磁层－电离层电动耦合与中纬地磁指数的变化

本文探讨磁层一电离层耦合过程内中纬地磁指数的变化特点，并与极光电集流和赤道电集流（指数）变化相比较．相关分析和时序叠加分析均表明，高、中、低纬地磁指数变化可归结为磁层一电离层电动耦合的统一物理图象．有Ｒ事件的磁暴主相初期和无Ｒ事件的磁扰期内，赤道电集流和中纬地磁指数的变化各不相同．这再次证明，耦合分析中将磁层源扰动的直接穿透作用与经电离层内动力过程的效应二者加以区分和综合研究是很重要的．     

电离层电场半年变化的模拟研究

利用一个中低纬电离层电场理论模式，模拟太阳活动低年、地磁活动平静情况下，中低纬地区电离层电场全年的变化情况．结果显示，单独计算南、北半球(去耦合)得到电离层电场具有明显的周年变化特征，且两个半球电场的相位相差半年左右．而同时计算南、北半球(计及耦合)时，电场则是以半年变化为主，且这种半年变化的幅度和相位随地方时和地磁纬度有变化．提出一个南、北半球耦合电路的简单物理模型给予解释．电路模型初步计算发现，即使两个半球电离层电场分别具有周年变化，只要它们变化的幅度相当，相位相差半年左右，由于跨越南北半球磁力线的耦合效果，耦合的电离层电场会产生明显的半年变化分量．由于缺少连续的电离层电场观测资料，将模拟结果与Richmond基于非相干散射雷达数据建立的经验模式(ISR Model)相比较，结果符合较好．     

磁层-电离层电动耦合与中纬地磁指数的变化

本文探讨磁层一电离层耦合过程内中纬地磁指数的变化特点,并与极光电集流和赤道电集流(指数)变化相比较。相关分析和时序叠加分析均表明,高、中、低纬地磁指数变化可归结为磁层一电离层电动耦合的统一物理图象。有R事件的磁暴主相初期和无R事件的磁扰期内,赤道电集流和中纬地磁指数的变化各不相同。这再次证明,耦合分析中将磁层源扰动的直接穿透作用与经电离层内动力过程的效应二者加以区分和综合研究是很重要的。      

地磁活动对电离层f0F2月中值的影响与国际参考电离层误差

利用我国9个中低纬度的电离层观测站在1977-1986年间观测的f0F2月中值,按每月的平均地磁活动指数Ap分为地磁活动高（Ap≥5）和低（Ap＜15）两种情况,研究了地磁活动对f0F2月中值平均低纬电离层驼峰区演变的影响,并考察了国际参考电离层（IRI）的误差．     

1978—198年间磁扰的分析与日地耦合

用１９７８－１９８８年间行星际磁场（ＩＭＦ）的ＢＺ分量、极光区ＡＬ指数和赤道附近地磁台Ｚ分量等资料探讨了日地耦合中的主要物理过程。ＢＺ的１１年变化大致与太阳活动程度相当，但ＡＬ和赤道附近ΔＺ更多地受磁层和电离层内部过程所控制。分析中强调了对国际磁扰日按物理过程进行分类的必要性。     

太阳活动低年广州地区地磁扰动与电离层闪烁的统计特征分析

基于肇庆地磁台的地磁监测数据和广州气象卫星地面站建立的华南地区GPS电离层闪烁监测网的监测数据, 统计分析了2008年7月至2010年7月太阳活动低年期间广州地区地磁扰动与电离层闪烁的关系. 用肇庆台地磁水平分量H的变化量换算出肇庆地磁指数K, 以此来代表广州地区地磁扰动情况.分析结果表明, 磁暴/强地磁扰动对广州地区电离层闪烁的发生总体表现为抑制作用, 电离层闪烁主要发生在低K值期间, 而在K ≥ 4时电离层闪烁的发生呈下降趋势. 电离层闪烁发生率随季节和地磁活动的变化规律表现在, 春季的弱闪烁发生率、夜间中等以上闪烁发生率和夏季中等以上闪烁的发生率明显与地磁活动指数K相关, 即随$K$指数的增大而减小; 在秋季和冬季闪烁发生率与K指数变化无明显关系. 同时还综合分析了地磁与太阳活动的变化对电离层活动的影响, 广州地区闪烁主要发生在太阳活动较低的磁静日期间.      

1978—1988年间磁扰的分析与日地耦合

用1978-1988年间行星际磁场(IMF)的B_z分量、极光区AL指数和赤道附近地磁台Z分量等资料探讨了日地耦合中的主要物理过程。B_z的11年变化大致与太阳活动程度相当,但AL和赤道附近ΔZ更多地受磁层和电离层内部过程所控制。分析中强调了对国际磁抗日按物理过程进行分类的必要性。      

极光区电离层Hall电导率的观测及其在E层电子加热情况下的特征

本文利用欧洲的ＥＩＳＣＡＴ雷达观测资料及与这配合的地磁观测数据，用电离层参数直接计算和地面磁场反演两种方法导出了极区电离层Ｈａｌｌ电导率，特别显示出在强对流电场激发的Ｅ层等离子体不稳定波对电子加热情况下，电导率明显增高。     

Galileo卫星导航系统广播Nequick模型及其参数拟合

提出了基于IGRF模型的Galileo广播Nequick模型及其参数拟合算法, 解决了Galileo信号仿真中地理场景映射与地磁坐标下的电离层延时修正参数拟合问题. 应用IGRF模型, 可计算出任意给定位置和时间点的地磁参数以及E层、 F₁层、F₂层的电子密度, 从而计算出Galileo电离层修正参数. 仿真结果表明, 该算法拟合的全球电离层延时与IGS提供的实际观测值基本一致, 仿真精度高于一般的经验电离层模型, 实现了Galileo卫星信号的电离层延时修正参数的精确仿真.      

上行离子源区卫星探测的轨道需求分析

极区从电离层到磁层的上行粒子流探测研究是空间天气建模中的重要问题,其起源和加速机制是磁层-电离层-热层耦合小卫星星座计划的主要科学目标. 磁层-电离层-热层耦合小卫星星座计划拟定由两颗磁层星和两颗电离层/热层星组成星座对极区进行联合观测. 其中,上行粒子源区附近的就位探测是电离层-热层耦合机制研究的重点,也是电离层/热层星轨道设计的关键. 根据相关空间探测计划和卫星观测结果,通过比较圆轨道和椭圆轨道两种方案,确定电离层/热层星采用椭圆轨道.      

一种基于白谱法的电离层天气扰动指数

基于一种电离层扰动提取方法——白谱法,利用IGS提供的电离层TEC网格数据,获得电离层J_s指数、J_r指数和J_p指数,分别反映单站、纬度圈（沿经度积分）及行星际尺度下的电离层天气扰动状态.在2015年3月的一次磁暴过程中,J_s指数、J_r指数及J_p指数均很好地反映出电离层响应地磁暴的过程,磁暴前后J_p指数与Dst指数相关系数达到-0.72;J_s图从二维角度很好地表征了电离层天气的扰动过程.在此基础上,统计分析了2011——2014年J_p指数与Dst指数的相关性,结果表明:限定J_p≥2,J_p指数与对应时间Dst指数的相关系数为-0.67;限定J_p≥3,二者相关系数更高,达到-0.87.通过分析不同J_p指数阈值下不同等级磁暴的次数,发现J_p指数可以很好地反映磁暴下的电离层整体扰动,为指示电离层天气状态提供了可能的参数.      

反向赤道电集流与磁层扰动

对印度Trivandrum站第21太阳活动周内地磁H分量分析表明,不仅在磁扰日及其随后的静日内,强磁扰对赤道电集流有显着作用,即使在持续静日期间,较弱的磁扰仍然对赤道电离层有很大影响。磁静日昏侧出现反向(西向)电集流是正常现象,弱磁扰是使此反向电流消失的可能机制。      

Ionospheric anomalies observed over South Korea preceding the Great Tohoku earthquake of 2011

We investigated the ionospheric anomalies observed before the Tohoku earthquake, which occurred near the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan on 11 March, 2011. Based on data from a ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) network on the Korean Peninsula, ionospheric anomalies were detected in the total electron content (TEC) during the daytime a few days before earthquake. Ionospheric TEC anomalies appeared on 5, 8 and 11 March. In particular, the ionospheric disturbances on 8 March evidenced a remarkable increase in TEC. The GPS TEC variation associated with the Tohoku earthquake was an increase of approximately 20 total electron content units (TECU), observed simultaneously in local and global TEC measurements. To investigate these pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies, space weather conditions such as the solar activity index (F10.7) and geomagnetic activity indices (the Kp and Dst indices) were examined. We also created two-dimensional TEC maps to visual the spatial variations in the ionospheric anomalies preceding the earthquake.     

Analysis of ionospheric TEC response to solar and geomagnetic activities at different solar activity stages

Studying the relationship of total electron content (TEC) to solar or geomagnetic activities at different solar activity stages can provide a reference for ionospheric modeling and prediction. On the basis of solar activity indices, geomagnetic activity parameters, and ionospheric TEC data at different solar activity stages, this study analyzes the overall variation relationships of solar and geomagnetic activities with ionospheric TEC, the characteristics of the quasi-27-day periodic oscillations of the three variables at different stages, and the delayed TEC response of solar activity by conducting correlation analysis, Butterworth band-pass filtering, Fourier transform, and time lag analysis. The following results are obtained. (1) TEC exhibits a significant linear relationship with solar activity at different solar activity stages. The correlation coefficients |R| are arranged as follows: |R|_EUV > |R|_F10.7 > |R|sunspot number. No significant linear relationship exists between TEC and geomagnetic activity parameters (|R| < 0.35). (2) TEC, solar activity indices, and geomagnetic activity parameters have a period of 10.5 years. The maximum amplitudes of the Fourier spectrum for TEC and solar activity indices are nearly 27 days and those of geomagnetic activity parameters are nearly 27 and 13.5 days. (3) The deviations of the quasi-27-day significant periodic oscillation of TEC and solar activity indices are consistent. (4) No evident relationship exists between the quasi-27-day periodic oscillation of TEC and geomagnetic activity parameters. (5) The delay time of TEC for the 10.7 cm solar radio flux and extreme ultraviolet is always consistent, whereas that for sunspot number varies at each stage.     

Rapid ionospheric variations at high latitudes: Focusing on Greenland

The Helheim glacier, located in southeast Greenland, has more than ten campaign-type Global Positioning System (GPS) sites; data processing led to the observation of a very rapid change in the ionospheric delay. To identify the cause of these sporadic disturbances, we analyzed the slant total electron content (STEC), single-differenced STEC (SD-STEC) and scintillation proxy index called the delta phase rate (DPR). From this analysis, the abrupt change of those ionospheric indicators was attributed to the line-of-sight direction to the satellite and the temporal sequence of the event was found to be highly correlated with the geometry of the GPS sites. In addition, the disturbance based on the result of SD-STEC occurred mostly during the night, from 17 UTC through 7 UTC, and across a band spanning the east-west direction. Based on the DPR indices obtained from GPS stations distributed across all of Greenland, Iceland, and northeastern Canada, the rapid ionospheric variation was found to be correlated with the time of the day and the geomagnetic latitude of the station. The disturbance was larger at the relatively low geomagnetic latitudes at night but was more significant at higher latitudes in the daytime. These rapid ionospheric variations tended to appear in band shapes parallel to the geomagnetic field. These results allow us to attribute such disturbance observed at the Helheim glacier to aurora-related phenomena.     

Traveling ionospheric disturbances observed at South African midlatitudes during the 29–31 October 2003 geomagnetically disturbed period

This paper presents traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observations from GPS measurements over the South African region during the geomagnetically disturbed period of 29–31 October 2003. Two receiver arrays, which were along two distinct longitudinal sectors of about 18°-20° and 27°-28° were used in order to investigate the amplitude, periods and virtual propagation characteristics of the storm induced ionospheric disturbances. The study revealed a large sudden TEC increase on 28 October 2003, the day before the first of the two major storms studied here, that was recorded simultaneously by all the receivers used. This pre-storm enhancement was linked to an X-class solar flare, auroral/magnetospheric activities and vertical plasma drift, based on the behaviour of the geomagnetic storm and auroral indices as well as strong equatorial electrojet. Diurnal trends of the TEC and foF2 measurements revealed that the geomagnetic storm caused a negative ionospheric storm; these parameters were depleted between 29 and 31 October 2003. Large scale traveling ionospheric disturbances were observed on the days of the geomagnetic storms (29 and 31 October 2003), using line-of-sight vertical TEC (vTEC) measurements from individual satellites. Amplitude and dominant periods of these structures varied between 0.08–2.16 TECU, and 1.07–2.13 h respectively. The wave structures were observed to propagate towards the equator with velocities between 587.04 and 1635.09 m/s.     

Statistical average estimates of high latitude field-aligned currents from the STARE and SABRE coherent VHF radar systems

Two bistatic VHF radar systems, STARE and SABRE, have been employed to estimate ionospheric electric fields in the geomagnetic latitude range 61.1 – 69.3° (geographic latitude range 63.8 – 72.6°) over northern Scandinavia. 173 days of good backscatter from all four radars have been analysed during the period 1982 to 1986, from which the average ionospheric divergence electric field versus latitude and time is calculated. The average magnetic field-aligned currents are computed using an AE-dependent empirical model of the ionospheric conductance. Statistical Birkeland current estimates are presented for high and low values of the Kp and AE indices as well as positive and negative orientations of the IMF B_z component. The results compare very favourably to other ground-based and satellite measurements.     

On the mid-latitude ionospheric storm association with intense geomagnetic storms

The bulk association between ionospheric storms and geomagnetic storms has been studied. Hemispheric features of seasonal variation of ionospheric storms in the mid-latitude were also investigated. 188 intense geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ 100 nT) that occurred during solar cycles 22 and 23 were considered, of which 143 were observed to be identified with an ionospheric storm. Individual ionospheric storms were identified as maximum deviations of the F2 layer peak electron density from quiet time values. Only ionospheric storms that could clearly be associated with the peak of a geomagnetic storm were considered. Data from two mid-latitude ionosonde stations; one in the northern hemisphere (i.e. Moscow) and the other in the southern hemisphere (Grahamstown) were used to study ionospheric conditions at the time of the individual geomagnetic storms. Results show hemispheric and latitudinal differences in the intensity and nature of ionospheric storms association with different types of geomagnetic storms. These results are significant for our present understanding of the mechanisms which drive the changes in electron density during different types of ionospheric storms.