

 本文对在弹塑性条件下工程小裂纹的疲劳扩展规律进行了分析研究。给出了用△J积分作为在弹塑性条件下疲劳裂纹扩展主要控制参数的表达式。对工程小裂纹在缺口循环塑性区中的扩展规律提出了用修正的△J_(eff)积分描述和分析的表达方法,并与试验结果进行了比较。     

缺口边疲劳小裂纹扩展特性研究

1.引言 工程构件中缺口根部常是产生小裂纹的部位。Smith,Miller和Hammoucla认为裂纹的萌生和早期扩展是由缺口的塑性应变区控制的,Haddad用J积分变程研究了缺口边小裂纹的扩展,本文用Haddad的J积分近似计算式分析试验结果,表明疲劳小裂纹和大裂纹扩展率可用有效J积分变程表达的公式统一描述。     

TC11钛合金盘不同显微组织的疲劳-蠕变特性

3种显微组织的TC11合金盘疲劳-蠕变交互作用试验的结果表明,循环应力σ_(max)在560～660MPa范围内,双态组织具有最好的疲劳-蠕变性能,网篮组织次之,等轴组织最差;其它应力范围,网篮组织寿命远高于等轴组织,也高于双态组织。SEM观察发现,3种组织裂纹源区和扩展早期均具有明显的解理特征,且解理平面的形成与裂尖塑性应变累积和高温氧化效应有关。随着裂纹扩展,解理迹象逐减,疲劳条纹和蠕变空洞骤增,交互作用明显增强。     

温度和加载速率对LY12CZ薄板材料断裂韧性的影响

以飞机结构常用的铝合金材料LY12CZ为研究对象，研究了温度、加载速率对平面应力弹塑性Ⅰ型裂纹起裂和扩展的影响。通过实验研究和数值分析，得到了以下四点结论，(D用断裂丝片测量裂纹稳定扩展段的长度是可行的；(2)静态载荷作用下的起裂韧性变化不大，但随温度的升高，材料在裂纹扩展过程中断裂韧性会降低；(3)低速冲击载荷作用下的弹塑性动态起裂韧性比静态值要小40％；(4)与增量路径无关积分的计算结果进行比较，说明在本研究情况下，J积分可以作为材料断裂韧性的表征参量。     

力学不均匀性对焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展影响的研究

本文将焊接接头简化为夹层材料裂纹体模型，通过实验及弹塑性有限元方法研究了均匀材料和具有力学不均匀性的夹层材料裂纹体中心裂纹试件中疲劳裂纹的扩展规律。发现疲劳裂纹的扩展不但取决于裂纹尖端处材料的性质，而且还受裂纹尖端附近材料力学不均匀性的严重影响；不均匀体裂纹尖端的塑性区、应力应变场与均匀材料裂纹体显著不同；力学不均匀性对疲劳扩展寿命影响的本质在于力学不均匀性对疲劳裂纹闭合的影响     

金属材料疲劳短裂纹扩展研究综述

本文论述了近几十年来国内外关于疲劳短裂纹的一些理论模型和实验现象等;重点研究了短裂纹的"V"型扩展规律及其特有的非扩展裂纹行为;通过各种不同复杂程度的理论模型,说明了短裂纹"V"型扩展规律,并给出了非扩展裂纹的计算方法;通过试验方法,分析了物件的形式、缺口塑性区、微观结构和试验环境等因素对短裂纹的"V"型扩展规律和非扩展裂纹行为的影响。     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

A new method to predict fatigue crack growth rate of materials based on average cyclic plasticity strain damage accumulation

By introducing a fatigue blunting factor, the cyclic elasto-plastic Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field near the crack tip under the cyclic loading is modified. And, an average damage per loading-cycle in the cyclic plastic deformation region is defined due to Manson-Coffin law. Then, according to the linear damage accumulation theory-Miner law, a new model for predicting the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of the opening mode crack based on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage is set up. The step length of crack propagation is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. It is clear that every parameter of the new model has clearly physical meaning which does not need any human debugging. Based on the LCF test data, the FCG predictions given by the new model are consistent with the FCG test results of Cr2Ni2MoV and X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1. What’s more, referring to the relative researches, the good predictability of the new model is also proved on six kinds of materials.     

一种基于约束因子的超载迟滞模型

在常幅载荷中加入一个超载会明显影响后续一段时间裂纹扩展的速率.要准确预测结构在变幅载荷谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,必须研究超载对裂纹扩展的影响.现有的变幅疲劳裂纹扩展模型大致可分为屈服区模型、经验的裂纹闭合模型和条带屈服模型.条带屈服模型预测较准确但需要数值迭代求解,计算量大,且程序复杂,不利于工程应用;屈服区模型比较简单...     

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.     

三轴应力约束下疲劳裂纹闭合分析

在对D-B模型修正的基础上,考虑到用三轴应力约束的方法研究穿透裂纹厚度效应,对常幅载荷条件下疲劳裂纹闭合做了详细的分析,并建立了一个有效的分析模型。该模型与三维有限元结果、实验数据和其它模型作比较,结果显示出能很好地处理各种因素对疲劳裂纹闭合的影响;对常幅下裂纹扩展速率首次获得同种材料在不同厚度、应力比和载荷水平下的统一描述。     

弹黏塑性材料稳恒扩展II型裂纹尖端应力场

 采用弹黏塑性力学模型,对II型动态扩展裂纹尖端应力场的对数奇异性,进行了分析计算。详细地分析了黏性系数α、马赫数Ma²对裂纹尖端的应力场影响。指出了对数奇异性区域存在的问题,解释了过渡区的成因,对过渡区尖端场解的形式和求解方法做了合理的推测。