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End-to-end trajectory design for a solar-sail-only pole-sitter at Venus,Earth, and Mars
Authors:Jeannette Heiligers  Merel Vergaaij  Matteo Ceriotti
Institution:1. Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2652 HS Delft, the Netherlands;2. James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
Abstract:The concept of a pole-sitter has been under investigation for many years, showing the capability of a low-thrust propulsion system to maintain a spacecraft at a static position along a planet’s polar axis. From such a position, the spacecraft has a view of the planet’s polar regions equivalent to that of the low- and mid-latitudes from geostationary orbit. Previous work has hinted at the existence of pole-sitters that would only require a solar sail to provide the necessary propulsive thrust if a slight deviation from a position exactly along the polar axis is allowed, without compromising on the continuous view of the planet’s polar region (a so-called quasi-pole-sitter). This paper conducts a further in-depth analysis of these high-potential solar-sail-only quasi-pole-sitters and presents a full end-to-end trajectory design: from launch and transfer to orbit design and orbit control. The results are the next steppingstone towards strengthening the feasibility and utility of these orbits for continuous planetary polar observation.
Keywords:Solar sailing  Pole-sitter  Orbit design  Trajectory optimisation  Orbit control
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