基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心快速提取

在全极化逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)体制下,二维相干极化几何绕射(CP-GTD)模型能够精确描述雷达目标高频电磁极化散射特性。针对CP-GTD模型,提出了一种基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心参数快速提取方法。该方法利用空域滤波将二维全极化散射中心参数提取问题分解为多个一维全极化散射中心提取问题,进而利用一维旋转不变技术(1D-ESPRIT)分步对全极化散射中心各维参数进行联合估计,最后利用最小二乘方法获得相干极化散射矩阵的估计。此外,采用这样的分步估计过程,可以实现二维参数的自动配对。复杂度分析和仿真实验表明:该方法不仅能够显著降低运算量,并且还能获得较好的估计精度,可以有效地用于目标全极化散射中心提取。     

基于边缘区域增长法的飞机图像目标分割研究

对边缘区域增长算法进行了理论分析,介绍了用边缘区域增长法对飞机图像进行目标分割的主要步骤,并将该算法对飞机图像进行目标分割的效果与Otsu算法进行了对比。结果表明,该算法所分割的图像目标边缘和实际目标边缘一致性较好,边界精确、清晰。     

海上舰船目标的宽带雷达散射特征信号仿真

提出一种将目标高频电磁（EM）散射计算多径回波模型与不同海况条件下粗糙海面前向复反射系数模型相结合的方法,对海上舰船目标宽带雷达回波进行仿真和分析。简要分析了目标-海面相互作用的多径回波模型,给出了目标体的电磁散射计算方法,研究了不同海况条件下海面前向复反射系数随频率和擦地角的变化特性,并通过仿真分析了海面对舰船目标雷达回波的影响。对比分析舰船目标体直接散射及在不同海况条件下考虑多径效应时的雷达散射截面（RCS）变化特性,并在不同海况条件下对目标进行二维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像仿真,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于混合 MOM-PO的复合电磁散射问题分析

海面(或地面)环境中目标电磁散射特性,对实际战场环境下军用目标的雷达探测、雷达特性形成以及雷达目标识别等技术具有基础支撑作用。因此,快速准确地分析目标和粗糙面复合电磁散射特性具有重要理论意义和应用价值。文章采用基于矩量法(MOM)和物理光学法(PO)的混合方法MOM-PO分析了目标和粗糙面复合电磁散射问题。与传统的矩量法相比,该方法在保证精确度的前提下大大加快了计算速度。     

一种弹道导弹多目标时频分析ISAR成像算法及仿真

在研究多目标ISAR成像回波信号的基础上,提出了一种基于谱图重排的时频分析ISAR成像算法,针对同一距离单元内不同径向速度和不同微动状态两种情况的弹道导弹多目标ISAR成像问题进行了新算法的仿真研究。仿真结果表明,这种成像方法具有优良的时频聚焦性能,证明了该方法的有效性。     

结合迁移学习基于全卷积神经网络的ISAR自聚焦算法

逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像目标多为非合作目标，在目标相对运动状态未知情况下的运动补偿是ISAR成像的关键。基于全卷积网络（FCN）具有强大的数据抽象特征挖掘和拟合能力，将FCN用于ISAR自聚焦，提出一种结合迁移学习基于FCN的ISAR自聚焦算法。通过构造大量不同相位误差的仿真数据集并进行训练，使FCN具有相位补偿能力，对不同姿态下仿真以及实测数据进行迁移训练，进一步提升平动相位补偿的能力。实测数据处理结果表明，结合迁移学习基于FCN的自聚焦成像效果优于传统类自聚集算法，验证了所提算法的有效性，相比传统方法更具优越性。     

稀疏孔径ISAR机动目标成像与相位补偿方法

现代逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)可实现多模式下对多目标的交替测量工作,但波束切换使得任一目标的方位孔径具有稀疏性,同时目标的机动性也使得目标的方位维信号具有高次调制特性,这均导致以连续采样信号模型为基础的传统ISAR运动补偿和成像方法难以直接应用。本文提出一种新的稀疏孔径(SA)ISAR机动目标相位补偿和成像方法。该方法首先建立了稀疏孔径ISAR机动目标的信号模型,然后通过求解2范数最大化的优化函数,实现对相位误差的精确估计,并且通过迭代处理提高了相位误差的估计精度。相位误差补偿后,根据压缩感知理论,构造了机动目标情况下的Chirp-Fourier字典,通过对稀疏优化问题的求解,能够较精确地从稀疏孔径信号中重构出机动目标的全孔径(FA)信号。仿真和实测数据处理结果证明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于拖曳式干扰机的ISAR微动散射波干扰方法

通过对微多普勒效应的研究,提出了一种新的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）散射波干扰方法。将拖曳式干扰机和ISAR接收机分别等效为双基ISAR的发射站和接收站,干扰机对截获的ISAR信号进行微动信息调制并转发至目标,由其散射至ISAR接收机产生散射波干扰效果。干扰信号经ISAR接收机处理后可在真实目标回波成像结果附近产生假目标,且在方位向形成干扰条带。实验结果表明：通过控制干扰机转发参数及微动调制参数可分别实现不同的压制干扰效果。由于拖曳式干扰机与目标距离较近,干扰信号可获得较大功率,且与真实目标回波相参,可获得ISAR二维脉冲压缩处理增益,与传统射频噪声压制干扰方法相比成本较小。     

基于边缘检测与颜色目标定位的图像检索

提出一种先利用图像边缘信息缩小检索范围。再利用图像颜色信息进行目标定位的图像检索算法。首先。提取图像边缘信息。利用图像位错率进行边缘信息比较,位错率越小图像边缘信息越接近;然后,利用主色调确定图像的目标块,进行目标子块间的比较。算法忽略图像中不重要的背景因素,有效利用重要的目标因素。从而提高了检索效率。仿真实验证明该算法比单一使用边缘检测、颜色目标定位具有更好的检索性能。     

基于Canny边缘检测的Mean-Shift跟踪核窗宽确定方法

传统核窗宽固定的Mean—Shift跟踪算法不能很好地对做复杂运动、尺寸变化的目标进行有效地跟踪,变核窗宽是解决这一问题的途径。图像的边缘表征了目标的重要特征,可以通过提取目标的边缘来确定核窗宽并用于跟踪。基于Canny边缘检测算法确定跟踪窗宽加快了Mean—Shift跟踪算法的运算速度,仿真结果验证了该跟踪算法的有效性。     

High resolution reconstruction of ISAR images

A 2-D high-resolution spectral analysis algorithm with application to an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, is presented. This algorithm is based on two-dimensional linear prediction using autoregressive (AR) coefficients. Stability is guaranteed by AR process pole adjustment. An ISAR target is modeled for a complex scatterer geometry. Computer simulation results are provided for the high-resolution reconstruction of ISAR images     

GRECO中棱边绕射场计算的改进

图形电磁计算 (GRECO)方法是计算复杂目标高频区雷达散射截面 (RCS)的有效方法之一。分析了原始GRECO方法在判定目标图象棱边象素的不足之处 ,给出了相应的改进措施。改进后的软件能够更准确、充分地判定目标的棱边象素及获得棱边参数。在边缘绕射场的计算方面 ,指出了相关文献中存在的错误 ,给出了基于等效电磁流法 (MEC)和物理绕射理论 (PTD)的边缘绕射场计算式 ,及与物理光学 (PO)场叠加求取RCS的完整表达式。计算实例表明 ,新的方法具有更高的准确度 ,与实验测量值吻合     

Iterative MMSE method and recurrent Kalman procedure for ISAR imagereconstruction

This work presents a novel approximate iterative and recurrent approach for image reconstruction from inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data. Mathematical models of the quadrature components of the ISAR signal, reflected by an object with a complex geometry, are devised. Approximation matrix functions are used to describe deterministic signals reflected by point scatterers located at nodes of the uniform grid (model) during inverse aperture synthesis. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) equations and Kalman equations are derived. To prove the validity and correctness of the developed iterative MMSE method and recurrent Kalman procedure, numerical experiments were performed. The computational results demonstrate high resolution images, unambiguous and convergent estimates of the point scatterers' intensities of a target from simulated ISAR data     

机动目标的逆合成孔径雷达成像

 逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)和合成孔径雷达 (SAR)都是利用目标 (场景)与雷达的相对运动,提高横向分辨率,实现对目标 (场景 )的成像。SAR的运动方是雷达平台,可控制作平稳飞行,且用仪器测校其偏离误差;ISAR的运动方通常是非合作目标,运动不受控制,且难以精确测量。当目标作机动飞行时,以目标作固定基准,雷达等效地在空间形成流形复杂的逆合成孔径 (阵列 ),对这种情况下成像的问题进行了系统的研究。     

Identifying the number of aircraft in formation flight using ISAR technique

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An efficient 3-D near-field ISAR algorithm

This paper presents a new three-dimensional (3-D) near-field inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique. A 3-D ISAR image can be obtained by processing coherently the backscattered fields as a function of the frequency and two rotation angles about axes which are mutually orthogonal. Most of the existing ISAR algorithms are based on the Fourier transform and as such can tolerate only small amounts of wavefront curvature. Wavefront curvature must be taken into account when imaging an object in the near-field. Near-field ISAR imaging of large objects using a direct Fourier inversion may result in images which are increasingly unfocused at points which are more distant from the center of rotation. An algorithm based on an azimuth convolution between a near-field focusing function and the frequency domain backscattered fields is discussed. This convolution is efficiently implemented by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques. Furthermore, in order to further alleviate the computational load of the algorithm, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the focusing function is evaluated by means of the stationary phase method. Experimental results show that this technique is precise and virtually impulse invariant     

Time-frequency approaches to ISAR imaging of maneuvering targetsand their limitations

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of the noncooperative maneuvering target is a challenging task because of its time variant orientation and rotation velocity which cannot be measured accurately. This correspondence investigates the principles of ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets, and proposes an algorithm for application in situations where the maneuverability is not too severe and the Doppler variation of subechoes from scatterers can be approximated as a first-order polynomial. The imaging results obtained by using real data show the effectiveness of the new method     

Precision tracking algorithms for ISAR imaging

The simultaneous imaging and tracking of a moving target is one of the most difficult problems in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal processing. The problem is addressed here using a two-antenna imaging radar. The target range shift is sensed with an exponentially averaged envelope correlation algorithm while the angle change is measured with a differential phase shift algorithm. The three state Kalman filters are used in range and azimuth dimensions to provide both a filtered estimate and a one-sample-ahead prediction for the purpose of target tracking. The filtered range shift provides an accurate information for range bin alignment, and the target angle change provides the angular positions of the synthetic array elements. Therefore, the ISAR imaging simply becomes processing of a circular-arc aperture. The algorithms are verified both by computer simulations and also with experimental data processing     

ISAR imaging of targets at low elevation angles

The problem of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image reconstruction of targets at low elevation angle is considered. In this geometric condition the main causes affecting the reconstructed ISAR image are the multipath effect due to the reflection of the Earth's surface and the angular motions of the target produced by external action like wind, fast maneuvering, and sea waves as in the case of ships. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects that the multipath and the target angular motions jointly produce on the ISAR image. The results show that multipath generates some artifacts in the image whereas the target oscillations undergo a spatial-dependent blurring of the point spread function of the ISAR system. These theoretical results are validated by presenting some numerical examples relevant to aircrafts and ships in rectilinear or circular motion. A wide discussion on possible solutions of this problem is made in the conclusion     

Multi-aspect radar target recognition method based on scattering centers and HMMs classifiers

A hidden Markov model (HMM)-based method for recognizing aerial targets according to the sequential high-range-resolution (HRR) radar signature is presented. Its recognition features are the location information of scattering centers extracted from the HRR radar echoes by the relax algorithm. The HMM is used to characterize the spatio-temporal information of a target. Several HMMs are cascaded in a chain to model the variation in the target orientation and used as classifiers. Computer simulations with the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data are given to demonstrate that for an open-set recognition, average class-recognition rates of 84.50% and 89.88% are achieved, respectively, under two given conditions.