C/SiC复合材料螺旋铣削与钻削制孔效果对比

采用PCD刀具对C/SiC复合材料螺旋铣削与钻削制孔的制孔效果进行了对比研究。在同等加工效率条件下测量了两种制孔方法产生的切削力及切削热,并观察制孔质量。试验结果表明:螺旋铣孔产生的轴向力小于钻孔,约为钻孔的56.9%;孔壁粗糙度及孔径差均小于钻削;钻孔产生的切削热少于螺旋铣削制孔,约占螺旋铣的58.7%,但螺旋铣产生的切削热对材料及刀具的影响小。     

CFRP铣削有限元模型建立及切削力仿真分析

为探索碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)铣削加工过程中切削力与工艺参数之间的映射关系,建立CFRP铣削加工有限元仿真模型并对切削力进行分析。基于ABAQUS软件通过定义材料属性、材料失效模型、纤维铺层数和纤维方向建立了CFRP铣削加工二维有限元仿真模型,并对该模型进行了实验验证。基于该模型,分析了切削力与纤维方向角、铣削速度、每齿进给量和刀具前角等工艺参数之间的映射关系。仿真结果表明:纤维方向角从0°增大到90°,切削力呈现降低趋势,而纤维方向角从90°增大到180°,切削力呈现增大趋势。随着切削速度和每齿进给量的增大,切削力随之增大,而随着刀具前角增大,切削力随之减小。     

C/SiC复合材料的制备及加工技术研究进展

碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基(C/SiC)复合材料由于其强度高、硬度大、耐磨损,被广泛应用于工业、航空航天等领域,然而C/SiC复合材料难以被稳定地去除加工。本文综述C/SiC复合材料的常见制备方式及其材料的性能特点。概述C/SiC复合材料的传统机械加工、超声辅助加工、激光加工等加工方法,分析了各种加工方法的材料去除机理、加工精度、常见缺陷及加工过程中存在的问题。传统的机械加工需进一步优选切削刀具材料;超声辅助加工需探究超声振动的刀具与材料之间的耦合作用机制、振动作用下的材料去除机理;激光加工要进一步研究2.5维及3维C/SiC复合材料的激光加工去除机理。在这些研究的基础上进一步采用复合加工的方法,探寻C/SiC复合材料高效、精密、稳定和无损加工的可能性。     

针刺C/C圆筒构件内/外压试验与仿真研究

根据某扩张段采用的针刺C/C复合材料制备圆筒构件试验件,设计外压和内压试验工装,对其开展内外压试验研究,总结结构应力分布规律,并与有限元仿真结果进行对比,仿真结果与试验结果一致性较好,获得了准确高精度3D圆筒构件水压仿真计算模型。试验及仿真结果对于改进固体火箭发动机针刺C/C复合材料喷管扩张段结构设计,修正材料本构模型参数,预估结构安全裕度有着重要的参考价值。     

基体改性C/C复合材料在高温下的热膨胀规律

 对基体改性前后C/ C 复合材料在高温下的热膨胀系数随温度的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,基体改性前C/ C 复合材料在高温下的热膨胀系数随温度的变化完全符合碳素材料的一般线性变化规律,而基体改性后C/ C 复合材料在高温下热膨胀系数随温度的变化在900 ℃以前为线性关系,在900～1500 ℃之间为指数关系。通过数学推导与实验验证,证实了这种关系的合理性与可靠性,这对于改善C/ C 复合材料与其抗氧化涂层之间热膨胀系数的匹配程度,全面提高C/ C 复合材料的高温抗氧化性具有一定的指导意义。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

基于响应曲面法的高速内冷铣削AISI304不锈钢铣削力

针对硬质合金刀具高速内冷铣削AISI304不锈钢时,切削力大、切削温度高及加工表面质量低的问题。基于响应曲面中心复合设计方法进行高速内冷铣削实验,建立了铣削力分量二阶回归预测模型,并进行了实验验证。对比了干式与内冷铣削后的加工表面质量,分析了铣削参数对铣削力分量的影响规律,以铣削力分量最小为目标优化了铣削参数。结果表明:进给力和径向力的预测值与实验值的误差分别为4. 77%和6. 16%;内冷铣削的Ra为0. 193～0. 327μm;对铣削力分量的影响是铣削深度转速进给量,随着铣削深度和转速的增加,进给力先升高后降低,径向力逐步增加,铣削深度与转速的交互作用对进给力和径向力的影响显著;转速11 643. 63 r/min、铣削深度1 mm、进给量0. 08 mm/r为最优铣削参数组合。     

SiC_p/Al复合材料高速铣削切削力模型建立

使用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具并采用正交试验设计法,对含不同体分比的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/2009Al)进行高速铣削试验。在测量切削力和切屑厚度的基础上,建立了剪切角、剪切应力和摩擦角的预测模型,并结合金属切削基本理论公式建立了切削力的预测模型。该模型包含铣削速度、每齿进给量、径向切宽、增强颗粒体分比等重要参数,模型对进给方向最大铣削力预测值的平均误差为5.9%,对铣刀径向切深方向最大铣削力预测值的平均误差为9.2%,皆高于普通经验公式的预测精度,从而可对SiCp/2009Al复合材料高速铣削时的铣削力进行有效预测。     

Cutting force prediction for circular end milling process

A deduced cutting force prediction model for circular end milling process is presented in this paper. Traditional researches on cutting force model usually focus on linear milling process which does not meet other cutting conditions, especially for circular milling process. This paper presents an improved cutting force model for circular end milling process based on the typical linear milling force model. The curvature effects of tool path on chip thickness as well as entry and exit angles are analyzed, and the cutting force model of linear milling process is then corrected to fit circular end milling processes. Instantaneous cutting forces during circular end milling process are predicted according to the proposed model. The deduced cutting force model can be used for both linear and circular end milling processes. Finally, circular end milling experiments with constant and variable radial depth were carried out to verify the availability of the proposed method. Experiment results show that measured results and simulated results corresponds well with each other.     

轴拉载荷下轴棒法C/ C 复合材料的渐进损伤

以渐进损伤方法和双线性内聚力模型为理论基础,结合ABAQUS6.8用户子程序USDFLD对轴向拉伸载荷作用下轴棒法C/C复合材料的破坏模式及载荷进行了预测,对比了试验结果与预测结果.结果表明:本方法可以准确预测轴拉载荷作用下轴棒法C/C复合材料的破坏模式.     

C/C复合材料烧蚀形貌测量及烧蚀机理分析

对C／C复合材料试件的表面细观烧蚀进行了常压下的亚、超声速和高压下的亚音速烧蚀形貌的测量；根据测量结果，分析了C／C复合材料在上述情况下的质量损失规律。结果表明：C／C复合材料在亚音速流场的条件下，z向纤维束首先发生剥蚀，当压力升高时，碳布会发生层间剥蚀的现象；而在超音速条件下，碳布更容易发生剥蚀的现象。     

C/E 复合材料“以磨代钻冶制孔工艺

为了提高C/E复合材料构件制孔加工质量,以C/E复合材料为研究对象,提出"以磨代钻"制孔新工艺,并研制了电镀金刚石刀具.与传统硬质合金刀具钻孔工艺进行对比试验,结果表明:金刚石刀具钻削轴向力降低30%-50%、刀具耐用度提高3-5倍、缺陷显著减少,更适合C/E复合材料钻孔加工.     

碳/碳多孔防热复合材料压缩性能研究

常见高性能热防护材料的力学性能较为薄弱,这成为了飞行器热防护系统发展的瓶颈。因此,如何设计热防护材料,使其具有良好隔热效果同时兼具足够的承载能力,成为当前的研究热点。本文针对碳/碳多孔防热复合材料进行了单轴压缩实验,获得了其压缩应力—应变曲线,研究了其压缩变形特征及相应的失效模式,并通过SEM观测变形前后的材料细观结构,分析了材料内部的细观变形机制,也为进一步建立表征材料内部细观结构特征的有限元模型和进行数值模拟研究奠定了实验基础。实验结果表明:材料内部纤维主要沿面内随机分布,呈现出明显的分层现象。受其结构的影响,该材料面内方向力学性能比厚度方向优越。     

单向C/C复合材料高温氧化环境力学性能试验

为研究高温氧化环境单向C/C复合材料力学特性,对C/C复合材料单向板开展了700 ℃和900 ℃的氧化试验以及室温、700 ℃和900 ℃的拉伸试验。结果表明:无涂层单向C/C复合材料在相同温度下,失重率随着氧化时间的增加而增大,在相同氧化时间内,温度越高,氧化失重率越大;无涂层单向C/C复合材料在700 ℃氧化4 h后失重率为83.78%,有涂层单向C/C复合材料700 ℃氧化4 h后的氧化失重率为1.17%;有涂层单向C/C复合材料在700 ℃的力学性能高于室温,室温和700 ℃的应力应变曲线均呈线性;氧化后的试验件的应力/应变曲线呈明显非线性;相同温度下,材料的力学性能随着氧化时间的增加而降低;相同时间内,温度越高,材料的拉伸强度退化的越剧烈。建立了一种考虑氧化速率的C/C复合材料高温氧化环境力学性能退化模型,拟合得到了无涂层单向C/C复合材料700 ℃和900 ℃拉伸强度随氧化时间的变化曲线,并外推计算得到了无氧化时的单向C/C复合材料700 ℃的拉伸强度,得到了良好的预测效果。      

基于Z-map模型的球头铣刀铣削力建模与仿真

对球头铣刀铣削力建模进行了研究。在Z-map仿真模型的基础上,提出了识别加工中参与切削的切削刃单元的方法,通过考虑刀具偏心和刀具变形对瞬时切削厚度的影响,推导出了瞬时切削厚度的表达式,由铣削力和切削负载之间的关系,建立了球头铣刀三轴铣削力仿真模型。铣削力仿真计算与铣削实验的对比表明在考虑刀具偏心和刀具变形后所建立的铣削力模型能够对铣削力进行准确的预测。     

Corner-milling of Thin Walled Cavities on Aeronautical Components

This article presents a mathematical model of helical end-milling forces through experimental identification of the cutting coefficients and analyzes the changes of corner-milling forces under different conditions. In allusion to the corner-milling process, the relationship between working parameters and the corner coordinates is investigated by way of combination of tool tracing and cutting geometrodynamics. The milling parameters are optimized by changing the coordinates of tool center and working parameters without altering cutting forces. By applying the optimized parameters to milling practice, a comparison is made to show the improved product quality. Based on these optimized parameters, a finite element method (FEM) program is used to compute deformation values of a workpiece's corner, which evidences few effects that optimized parameters can exert on the corner deformation.     

CFRP定心内齿槽的加工

以CFRP复合构件为研究对象,采用横刃减小的成形刀片对复合构件孔内定心齿槽进行加工试验,分析刀片横刃大小与走刀路径对切削力的影响规律。结果表明:刀片横刃的减小有利于切削力的降低,但横刃减小到0.5 mm时,切削力减小的趋势变缓;采用横刃为0.5 mm的刀片沿着齿槽轮廓一次进给完成齿槽加工的走刀方式,其单齿加工时间较短、切削力较小、加工质量较好,该种齿槽加工方案较为合理。     

Prediction of cutting forces in flank milling of parts with non-developable ruled surfaces

Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.     

C/SiC复合材料AUAG加工机理及实验研究

对C/SiC复合材料沿纤维分布方向超声磨削加工AUAG展开研究,对超声加工C/Si C复合材料的表面微观结构以及机械性能进行了评估,对表面质量随加工参数的变化而变化展开了研究。结果表明通过AUAG超声磨削加工参数的优化设计,可以得到较好的表面质量。     

抗氧化处理对3D C/C复合材料性能的影响

研究了采用化学气相反应法制备的SiC抗氧化涂层对3D整体编织C／C复合材料的密度、力学性能以及微观结构的影响。结果表明，3D C／C复合材料经抗氧化处理后，其密度、开孔率以及力学性能均有不同程度的提高。由SEM微观结构可以看出，其力学性能提高是由于气态Si渗入到材料基体内部，并与内部的C反应生成SiC，在一定程度上弥合了材料中的缺陷所致。