一类基于四面体组合单元的模块化构架式可展开天线机构

针对现有基于四面体单元的构架式天线机构结构复杂、收拢率低、运动副数量多等问题，基于3RR-3RRR四面体组合单元和基于3RR-3URU四面体对称组合单元分别提出了两种新型模块化可展结构。以3个组合单元组成的模块化结构为分析对象，首先，详细介绍了模块化结构的组成及虎克铰轴线布置，并利用组合单元本身的自由度数目及性质，采用拆杆-等效-复原的思想，应用螺旋理论和G-K公式分别对提出的两种模块化结构进行了自由度分析，得到了自由度数目及性质。其次，应用Adams动力学仿真软件对两种模块化结构进行运动仿真，仿真结果验证了自由度分析的正确性。以完全展开和完全收拢时机构所占的空间体积比值表征该机构的收拢率，计算现有基于四面体单元的非模块化机构与提出的模块化机构的收拢率。最后，对比分析非模块化机构与模块化机构的自由度数目、运动副数目及收拢率。分析结果表明，基于3RR-3URU四面体对称组合单元的模块化结构既能实现较大收拢率，自由度及运动副数目也相对减少，且组成大型天线时杆件类型较少。研究结果为该类模块化构架式可展天线结构的设计与分析提供一定理论依据。     

3R-3URU可展单元机构及其在构架式可展天线中的应用

提出了一种空间单自由度(DOF)可展单元机构3R-3URU。首先,基于螺旋理论和修正的G-K公式分析了RURUR单闭环机构的自由度,建立了该机构中主动关节和被动关节速度之间的解析关系式,基于此关系式和3个RURUR机构共用首尾转动副的结构特点推导了3R-3URU单元机构的自由度,得到了3R-3URU机构具有1个自由度时各运动副的方向和位置满足的几何关系式。其次,将3R-3URU机构应用于3RR-3RRR四面体可展单元及其组成的球面构架式可展天线中,得到了具有收拢和调姿两种自由度的新型可展机构。最后,利用Adams软件对3R-3URU可展单元机构的自由度和其在四面体构架式可展天线中的应用进行了仿真验证。该3R-3URU可展单元机构具有单自由度、铰链种类少、结构简单等优点,可用于曲面构架式可展天线的支撑机构中,实现大折叠比。     

3RR-3URU四面体可展天线支撑机构结构设计与模态分析

针对四面体构架式可展天线研制过程中结构设计和模态分析的问题,根据3RR-3URU四面体可展开机构单元的机构特征,按照型面划分之后的结果确定了反射面节点的位置;考虑基本单元的轴线分布,确定了支撑机构中各单元的轴线分布,使用Solidworks软件分别绘制出了包含花盘、同步杆、腹杆所有构件几何参数的3D草图;完成了各零部件的详细结构设计,选取其中心位置的最小组合单元,完成了模态分析,得到了其前6阶的固有频率和振型分布,结果表明,单元在低阶模态下表现为整体振动,高阶模态下则表现为局部振动。     

剪叉联动式双层环形桁架可展开天线机构设计与分析

为提高环形桁架可展开天线机构的刚度,提出了一种剪叉联动式双层环形桁架可展开天线机构,介绍了其具体结构及特点;对整体桁架机构进行了单元划分,将其分解为多个六面体可展单元,分析了整体桁架结构的运动过程及特点,并对六面体基本可展单元进行了结构分析与简化;基于反螺旋理论分析了六面体可展单元的自由度及运动形式,得到了其只有一个收展运动自由度的结论,最后建立了整体双层环形桁架可展开机构的仿真模型,模拟了整个双层环形桁架机构的收拢与展开过程,验证了其整体的可展性。     

一类空间对称6R机构的运动学研究及组合应用

可展开平板机构已广泛应用于平板天线、太阳翼等航天机构产品。为提高可展开平板机构的刚度和展收比,将空间对称6R机构应用于可展开平板机构设计。首先,根据约束条件,计算后给出了一种空间3R运动链的几何参数关系;然后,结合螺旋理论,分析了该3R运动链的约束螺旋系;进而根据对称性,研究了空间对称6R机构的自由度、奇异性等运动特征;在此基础上,提出了一种特殊的空间对称6R转动机构;最后,研究了空间对称6R机构的组合方法,设计出一种新型单自由度可展开平板组合机构,并对其进行了运动学仿真验证。该可展机构具有二维方向的展开收拢能力,为可展开平板机构的创新设计提供了有益参考。     

四棱锥单元平板式可展开收拢机构的

 基于7杆闭环机构提出一种新型四棱锥单元,其可作为一种基本可展机构单元,组合成大型可展机构。利用机构学方法研究,分析了单元机构的自由度、运动学和奇异性,给出了单元组合方法并基于四棱锥单元机构设计了一平板式可展开收拢机构,最后计算了机构的伸缩比。分析结果表明,这种单元机构组合方便简单,组合后的机构自由度为1,便于机构的展开收拢控制。当机构完全展开时,由于其奇异特性,机构有较好的力学性能。利用这种单元可以设计出新型大型可展开收拢机构,在航空航天领域有很好的应用前景。     

四棱锥单元平板式可展开收拢机构的运动特性分析

基于7杆闭环机构提出一种新型四棱锥单元,其可作为一种基本可展机构单元,组合成大型可展机构.利用机构学方法研究,分析了单元机构的自由度、运动学和奇异性,给出了单元组合方法并基于四棱锥单元机构设计了一平板式可展开收拢机构,最后计算了机构的伸缩比.分析结果表明,这种单元机构组合方便简单,组合后的机构自由度为1,便于机构的展开收拢控制.当机构完全展开时,由于其奇异特性,机构有较好的力学性能.利用这种单元可以设计出新型大型可展开收拢机构,在航空航天领域有很好的应用前景.     

一种双向平板折展单元机构及其运动过程分析

为满足更大物理口径的平面可展开天线，提出了一种新的可拓展的双向平板折展单元机构，并对其拓展方式、自由度和运动学特性进行了分析。首先，结合四棱锥和三棱锥机构，设计了一种新的双向平板折展单元机构构型，并简述其基本组成和拓展规律。其次，根据展开运动特性，将机构简化为平面机构，并计算了自由度，确定了驱动数目和位置。最后，采用闭环矢量法建立其运动学模型，分析了展开轨迹、奇异位置及杆件角度、角速度和角加速度等运动特性。将运动学模型的解析解与仿真结果进行对比，验证了运动学模型的正确性。     

空间对称型7R机构运动特性分析及组合应用

提出了一种空间对称型7R机构，可利用此机构组合构造空间可展开机构。通过旋量拓扑图分析了其整体自由度，得到了其运动副轴线方位变化时整体机构自由度数目的变化情况；基于反螺旋理论分析了运动副轴线方位不同的情况下运动输出构件的自由度数目和性质，并针对其瞬时性做了判别，发现其在不同运动副轴线方位布置情况下会出现局部自由度与瞬时自由度；分析了机构在不同驱动情况下的奇异特性，得到了机构在不同的驱动下处于奇异位形时的几何条件；最后选定自由度为1时的空间对称型7R机构组合构造了一类单自由度多棱锥型空间可展开机构，通过设置其运动副轴线方位，可以使其具有较大收拢率，同时当机构完全展开时，奇异特性使得其具有较好的力学性能。通过多个棱锥型空间可展开机构的组合，可以构造出新型大尺度空间可展开机构，在航空航天领域具有较好的应用前景。     

基于降维算法和等效杆长的可展结构精度分析

考虑铰链间隙和杆件尺寸误差的不确定性并通过概率统计方法对其进行研究,提出了一种基于单变量降维算法(UDRM)和等效杆长模型的可展结构精度分析方法。利用UDRM将可展结构的精度性能函数解耦为多个杆件尺寸误差的独立作用形式,建立精度分析模型。引入等效杆长模型,等效杆件替代原杆件进行精度计算。将铰链间隙与原始杆件尺寸误差合并到等效杆件的尺寸误差中,同时证明了等效杆长尺寸误差近似服从正态分布。以某卫星可展开天线为算例,结合高斯求积公式求解展开状态下精度指标的分布期望和方差。通过与蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)和一次二阶矩(FOSM)法计算结果的对比验证了本文精度分析方法的正确性和高效性。     

Design and analysis of a truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a 3UU-3URU unit

Space deployable structures with large calibers, high accuracy, and large folding ratios are indispensable equipment in the aerospace field. Given that the single-DOF 3RR-3RRR deployable unit cannot be fully folded, this study proposes a 3UU-3URU deployable unit with two kinds of DOF: folding movement and orientation adjustment. First, based on the G-K formula, the DOF of the 3UU-3URU unit is analyzed. Then, the 3UU-3URU unit is used to construct a deployable truss antenna with a curved surface, and the DOF of the whole deployable antenna containing multiple 3UU-3URU units is calculated. The structural design of a deployable antenna with two loops is carried out with specific parameters and geometric relations. Next, a DOF simulation of a basic combination unit composed of three 3UU-3URU units is performed. Finally, a prototype of the basic combination unit is manufactured, and the DOF of the mechanism is experimentally verified.     

Type synthesis of deployable mechanisms for ring truss antenna based on constraint-synthesis method

Space deployable antenna is the key equipment in realizing the communication and data transmission between the spacecraft and the earth. In order to enrich the configurations of deployable antennas, the type synthesis of deployable mechanisms for ring truss antenna is conducted in this study. First, the principle of the constraint-synthesis method based on screw theory is briefly described, the structure of the ring truss deployable antenna and its folding principle are analyzed, and the ring truss mechanism is divided into upper edges, lower edges and linkages. Then, based on the constraint-synthesis method, the type synthesis of the basic unit edges is carried out, a series of basic unit mechanisms are obtained from combining the basic unit edge mechanisms, and five mechanism units with fewer joints and simple structures are selected. Furthermore, simulation models of the five ring truss deployable mechanisms are built in Solidworks and Matlab software, and the deploying process is verified by the movement simulation. Finally, mechanism characteristics of the five mechanisms are analyzed and discussed, and a prototype is manufactured, verifying the analysis in this paper. This research provides a new way for the type synthesis of spatial deployable mechanisms, and the ring truss deployable mechanisms obtained in this study can be well applied in the field of aerospace.     

Design and analysis of truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a novel symmetric hexagonal profile division method

As the deployment, supporting, and stability mechanisms of satellite antennas, space-deployable mechanisms play a key role in the field of aerospace. In order to design truss deployable antenna supporting mechanisms with large folding rate, high accuracy, easy deployment and strong stability, aiming at the geometric division of the parabolic reflector, a novel method based on symmetric hexagonal division and its corresponding modular truss deployable antenna mechanism is proposed, and the original method based on asymmetric triangular division and its corresponding mechanisms are presented for comparative analysis. Then, the screw theory is employed to analyze the mobility of different mechanisms. Furthermore, the improved three-dimensional mesh method is used to divide the reflector surface of a large parabolic antenna designed by the two different methods, and the profile accuracy and the type of links are taken as the evaluation indexes to quantitatively analyze the division results. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the modular deployable mechanism based on the symmetric hexagonal design is developed, and the deployable mechanisms with different configurations based on the two design methods are compared and analyzed from the mechanical perspective. The research results provide a good theoretical reference for the design of deployable truss antenna mechanisms and their application in the aerospace field.     

Optimizing accuracy of a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism based on stiffness analysis

Accuracy of the fitted surface is of great importance to the performance of deployable antennas utilized in space. This paper proposes a stiffness analysis based fitting accuracy optimization method for achieving the optimal parameters of the parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism. The stiffness matrix of the proposed cylindrical antenna mechanism is established by assembling the stiffness of beams and tension cables. Structural deformations of the mechanism are calculated where the tensioned cable is substituted by a 2-node truss element and an equivalent force acting on the joint. Consideration of the tensity of tension cables, namely tensioned or slack, is transformed into a typical linear complementarity problem. Comparison between structural deformations of the mechanism fixed at different points is performed. Sensitivities of the geometric and structural parameters on fitting accuracy are investigated. Influence of force of the driven cable on structural deformations of antenna operated in different orbits is conducted. A fitting optimization method is proposed to minimize the structural deformations subject to constraints on volume and mass. Simulation result shows that the fitting accuracy of the antenna mechanism is improved significantly through the optimization. The proposed method can be utilized for the optimal design of other deployable mechanisms constructed by joining rigid links.     

Configuration synthesis of planar folded and common overconstrained spatial rectangular pyramid deployable truss units

Compared with non-overconstrained deployable units, overconstrained deployable units are widely used in space missions for their higher stiffness characteristics. Besides the performance of a three-step topological structural analysis and design of the rectangular pyramid deployable truss unit(PDTU), conducting a structural synthesis of an overconstrained deployable unit requires the determination of the relative position and direction of each kinematic axis. The structural synthesis of an overconstrained deployable unit is investigated based on screw theory and its topological structure. The possible overconstrained cases of the rectangular PDTUs are analyzed, and corresponding screw expressions are obtained. Thus, the rectangular PDTUs, which can be folded into a plane, are synthesized systemically, and a series of overconstrained rectangular PDTUs is obtained. Furthermore, the feasibility of the folded and deployed motions under one degree of freedom for those deployable units is verified in dynamical simulation by using ADAMS 2010.     

Deployment dynamic analysis of deployable antennas considering thermal effect

Dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems is complex. Several successful methods have been demonstrated. However, few works discussed the dynamic performance of the flexible multibody under different temperatures. This paper uses the absolute nodal coordinate formulation to analyze the flexible body dynamics of deployment structures under different temperatures to simulate space environments. The dynamic equations of finite element in temperature field are developed. Then a computer-aided simulation of flexible multibody systems in temperature field is implemented. A general four-bar mechanism under different temperatures as a simulation example is demonstrated, and the deployment characteristics of a special four-bar mechanism as a basic module of the hoop truss deployable antenna is analyzed under different temperatures in order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the deployable antenna in space environments. The simulation results indicate the influence factors of deployment dynamic characteristics include the structural form, material properties, geometric parameters and deployment planning in ambient and thermal/vacuum environments.     

完全解耦3T2R并联机器人构型综合方法

针对并联机构内部耦合性带来运动学和动力学分析困难的问题,基于G_F集理论提出一种简单而有效的三移动两转动(3T2R)完全解耦构型综合方法。首先,阐述G_F集并联机器人构型理论;其次,根据G_F集的求和运算和转动轴线迁移定理,给出了机构输入运动副选择原则以及解耦支链设计准则;按照完全解耦并联机构设计步骤,列举出了3T2R并联机构各解耦分支运动链,综合出了含有单、双驱动支链的3T2R五自由度完全解耦并联机构,得到了大量新构型;通过所综合出的一种新型并联机构,运用约束螺旋法对机构的自由度数目和运动特性进行分析,根据机构输入与输出参数间关系式,求解得到机构雅可比矩阵,验证了机构的解耦特性,进一步证明了该构型方法的有效性。研究对解耦并联机构的构型设计具有理论指导意义。