高精度空间加速度计及其应用

高精度空间加速度计不仅可以用来测量航天器受到的非引力, 例如航天器受到地球的热辐射压力、太阳辐射压力、大气阻力等, 而且还可以作为惯性参考用来改善航天器的微重力水平, 即对航天器进行无拖曳控制. 通过对开环加速度计基本工作原理的研究, 概述了高精度空间加速度计的发展趋势和现状, 介绍了几种不同类型的高精度空间加速度计, 重点讨论了其在地球科学和空间基础物理研究中的应用. 

High-precision Space-borne Accelerometer and its Applications

High precision accelerometers are not only used to measure the non-gravitational forces such as thermal radiation pressure, solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag, but also used to improve the microgravity level of the spacecraft as an inertial reference, namely to achieve the spacecraft's drag-free control. The basic operation principle of inertial sensor or accelerometer is introduced. The principles of several high-precision accelerometers are described, such as MEMS accelerometers based on the capacitive sensor, MEMS tunneling accelerometers, the superconducting accelerometer, the electrostatic accelerometer and inertial sensors with optical position detection and feedback control. The developmental trend and applications in the fields of the geoscience and fundamental physics of high-precision space-borne accelerometers are discussed. The main development trend is: high-precision and miniaturization MEMS accelerometers, weak stiffness and high-precision satellite-borne accelerometers and cold atom inertial sensors.