基于MDO体系的涡轮叶片热-结构耦合分析

在涡轮叶片参数化建模和气动分析基础上,开发了三维坐标插值程序,实现了学科间载荷信息传递;基于经验准则公式,开发了换热系数计算程序;在研究ANSYS软件参数化设计语言的基础上,利用插值及换热程序输出APDL参数化加载宏文件,实现了边界条件的精确加载;基于ANSYS软件APDL命令流,设计了涡轮叶片热分析模块及热-结构耦合分析模块,为建立涡轮叶片MDO体系奠定了基础。     

TMS320C6678 多级程序加载模式的实现

为了对实地、多单元部署的TMS320C6678 产品同时提供独立启动、就地调试、远程加载功能，利 用TMS320C6678 片上多种通讯接口和资源，联合片上固化的内置加载核，设计和实现了一种灵活可配置的多 级程序加载模式，满足应用需求。     

多点协调加载机的研制

一、问题的提出 从1972年开始,我们先后研制了五点协调加载机、十点协调加载机和TRS—80微机控制协调加载系统。这三个系统都只有模出部分,没有模入部分,因而只能实现小闭环控制。小闭环控制虽然解决了自动加载的问题,但是仍然不能采集实际载荷数值。要采集实际载荷就必须有模入部分。小闭环控制系统的实际载荷采集要靠其它二次仪表,载荷的调整也要靠人工实现。这种协调加载控制机使用不大方便,也不能满足复杂的程序载荷谱和随机载荷谱的要求。为了满足运七起落架疲劳试验的要求,我们研制了一套YEE8100微机控制协调加载系统。该系统是在TRS—80和IBMPC微机控制协调加载机的基础上,采用国内一些先进技     

累积损伤理论在加速疲劳试验中的应用

为了确定某产品的使用寿命,我们对该产品进行了全尺寸结构程序加载疲劳试验。当程序加载试验到6700使用小时时,由于工作急需,要求试验在短期内结束,并得出较正确的试验结果。根据这种要求和试验的具体情况,决定采用修正线性累积损伤理论,按损伤度最大的一级载荷作等幅加速疲劳试验。     

铝合金动态控制低应力无变形（DC - LSND）MAG 焊焊接过程模拟

对动态控制低应力无变形（dynamically controlled low stress no - distortion,DC - LSND）铝合金 MAG 焊进行了数值仿真,利用数值仿真模型并结合优化算法对热沉参数进行了优化分析。通过对有限元软件的二次开发,实现了焊接热源程序的加载和热沉过程的加载。对比正常焊接过程,采用热沉实现了随焊激冷法后焊接残余应力降低。在其他条件热沉不变的条件下,随着热沉强度的增大,残余应力显著降低。在热沉强度不变的情况下,热沉与热源距离在30 mm 左右时,应力降低效果最为明显。     

TMS320C6678多核DSP的加载配置和实现方法

程序代码正确的固化加载运行是多核DSP应用的前提和基础.简要介绍了DSP的加载器和加载过程,阐述了多核处理器件的加载配置管理方法.以TI公司的多核DSP TMS320C6678为例,介绍了多核DSP的加载模式和流程,详细阐述了EMIF16的Nor FLASH加载实现方法,可以实现多核DSP软件的正确、可靠加载运行.     

预估构件裂纹扩展寿命的封闭解法及其在起落架中之应用

本文以Matsuoka模型为基础,以航空上常见的短周期加载为条件,导出了预估构件的裂纹扩展寿命的解析表达式 式中,α、β和γ分别为裂纹扩展速率Walker公式的系数与指数,n=β+γ,p是每一个加载周期中的程序块数,N_i为第i个程序块中加载次数,Z（α）是应力强度因于的几何因子。 我们采用本方法对某机前起落架剩余寿命试验的破坏部位寿命进行了预估,试验表明:计算结果比试验结果低18％。     

基于气液加载方式的机匣热内压试验方法

提出了一种基于气液加载方式的航空发动机机匣热内压试验方法，用于模拟机匣件在典型工况下的温度和内压联合加载考核。采用气液加压装置实现温度和压力加载介质的解耦，以高温耐压油作为温度加载介质，利用仿形电加热器实现热载荷施加，以高压稳定气源作为压力载荷源对气液压控制腔体加压，通过对加压模型的理论分析指导压力载荷的定量控制。验证表明试验方法能够有效实现温度和压力载荷的精确控制，解决了液压系统难以实现高温控制和气压系统温度控制均匀性差的问题，同时也有效避免了气压加载方式开展破坏试验时的爆破现象。基于气液加压方式的试验方法能够有效应用于机匣件的热内压考核，实现温度控制精度优于±3 K和压力加载过程定量控制。     

神经网络解耦控制方法在协调加载中的应用研究

在飞行器结构强度试验中，电液协调加载系统能否准确模拟实际结构上的载荷历程对于试验数据的可靠性及飞行器结构的安全设计有着重要的意义。本文针对电液协调加载系统各通道间具有强耦合、非线性、时变等特点，应用神经网络解耦控制技术实现载荷解耦，并进行了两通道的协调加载试验。系统运行结果表明，该方法动态控制效果良好，能够准确地实现各通道间的协调加载控制。     

基于地板结构的机身双层双向加载技术

以民机结构试验机身垂向加载方式为研究对象,分析对比了3种加载方案（蒙皮胶布带加载、客舱地板单层加载、客舱和货舱双层地板结构加载）。结果表明双层地板结构加载方案能够更真实地模拟机身框结构内力分布,更适合作为全机结构试验机身加载方案。在此基础上提出了基于地板结构的机身双层双向加载技术。通过开发一种机身载荷施加策略及配套的加载装置设计技术,解决了固定杠杆比加载系统实现不同工况机身有效加载的问题,并通过全尺寸模拟试验,证明加载装置末端节点载荷分配误差小于1%,加载装置设计满足试验使用要求。该技术被成功应用于某型在研飞机全机静强度适航验证试验,提高了试验质量与效率,并可为同类试验提供技术参考。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Investigation of Formation Process of the Chrome-free Passivation Film of Electrodeposited Zinc

The feasibility was investigated to substitute chrome-free passivation treatment of electrodeposited zinc in a titanium bath for chromate passivation treatment. The formation mechanism of the chrome-free passivation film was further analyzed. The surface mor- phologies and the elemental compositions of the treated samples with varied immersion times were observed by scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM) and determined by energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The electrode potential of the sample surface was recorded in the film formation process. The changes of the electrode potential are in accordance with that of SEM and EDS of the sample surface. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the chrome-free passivation film composed of ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, Zn4Si2O7(OH)2, and SrF2. The anode zinc dissolution and the local pH value increase due to the cathode hydrogen ion reduction process result in the formation of the chrome-free passivation film. The macro-images of the chrome-free passivation films formed on electrodeposited zinc show that the color of the film changes from blue to iridescence with the increase of the immersion times.     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.     

高超声速飞行器模型不确定性影响分析

吸气式高超声速飞行器具有严重的弹性机体和推进系统耦合的典型特征,其分析模型存在较大的不确定性,标称系统和真实系统之间存在偏差,因此研究不确定性对稳定性的影响对于控制器设计具有重要意义。针对典型的乘波体构型高超声速飞行器,建立了气动/结构/推进相互耦合的动力学模型,总结了建模中的不确定因素并将其以加性不确定模型的形式表示出来。以不确定性矩阵的最大奇异值为边界模型,以不确定性矩阵的H∞范数来表示不确定性因素对稳定性影响的大小,并通过不确定性矩阵的边界曲线分析不确定因素对模态特性的影响。结果表明,惯性因素的不确定性对稳定性的影响最大,而且其对飞行器的短周期模态和弹性模态均有较大的影响;同时,对于这一类飞行器的控制器设计必须考虑飞行器的弹性自由度。     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

航天器返回地球的气动特性综述

航天器返回地球的飞行过程中,气动特性是实现将宇宙飞行速度减到落地前速度、保证再入飞行得到有效控制以及再入防热安全可靠的关键因素。针对简单旋成体气动外形、半弹道式再入控制、烧蚀防热类返回航天器,综述了返回地球过程中变化的空气流域特性、航天器周围的气体绕流环境、空气与航天器作用产生的动力学与热效应等。系统地给出了该类航天器的再入气动特性参数与飞行性能的共性规律,包括:气动阻力与再入减速、气动升力与再入轨迹控制、配平攻角与飞行稳定性、气动加热与防热,以及再入过程中不同气动特性航天器、气象条件变化等对再入飞行性能的影响规律。为航天器开展返回飞行过程的跨流域气动性能工程研制提供设计参考。     

基于自由尾迹方法的自转旋翼气动特性研究

为研究自转旋翼的气动特性,建立了自转旋翼的自由尾迹方法计算模型,并耦合桨叶挥舞运动模型和自转旋翼配平模型,建立了一种分析自转旋翼气动特性的方法。以某试验自转旋翼为算例对该方法进行了验证并运用该方法研究了自转旋翼的尾迹几何形状和桨盘诱导入流分布特性。研究结果表明:建立的自由尾迹方法计算模型可以满足自转旋翼气动特性分析的需求,相比传统的近似入流模型,该自由尾迹方法模型精度更高;前飞时自转旋翼尾迹随时间推移自桨盘处向桨盘后上方运动,水平面内自转旋翼尾迹畸变略小于驱转旋翼;自转旋翼桨盘诱导入流呈非均匀分布,从桨盘前缘到后缘,下洗入流大致呈不断增加趋势,在相同拉力水平下,自转旋翼90°方位角附近及桨盘后缘的诱导入流小于驱转旋翼。     

New Cutting Force Modeling Approach for Flat End Mill

A new mechanistic cutting force model for flat end milling using the instantaneous cutting force coefficients is proposed. An in-depth analysis shows that the total cutting forces can be separated into two terms: a nominal component independent of the runout and a perturbation component induced by the runout. The instantaneous value of the nominal component is used to calibrate the cutting force coefficients. With the help of the perturbation component and the cutting force coefficients obtained above, the cutter runout is identified. Based on simulation and experimental results, the validity of the identification approach is demonstrated. The advantage of the proposed method lies in that the calibration performed with data of one cutting test under a specific regime can be applied for a great range of cutting conditions.     

PREDICTION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF WHISKER REINFORCED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE: PART-Ⅰ. MODEL AND FORMULATION

Based on study of strain distribution in whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, an explicit precise stiffness tensor is derived. In the present theory, the effect of whisker orientation on the macro property of composites is considered, but the effect of random whisker position and the complicated strain field at whisker ends are averaged. The derived formula is able to predict the stiffness modulus of composites with arbitrary whisker orientation under any loading condition. Compared with the models of micro-mechanics, the present theory is competent for modulus prediction of actual engineering composites. The verification and application of the present theory are given in a subsequent paper published in the same issue.