铝锂合金材料发展及综合性能评述

在抗疲劳设计等工程应用中,对材料综合性能的准确把握是使用材料进行设计的基础。作为一种航空材料,铝锂合金因具有高比强度、高比刚度的性能而受到青睐,与普通铝合金相比,铝锂合金的各方面性能,包括常规力学性能和疲劳断裂性能,具有独特特征。不同时期研发的铝锂合金产品,其各方面性能也有显著差异。本文通过比较铝锂合金和普通铝合金的性能差异,以及比较不同铝锂合金之间的性能差异,对铝锂合金材料性能发展进行综合评述。通过对铝锂合金发展历程、常规力学性能、疲劳极限和疲劳抗力、疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的分析,给出了结构设计选材的一些建议。

Review on the development and performance of Aluminum-lithium Alloys

As a kind of aeronautical material, aluminum-lithium alloys are favored for their high specific strength and high specific stiffness. In the engineering application like anti-fatigue design, the accurate understanding of the material performance is the foundation for the application of material. Compared with conventional aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys exhibit unique characteristics towards various aspects of performance, fatigue and fracture properties included. Significant differences can also be found in the performance of aluminum-lithium alloys developed at different times. This paper aims to review different properties of aluminum-lithium alloys by comparing the performance difference between aluminum-lithium alloys and conventional aluminum alloys, and comparing the performance difference among different aluminum-lithium alloys. Based on the analyses of development history, mechanical properties, fatigue limit and fatigue resistance, and fatigue crack growth resistance, some suggestions for material selection in structural design are given.