Avionics data buses: an overview

An overview of military avionics data buses and their applications, with the emphasis on optical fiber networking techniques. The evolution of military avionics data buses is discussed. The development trend actually reflects an increasing demand on such data buses, which requires the change from low-speed to high-speed transmissions, from single-rate to dual-rate operations, and from centralized control to distributed control. Recent progress in military avionics networks is described.     

Optical fiber data bus modulation techniques for military avionics

In this paper, we propose several modulation techniques for use in military avionics optical fiber data buses, namely, Extended Manchester II Bi-Phase Coding with Beginning-Stopping Flags, Partial Trilevel Manchester II Bi-Phase Coding, Four-ary Pulse Width Modulation, Two-ary Pulse Width Modulation with Amplitude-Distinguished Sync Field, Two-ary Message Pulse Width Modulation and Two-ary Sync Pulse Amplitude Modulation, respectively. Compared with an existing modulation scheme of MIL-STD-1773 avionics data buses, the proposed techniques can be effectively used to overcome the difficulty in recognizing the correct operation states of an active transmitter at the output of optical receivers. The feasibility of proposed modulation schemes are discussed, and their performance is also evaluated     

Military avionics optical fiber data buses with active-couplerconfigurations

Military avionics optical fiber data buses of high reliability are discussed. Because Light Emitting Diodes (LED's) have better temperature performance and require less complex driver circuits than laser diodes, the former is normally chosen as an optical source in the severe aircraft environment at present. In this case, optical power budget becomes a critical factor which can significantly limit the number of terminals in a data bus. To effectively solve this problem while maintaining a high reliability, we present several configurations of all-active couplers and hybrid passive/active couplers for avionics optical fiber data buses using PIN photodiodes and LED's. The system design is also described, which incorporates a modulation scheme called partial trilevel Manchester II bi-phase coding     

Broadband integrated digital information exchange networks foravionics applications

This paper presents the design concept for Broadband Integrated Digital Avionics Information Exchange Networks (B-IDAIENs) for future aircraft applications. The use of B-IDAIENs can improve communication efficiency, flexibility, and capacity compared with using present avionics data buses. To implement B-IDAIENs the supporting techniques, such as wavelength-division multiplexing/wavelength-division multiple access and optical Benes network, are considered. Related optical components are also discussed. It is expected that the proposed B-IDAIENs can efficiently provide real-time video and voice communications, high/low speed data transmissions, parallel communications, and other time-critical services such as urgent signals from warning receivers     

High-speed avionic optical fiber CDMA networks

With applications of systems integration technology to advanced aircrafts, high-speed and high-capacity optical fiber communication networks should be employed to support airborne broadband communication services. To guarantee real-time multiuser communications over a network, the selection of medium-access schemes is critical for avionics applications. In this paper, we briefly discuss the issues on high-speed multiple-access techniques and their applicability. Then we focus on the design and operation aspects of avionic optical fiber code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks. Some practical considerations on implementing such a CDMA network are also addressed and further improvement is pointed out. It is shown that avionic optical fiber CDMA networks can find a use in real-time avionic sensor data distribution, data exchange, and computer interconnects     

机载总线网络及其发展

从当今机载电子系统对信息传递的需求出发,纵观航空电子综合化系统的发展阶段,说明为了适应新一代航空电子系统的大容量、深层次的信号与信息综合的要求,机载互连手段从较低速率的总线向宽带网络发展成为必然的趋势。介绍了光纤通道(FiberChannel,FC)、可扩展性一致性接口(ScalableCoherentInterface,SCI)以及波分复用光网络等宽带互连方案,给出它们的研究动向,说明它们作为先进综合式航空电子系统统一网络(UniversalAvionicsNetwork,UAN)的候选所具有的特点。     

机载FDDI高速数据通信系统

 为了满足航空电子通信技术发展的需求,提出了基于 FDDI标准的机载高速光纤通信网络体系结构,论述了该通信系统的总体设计思想和硬软件实现方案,最后简述了机载 FDDI高速数据通信系统的测试与应用情况。     

40G以太网在航电系统中的应用初探

随着飞机整体性能的提升，航电系统的发展日新月异，对总线网络提出了越来越高的要求。基于远端内存直接访问技术传输机制的以太网以其高带宽、低延时以及生态开放性的特点，在航电系统总线中逐渐得到推广。本文介绍了航电总线网络的发展，对典型的航电总线进行了对比分析，开展了10G/40GE交换工程样机的研制和测试工作，为下一代航电系统总线网络的选型提供了参考。     

用于光传操纵系统的超高速实时光纤网络研究

综合星型及环形拓扑结构的优点,提出一种用于光传操纵系统的超高速实时光纤网络设计方案。所给出的余度设计及分布式共享内存策略增强了整个光传系统的可靠性及容错性能。应用动态数据分组技术既提高了小数据量的传输效率,又提高了大数据量突发传输时的吞吐量。实际性能测试及地面物理飞行仿真验证表明,系统数据传输速率可达2.12Gbps,具有很强的实时性及信息传输确定性,适应了机载环境下光传飞行控制及航空电子系统不断发展的需求。     

Optical communication systems for avionics

Avionic information processing and transmission requirements are increasing geometrically, with no end in sight, The only feasible way to meet them is to incorporate fiber-optic communication systems into avionic platforms, Such systems can be employed to replace standard electronic components, to augment existing systems, or to enable new technologies. In this paper, we survey the field of low-power communication systems from the avionics engineering perspective. We review the fundamental merits of optical fiber for information transmission and discuss various information modulation schemes. These modulation techniques determine the performance requirements for laser transmitters, We describe the horizontal- and vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers currently available for these systems, and measure their performance against the additional environmental constraints of avionics platforms. Finally, we outline expected near- and far-term trends in system and device development     

Optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing

During flight, aircraft avionics transmit and receive RF signals to/from antennas over coaxial cables. As the density and complexity of onboard avionics increases, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment degrades proportionately, leading to decreasing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and potential safety concerns. The coaxial cables are inherently lossy, limiting the RF signal bandwidth while adding considerable weight. To overcome these limitations, we have investigated a fiber optic communications link for aircraft that utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to support the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals (including RF) over a single optical fiber. Optical fiber has many advantages over coaxial cable, particularly lower loss, greater bandwidth, and immunity to EMI. In this paper, we demonstrate that WDM can be successfully used to transmit multiple RF signals over a single optical fiber with no appreciable signal degradation. We investigate the transmission of FM and AM analog modulated signals, as well as FSK digital modulated signals, over a fiber optic link (FOL) employing WDM. We present measurements of power loss, delay, SNR, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), total harmonic distortion (THD), and bit error rate (BER). Our experimental results indicate that WDM is a fiber optic technology suitable for avionics applications.     

Digital Electronic Flight Decks: The Outlook for Commercial Aviation

Digital avionics technology shows great promise in reducing overall airplane system cost. The new digital electronic components are very reliable and offer great flexibility in application. Development of modular control units, for the directional controls and engine throttles, will aid standardization and gradual refinement of such control devices. A network of multisystem digital data buses can be developed to handle the complex interchange of data between interrelated systems throughout the airplane.     

浅谈 CPCI 总线与 VME 总线技术及在机载计算机中的应用

机载计算机各模块之间的数据通信是通过数据背板总线互连实现的.不同的系统应用需求和计算机架构决定了如何选择数据背板总线.本文简要介绍了航空电子系统和计算机总线的发展.在介绍了目前较主流的 CPCI 总线和 VME 总线的工作原理与特点的基础上,对两种总线进行了比较,最终给出了两种总线在机载计算机领域的不同应用方向     

机载总线控制管理计算机系统设计与研究

以某型飞机为模型,根据航空电子系统所要完成的多种飞行任务,机载总线控制管理计算机的功能和性能,进行了机载总线控制管理计算机的系统设计,并对该系统的可行性进行实验室的综合仿真试验研究,为机载计算机软硬件的模块化和层次化设计提供了设计依据。     

面向航电系统容错特征的任务可靠性建模方法研究

基于AADL语言和GSPN模型面向DIMA系统开展任务可靠性建模研究,考虑系统的容错特征及其模式转移逻辑,建立AADL系统建模语言与GSPN模型的转化规则,进行系统可靠性定量分析,并以典型航电产品为例进行了方法应用和仿真。本文提出的方法和规则可实施性强,为存在重构或备份等容错技术的航电产品进行多模式转移 的系统任务可靠性建模提供参考。     

光母板技术在航电系统中的应用研究

随着航空电子技术的不断发展,传统的航空电子系统的母板总线在传输带宽、传输距离、EMI等方面正面临着巨大挑战。光母板技术实现了光纤高密度高可靠性的互连,这为航电统一光纤网络应用于先进航电系统打下了坚实基础。本文介绍了光母板技术在国内外的发展以及在航电系统中的应用情况;最后,针对光母板技术在我国航电系统中的应用提出了某些建议。     

光纤通道技术在航电系统中的应用

根据航电系统对总线和网络的需求,介绍了光纤通道的特性,对当前几种典型的总线和网络进行了分析和比较,指出在综合航空电子系统中采用光纤通道作为系统互连网络是一种很好的选择,并介绍了系统通信过程的设计。     

基于仲裁环的光纤通道性能分析

随着航空电子系统的发展，光纤通道技术正在逐渐取代传统的总线型通信网络。仲裁环作为一种经济的光纤通道拓扑结构，目前得到了较广泛的研究。本文利用OPNET modeler建立了光纤通道仲裁环及其节点状态机模型，并通过仿真对基于仲裁环的光纤通道性能进行了分析，为深入研究光纤通道奠定了理论基础。     

面向未来飞机的机载网络存储系统研究

根据未来飞机航电系统的拓扑结构以及机载各类数据特征，提出了一种高性能、高吞吐量和高可靠性的机载网络存储系统设计方法，从而满足了未来飞机对高性能存储系统的需求，允许机载各个设备客户端对服务器进行透明的文件访问，实现了跨平台的数据共享，为网络存储系统关键技术在航空产品上的进一步应用提供了技术基础。