Autonomous Navigation for the Deep Impact Mission Encounter with Comet Tempel 1 |
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Authors: | Nikos Mastrodemos Daniel G Kubitschek Stephen P Synnott |
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Institution: | (1) Optical Navigation Group, Navigation and Mission Design Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, M/S 301-150, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | The engineering goal of the Deep Impact mission is to impact comet Tempel 1 on July 4, 2005, with a 370 kg active Impactor
spacecraft (s/c). The impact velocity will be just over 10 km/s and is expected to excavate a crater approximately 20 m deep
and 100 m wide. The Impactor s/c will be delivered to the vicinity of Tempel 1 by the Flyby s/c, which is also the key observing
platform for the event. Following Impactor release, the Flyby will change course to pass the nucleus at an altitude of 500
km and at the same time slow down in order to allow approximately 800 s of observation of the impact event, ejecta plume expansion,
and crater formation. Deep Impact will use the autonomous optical navigation (AutoNav) software system to guide the Impactor
s/c to intercept the nucleus of Tempel 1 at a location that is illuminated and viewable from the Flyby. The Flyby s/c uses
identical software to determine its comet-relative trajectory and provide the attitude determination and control system (ADCS)
with the relative position information necessary to point the High Resolution Imager (HRI) and Medium Resolution Imager (MRI)
instruments at the impact site during the encounter. This paper describes the Impactor s/c autonomous targeting design and
the Flyby s/c autonomous tracking design, including image processing and navigation (trajectory estimation and maneuver computation).
We also discuss the analysis that led to the current design, the expected system performance as compared to the key mission
requirements and the sensitivity to various s/c subsystems and Tempel 1 environmental factors. |
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Keywords: | autonomous navigation Tempel 1 simulations |
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