惯性力平衡式二维燃油泵的设计与研究

提出了一种新型的惯性力平衡式二维燃油泵，该泵将配流机构集成在柱塞与柱塞环上，去除了传统柱塞泵独立的配流机构，简化了燃油泵的结构，并且利用柱塞与柱塞环方向相反的轴向往复运动，在体积不变的前提下增加了泵的排油行程，进一步提高了燃油泵的功率密度。该燃油泵的导轨采用等加等减速曲面，利用平衡导轨组进行与驱动导轨组加速度大小相等、方向相反的往复运动，来平衡在高转速情况下缸体受到的驱动导轨组给予的惯性力，提供了一种燃油泵高速化的可能性。结合泵的原理，分析了内泄漏、外泄漏以及油液的可压缩性对泵容积损失的影响。利用AMESIM建立惯性力平衡式二维燃油泵的仿真模型进行分析，与实验结果进行比对验证。样机试验表明，在负载压力为1 MPa时，转速从1 000 r/min提升到7 000 r/min,容积效率从90.6%提升到97.8%,理论偏差在3%左右；当转速为2 000 r/min时，负载压力从1 MPa提高到6 MPa,容积效率从94.6%降低到87.5%,理论偏差在5%左右，说明了理论分析的正确性。     

二维燃油泵的设计与研究

提出一种新型的二维燃油泵，说明了其诸多优点。为研究其结构性流量脉动，利用仿真软件AMESIM建立了二维燃油泵的仿真模型进行理论研究，并进行了实验验证。通过齿轮泵与轴向柱塞泵的对比，说明了轴向柱塞泵在燃油系统应用中的优势。针对轴向柱塞泵中存在的一些不可避免的缺陷，提出了能避免这些缺陷的二维燃油泵。通过解释二维燃油泵的结构组成与工作原理，说明了二维燃油泵的优势，包括结构力平衡、工作效率高、无直接的滑动摩擦副和无结构性流量脉动等。为了解释无结构性流量脉动这一优点，进行了仿真分析与实验验证，验证了二维燃油泵具有无结构性流量脉动这一潜力。     

轴向柱塞泵多学科融合建模与集成优化

为了实现机液耦合条件下轴向柱塞泵的精确建模和优化设计,提出了轴向柱塞泵多学科融合建模与集成优化方法。以国产I3V2-10S型轴向柱塞泵为对象,分别建立了ADAMS机械系统模型和AMESIM液压系统模型,通过ADAMS和AMESIM之间的接口模块设计实现了柱塞泵机液耦合建模和联合仿真,并利用iSIGHT软件集成了该机液耦合模型,以该柱塞泵出口体积流量脉动率最小为目标,对配流副中吸排油节流口最大开口等效直径、吸排油闭死角、柱塞包角、吸排油预开口量等参数进行了优化设计。结果表明:在负载工况分别为10、14、18、22、26、30MPa时,优化后的泵出口流量脉动率比优化前分别降低了14.59%、18.57%、21.50%、23.44%、24.03%、25.49%,最后通过实验验证了仿真和集成优化数据的正确性。      

基于PumpLinx的燃油柱塞泵配流副抗气蚀研究

针对某型燃油柱塞泵耐久性试验后配流副出现严重气蚀现象,对燃油柱塞泵配流副抗气蚀原理进行理论分析,应用PumpLinx软件建立燃油柱塞泵流体域动态模型,仿真分析额定工况下影响配流副气蚀的因素。结果表明,随着进口压力减小、转速增大、温度增大,气蚀加重;配流盘阻尼槽三角槽宽度角度增大能有效抑制气蚀,三角槽宽度角度达到90°时,三角槽处气蚀几乎消失。根据仿真结果给出抗气蚀措施：进口压力由0.2 MPa提高至0.3 MPa,三角槽宽度角度由75°优化为90°。仿真和试验验证证明了该抗气蚀措施的正确性。研究结果为解决配流副气蚀问题提供了一种有效方法。     

航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴油膜的多目标优化设计

以锥形转子球面斜盘轴向燃油柱塞泵为研究对象,在分析滑靴油膜设计中的摩擦功率损失、泄漏功率损失、容积效率随滑靴的机械结构参数变化的基础上,基于遗传算法对上述多变量、多目标优化问题进行计算.权重系数法优化结果表明:优化后燃油柱塞泵设计点的摩擦功率损失和泄漏功率损失减少了7%左右,容积效率略微提升,并且优化得到的机械结构参数在不同转子转角和柱塞倾角的情况下也显示出性能上的优势,从而证明了多目标遗传算法对设计航空燃油柱塞泵油膜静压润滑是一种有效的方法.     

冲击式凹槽叶尖流动换热特性

针对冲击式凹槽叶尖的流动换热特性，采用数值模拟方法，详细分析了三种冲击式凹槽结构和三种凹槽助肋结构的间隙泄漏流场、叶尖二次流损失、叶尖总压损失系数和叶尖表面传热系数，同时考虑了助肋位置、数量和凹槽深度的影响。结果表明:叶尖凹槽前缘助肋抑制了间隙泄漏涡吸力侧分支，增强了泄漏流在凹槽内的分离流动。同一凹槽深度，双助肋凹槽叶尖的相对总压损失最小，研究范围内减小约13%。冲击式凹槽叶尖增强了泄漏流在凹槽内的掺混流动，减小了泄漏流的动能。同一凹槽深度，冲击式双助肋凹槽叶尖的相对总压损失最小，研究范围内减小约18%。冲击式凹槽叶尖减小了泄漏流在凹槽底面的再附，增大了泄漏流在叶尖突肩壁面的再附，突肩壁面出现高传热系数区域。      

航空二冲程活塞发动机分层扫气优化

针对二冲程活塞发动机常规扫气短路损失大、油耗高的问题,提出了一种分层扫气方案并进行了优化。以某发动机为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法建立了分层扫气模型,并对分层扫气过程进行了3维CFD仿真,其计算所需的边界条件通过发动机整体性能1维仿真获得,采用该模型研究了分层扫气发动机扫气机理,对不同容积扫气道进行了仿真,并对二冲程扫气过程的过量充气系数、扫气效率等参数进行对比。在仿真优化研究的基础上加工优化后的扫气道盖实物,并结合发动机巡飞工况状态开展发动机性能对比试验。结果表明：采用分层扫气过程的短路损失相比于常规扫气过程的减小42%,扫气道容积提高到1.3倍可使扫气效率提高2%,相比原型机测试数据,配置1.3倍扫气道容积的发动机在巡航转速范围内,燃油消耗率降低10%,但发动机功率略有降低。     

某航空活塞发动机进气系统优化设计

针对某型航空活塞发动机在节气门100%开度、5 000 r/min工况下各缸排温差异较大的现象,分别建立一维性能仿真模型和三维CFD模型,通过联合仿真分析进气系统内部流动特点,并找出导致排温差异的原因。提出了一种进气系统,计算结果表明:采用改进后的进气系统,在5 000 r/min、节气门100%开度下发动机整机进气不均匀性由原来的20% 降低 6%;当转速高于5 000 r/min时,相比于原机,采用该进气系统后各缸进气量均有所增加,在发动机转速5 500 r/min,外特性工况下平均循环进气量增加19%,单缸循环进气量最大增加34.1%,最小增加12.9%。      

油液压缩性对飞机摆振特性的影响

为了研究飞机减摆器中油液压缩性对摆振稳定性的影响,以某型无人机前起落架为研究对象,在建立液压缸压力微分方程的基础上,采用LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim建立飞机减摆器液压模型,利用该模型对减摆器动态阻尼特性进行仿真分析。基于多体动力学理论,采用LMS Virtual.Lab Motion建立前起落架摆振动力学模型。联合上述两种模型进行飞机滑跑虚拟试验,得到不同油液压缩性时飞机摆角的动态响应曲线。结果表明:当油液含气量从0.05%增大到0.50%时,功量图面积减少了44%,增大油液含气量极大地减小了减摆器的阻尼性能,尤其是在小振幅、低频率的工况下;摆振稳定性对油液的压缩性相当敏感,不太大的油液含气量(大于0.19%)足以使摆振不稳定。     

基于气动性能优化的涡轮叶顶新型密封构型研究

针对涡轮叶顶密封性能的提高,对带圆形凹槽迷宫密封进行了构型优化研究。分析了不同压比时圆形凹槽数量、尺寸及分布对密封性能以及对涡轮做功效率的影响,初步探索了圆形凹槽降低损失的机理,给出了最佳的凹槽排列方案。结果表明,圆形凹槽的容积效应使泄漏流发生小角度偏转,降低了泄漏损失;压比增大,凹槽的节流能力减弱;所得凹槽最佳排列方案在压比为1.2时,泄漏系数降低了7.14%,效率提高了0.59%;单个凹槽半径由1mm增大到5mm,泄漏系数相对于光滑密封减小5.8%,效率增加0.35%。     

Effects of splined shaft bending rigidity on cylinder tilt behaviour for high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pumps

High-speed axial piston pumps are hydraulic power supplies for electro-hydrostatic actuators(EHAs). The efficiency of a pump directly affects the operating performance of an EHA, and an understanding of the physical phenomena occurring in the cylinder/valve plate interface is essential to investigate energy dissipation. The effects of the splined shaft bending rigidity on the cylinder tilt behaviour in an EHA pump need to be considered, because the deflection and radial expansion of a steel shaft rotating at a high speed cannot be ignored. This paper proposes a new mathematical model to predict the cylinder tilt behaviour by establishing a quantitative relationship between the splined shaft deflection, the cylinder tilt angle, and the tilt azimuth angle. The moments exerted by the splined shaft are included in the equilibrium equation of the cylinder. The effects of solid and hollow splined shafts equipped in an EHA pump prototype are compared at variable speeds of 5000–10,000 r/min. With a weight saving of 29.7%, the hollow shaft is experimentally found to have almost no influence on the volumetric efficiency, but to reduce the mechanical efficiency by 0.6–2.4%. The results agree with the trivial differences of the simulated central gap heights of the interface between the two shafts and the enlargement of the simulated tilt angles by the hollow shaft. The findings could guide designs of the cylinder/valve plate interface and the splined shaft to improve both the efficiency and power density of an EHA pump.     

Analysis of the cylinder block tilting inertia moment and its effect on the performance of high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pumps of aircraft

Electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) pumps are usually characterized as high speed and small displacement. The tilting inertia moment on the cylinder block produced by the inertia forces of piston/slipper assemblies cannot be ignored when analyzing the cylinder block balance. A large tilting inertia moment will make the cylinder block tilt away from the valve plate, resulting in severe wear and significantly increased leakage. This paper presents an analytical expression for the tilting inertia moment on the cylinder block by means of vector analysis. In addition, a high-speed test rig was built up, and experiments on an EHA pump prototype were carried out at high speeds of up to 10,000 r/min. The predicted nature of the cylinder block tilt at high speeds corresponds closely to the witness marks on the dismantled EHA pump prototype. It is suggested that more attention should be given to the tilting inertia moment acting on the cylinder block of an EHA pump since both wear and leakage flow between the cylinder block and the valve plate are very much dependent on this tilting moment.     

Two-dimensional piston pump: Principle,design, and testing for aviation fuel pumps

Aviation fuel pumps of the future are required to be highly efficient and lightweight. As such, this work presents the designs of various mechanisms and structures of advanced two-dimensional piston pumps for aero-engines, and their universal kinematic design methods are detailed herein. The efficiency of various piston pump prototypes was experimentally tested at various speeds in an open circuit. The experimental results indicate that two-dimensional piston pumps have a volumetric efficiency >91% and a higher power–mass ratio than conventional fuel pumps under all the conditions studied. Furthermore, the structural and material problems encountered during testing can provide a blueprint for further improvement of the design and processing of two-dimensional piston fuel pumps.     

Theoretical study of flow ripple for an aviation axial-piston pump with damping holes in the valve plate

Based on the structure of a certain type of aviation axial-piston pump＇s valve plate which adopts a pre-pressurization fluid path （consisting a damping hole, a buffer chamber, and an orifice） to reduce flow ripple, a single-piston model of the aviation axial-piston pump is presented. This sin- gle-piston model comprehensively considers fluid compressibility, orifice restriction effect, fluid resistance in the capillary tube, and the leakage flow. Besides, the instantaneous discharge areas used in the single-piston model have been calculated in detail. Based on the single-piston model, a multi-piston pump model has been established according to the simple hydraulic circuit. The sin- gle- and multi-piston pump models have been realized by the S-function in Matlab/Simulink. The developed multi-piston pump model has been validated by being compared with the numerical result by computational fluid dynamic （CFD）. The effects of the pre-pressurization fluid path on the flow ripple and the instantaneous pressure in the piston chamber have been studied and opti- mized design recommendations for the aviation axial-piston pump have been given out.     

Remaining useful life prediction based on the Wiener process for an aviation axial piston pump

An aviation hydraulic axial piston pump’s degradation from comprehensive wear is a typical gradual failure model. Accurate wear prediction is difficult as random and uncertain char-acteristics must be factored into the estimation. The internal wear status of the axial piston pump is characterized by the return oil flow based on fault mechanism analysis of the main frictional pairs in the pump. The performance degradation model is described by the Wiener process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is performed by utilizing the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the initial parameters of the Wiener process while recursive estimation is conducted utilizing the Kalman filter method to estimate the drift coefficient of the Wiener process. The RUL of the pump is then calculated accord-ing to the performance degradation model based on the Wiener process. Experimental results indi-cate that the return oil flow is a suitable characteristic for reflecting the internal wear status of the axial piston pump, and thus the Wiener process-based method may effectively predicate the RUL of the pump.     

不同转速下跨声速轴流压气机内部流动失稳的机理

以跨声速轴流压气机转子NASA Rotor 67为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法,开展100%、80%及60%转速下跨声速轴流压气机内部流动失稳触发机制的机理研究。数值结果与实验数据的对比分析表明:在3个转速下,数值总性能曲线的变化趋势与实验数据符合一致。通过压气机内部流场的详细分析,得出其基本流动机理。在3个转速下,随着压气机节流,叶顶泄漏涡(TLV)的起始位置逐渐向叶片前缘移动,叶顶泄漏涡也逐渐向相邻叶片压力面偏转,相比近峰值效率点,近失速点时在100%、80%以及60%转速下叶顶泄漏涡的偏转角度分别为3°、6°和9°。在100%和80%转速下,叶顶泄漏涡与激波相互作用所导致的堵塞是触发压气机内部流动失稳的机制,并且在80%转速下,叶顶泄漏涡发生破碎;而在60%转速下,泄漏涡在相邻叶片出现的叶顶前缘溢流(LESF)是触发压气机内部流动失稳的主要机制,叶片吸力面尾缘出现的小尺度附面层气流分离(BLFS)不是主要机制。      

某轴流式血液泵的实验与改进设计

原型血液泵LAP-00的数值模拟及实验结果表明,在设计转速9000r/min下,最大效率点对应的设计点流量为11L/min,远大于临床所需38L/min的流量,致使血液泵在实际应用时效率偏低;而静子区域存在的流动分离与回流,极易造成血流停滞进而引发血栓.改进后的血液泵LAP-23,将设计转速从9000r/min降低至8000r/min,减小了转子叶尖切应力对血细胞的破坏;设计点流量降低至6L/min,并消除了静子区域内的分离和回流.